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Qureshi, ZA, Siddiqi, QH, Hussain, T 1987. Screening of lures for Ethiopian Melon Fly. Fruit Flies: Proceedings of the 2 nd International Symposium, Colymbavi, Crete, 16-21 September 1986: 463-7. Qureahi, ZA, Hussain, T 1992. Efficacy of Nu-lure and protein hydrolysate baits in controlling Ethiopian Melon Fly. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 13: 150-4. Ragumoorthi, KN, Rao, PVS 1998a. Neem products and plant extracts for managing Moringa fruit fly, Gitona distigma (Meigon). Dhaliwal, GS, Arora, R, Randhawa, NS, Dhawan, AK (Eds): Ecological Agriculture and Sustainable Development: Volume 2. Proceedings of International Conference on Ecological Agriculture: Towards Sustainable Development, Chandigarh, India, 15-17 November, 1997: 250-26. Ragumoorthi, KN, Rao, PVS 1998b IPM for moringa fruitfly Gitona distigma (Meigon) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Reddy, PP, Kumar, NKK, Verghese, A (Eds) Advances in IPM for horticultural crops. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Pest Management in Horticultural Crops: Environmental Implications and Thrusts, Bangalore, India, 15-17 October 1997: 140-144. Ragumoorthy, KN, Selvaraj, KN, Rao, PVS 1998. Assessment of economic injury level (EIL) for moringa fruitfly Gitona distigma (Meigon) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Reddy, PP, Kumar, NKK, Verghese, A (Eds) Advances in IPM for horticultural crops. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Pest Management in Horticultural Crops: Environmental Implications and Thrusts, Bangalore, India, 15- 17 October 1997. 137-139. Rana, JS, Parkash, O, Verma, SK 1992. Biology of guava fruit fly infesting guava fruits in Haryana and influence of temperature and relative humidity on its incidence. Crop Research (Hisar) 5: 525-529. Rana, JS, Parkash, O, Verma, SK 1993. Fecundity and longevity of guava fruit fly, Dacus zonatus Saunders, on different diets. Indian Journal of Ecology 20: 189-190. Ranganath, HR, Suryanarayana, MA, Veenakumari, K 1997. Papaya a new host record of carambola fruit fly Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew and Hancock. Insect Environment 3: 37. Rao, MS, Das, ND, Sankar, GRM 1995. Chemical control of ber fruitfly, Carpomyia vesuviana. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 3: 164-190. Raveloson-Ravaomanarivo, LH 1996. Ecologie et Biologies des Mouches des Fruits (Diptera: Tephritidae) à Madagascar. Unpublis hed PhD Thesis, University of Madagascar, Antananarivo. 81pp. Reddy, AV 1997. Evaluation of certain new insecticides against cucurbit fruit fly (Dacus cucurbitae Coq) on bittergourd. Annals of Agricultural Research 18: 252-254. Reghunath, P, Indira, M. 2000. Fruit fly trap made from basil. ILEIA Newsletter 9(3): 31. http://echonet.org/azillus/azch8ins.htm Rhoades, RE 1982. The Art of the Informal Agricultural Survey. Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) Social Science Department Training Document 1982 2. Lima, Peru: CIP. 40pp. Rhode, RH, Sanchez, R 1982. Field evaluation of McPhail and gallon plastic tub traps against the Mexican fruit fly. Southwestern Entomologist 7: 98-100. Richardson, J 2000. Catching flies with vinegar and honey. http://echonet.org/azillus/azch8ins.htm. 16/11. Rossler, Y 1989. Insecticidal bait and cover sprays. Robinson, AS, Hooper, G (Eds): Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control (Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier World Crop Pests 3A&B): 337- 45. Saikia, DK, Dutta, SK 1997. Efficacy of some insecticides and plant products against fruit fly, Dacus tau (Walker) on ridge gourd, Luffa acutangula L. Journal of the Agricultural Science Society of North East India 10: 132-135. Samalo, AP, Beshra, RC, Satpathy, CR 1991. Studies on comparative biology of the melon fruitfly, Dacus cucurbitae Coq. Orissa Journal of Agricultural Research 4: 1-5. Samalo, AP, Satapathy, CR, Behera, RC, Samal, T 1995. Chemical control of the melon fruit fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coq. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Current Agricultural Research 8: 131-135. Sangwan, MS, Lakra, RK 1992. Effect of temperature and soil depth levels on pupae of jujube fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana Costa. Journal of Insect Science 5: 80-81. Saravaiya, SN, Patel, MB, Patel, CB, Desai,HR, Patel, JR 1998. Bioefficacy of different insecticides against fruitfly Carpomyia vesuviana Costa (Tephritidae: Diptera). Gujarat Agricultural University Research Journal 24: 101-103. Sasidharan Pillai, K, Reghunath, P, Krishna Kumar R, Mohan Das 1991. Relative efficacy of different bases for the trapping of adults of Dacus cucurbitae Coq. Proceedings of the Kerala Science Congress, February- March 1991, Kozhikode: 174-5. Schirra, M 1999. Advances in Postharvest Diseases and Disorders Control of Citrus Fruit. 161pp. Segrè, A, Lunati, F, Brandani, A 1998. Global horticultural impact: Fruits and vegetables in developing countries. In: World Conference on Horticultural Research, 17-20 June Rome, Italy. 10pp +14 tabs + 6 figs. http://pop/agrsci.unibo.it/wchr/wc1/segre.html 76
Sharma, VP, Lal, OP, Rohidas, SB, Pramanick, PK 1998. Varietal resistance in ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) against the fruitfly Carpomyia vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae) under field conditions. Journal of Entomological Research 22: 61-67. Shivendra Singh, Singh RP 1998 Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel extracts and azadirachtin as oviposition deterrents against the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) and the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). Phytoparasitica 26: 191-197. Shukla, RP, Prasad, VG 1985. Population fluctuations of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel in relation to hosts and abiotic factors. Tropical Pest Management 31: 273-5. Shukla, RP, Prasad, VG, Tandon, PL 1984. Effectiveness of different insecticides against oriental fruitfly Dacus dorsalis Hendel. Indian Journal of Horticulture 41: 307-9. Singh, Gajendra 1990. Insect pests of mango. Chadha, KL, Pareek, OP (Eds) Advances in Horticulture 3: 1481- 1500. Singh, S, Kumar, P, Brahmachari, VS, Singh, DN, 1995. Effect of preharvest spray of GA3 and Ethrel on storage life of mango cv. Amrapalli. Orissa Journal of Horticulture 23: 112-118. Singh, SP 1997. Fruit flies and their management. Indian Horticulture April-June: 35-7. Sinha, Purnima, Saxena, SK 1999. Effect of culture filtrates of three fungi in different combination on the development of the fruit fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coq. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 7: 96-99. Sokal, RR, Rohlf, FJ 1995. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. New York, NY, USA: W.H. Freeman. Third edition. 887pp. Soman, M, Raghunath, P, Gokulapalan, C 1999. Ecofriendly management of sucking pests of bittergourd. LEISA India Supplement 1.2: 19. Sood,P, Nath, A 1998. Evaluation of insecticide baits for the control of fruit fly, Bactrocera tau (Walker) in the mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Hill Research 11: 171-177. Sood, P, Nath, A 1999. Fruit flies associated with cucurbits in Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Hill Research 12: 52- 54. Srivastava, RP 1997. Mango Insect Pest Management. 272pp. Srinavasan, K 1993. Pests of vegetable crops and their control. Chadha, KL, Calloo, G (Eds) Advances in Horticulture 6: 860-86. Stoll, G 2000. Natural Crop Protection in the Tropics: Letting Information come to Life. 2 nd edition. Weikersheim, Germany: Margraf. 376pp. Stonehouse, JM 1995. Pesticides, thresholds and the small tropical farmer. Insect Science and its Application 16: 259-62. Stonehouse, JM 2001. Current fruit fly fesearch around the world - an overview. Price, Seewooruthun (Eds): 143-146. Stonehouse, JM, Manrakhan, A, Mumford, JD (In prep.). Penetration of a trap barrier by adult Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Stonehouse, JM, Mumford, JD, Mustafa, G 1998. Economic losses to Tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection 17, 159-164. Stonehouse, JM, Stravens, R, Bonne, G, Fowler, SV, Gopaul, S 2001. Fruit fly host distribution and infestation in Seychelles. Price, Seewooruthun (Eds): 55 - 58. Stonehouse, JM, Zia, Q, Mahmood, R, Poswal, A, Mumford, JD (In press) "Single-killing-point" laboratory assessments of bait controls of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection. In press. Appendix IV.A. Stonehouse, JM, Afzal, M, Zia, Q, Mumford, JD, Poswal, A, Mahmood, R (In press) "Single-killing-point" field assessments of bait and lure controls of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection. In press. Appendix IV.B. Stonehouse, JM, Mahmood, R, Poswal, A, Mumford, JD, Baloch, KN, Chaudhary, ZM, Makhdum, AH, Mustafa, G, Huggett, D (In press) Farm field assessments of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Pakistan: Distribution, damage and control. Crop Protection. In press. Appendix IV.C. Stravens, R, Gopaul, S, Fowler, SV, Stonehouse, JM 2001. Experimental evaluation of fruit fly assessment and control methods in Seychelles. Price, Seewooruthun (Eds): 49-53. Stride, B 1996. More melons, more rage: How to bait a melon fly. Aina: UN Afghan Magazine 2 (September): 15- 16. Tamhankar, AJ, Rajendran, TP, Mamdapur, VR 2001. Evaluation of a pheromone trap for the cotton pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders. International Journal of Pest Management 47: 79-80. Tandon, PL, Verghese, A 1996. Pest management in mango. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research Annual Report 1995-96: 81-2. 77
Page 1 and 2:
Dear Colleague, Integrated Manageme
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each zone will be divided by the to
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Sheet 2. Production and fruit fly l
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Product: Muskmelon Himalayan Highla
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Product: Snake Gourd Himalayan High
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Palanpur Pumpkin 2 Anand Bitter Gou
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Navsari Thiruvananthapuram
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The power of parapheromones. This I
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Cluster “Western” “Southern
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Indian fruit fly control and the So
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INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLIE
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They used to be nearer Ahmedabad, a
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FRUIT FLY CONTROL: SPRAYS (i) Spray
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fruit borer, little leaf (a mycopla
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ores the vine from tender portion,
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(DDVP). He is applying both ME and
Page 37 and 38:
CROPS He said that he is growing bi
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that spraying insecticides is only
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vegetables not by having greater wa
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advantage of bitter gourd? He start
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isk of complete failure of crop. Am
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FF MANAGEMENT He said that he using
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eady-to-harvest fruits. Farmers los
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Gandevi. #G008 DATE: 03/01/04 TEAM:
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#R004 DATE:08/03 TEAM: JT/CVV. He i
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he has found this as very reasonabl
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improving the fertility condition o
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50 cents, banana intercropped in co
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with grass. When the field is left
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sells his own produce. CROPS He gro
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it. When JS mimes a jumping FF magg
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other pests). RICE AND ITS PESTS In
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(mother) feed voraciously on leaf l
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yellow and drop. On opening of the
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including semilooper because fruit
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off prematurely from plants. Thus p
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PEST: FRUIT FLIES Losses: Bitter go
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PEST: SEMILOOPER Creates problems i
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semi looper pest bitter gourd at an
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FRUIT FLIES July sown crop suffers
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LEAF CURL He said that this serious
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only own farm total area five ha. N
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PEST 1 - MANGO HOPPER is number one
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PROJECT MEMORANDUM on behalf of the
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4. Starting and finishing dates 1 J
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Fruit flies, although a serious pes
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Department of Agricultural Extensio
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SECTION C: SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 17
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Pakistan-UK Fruit Fly Project 1998-
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This will connect the field researc
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Narrative Summary Goal Objectively
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YEAR 2 2002-2003 MONTH Activity A M
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Table I.2. Subjectively-derived syn
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Jujube 3 - S Bawal Dashad et al. (1
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Appendix II. Scientific Research on
Page 115 and 116: Museum has B. dorsalis specimens re
Page 117 and 118: and if neem can be used in attracta
Page 119 and 120: coast. In the Faisalabad area attac
Page 121 and 122: elative, and offer little real comm
Page 123 and 124: Appendix III. Work Plan ACTIVITIES
Page 125 and 126: 1.1.4: Tabulation of Controls Findi
Page 127 and 128: other methods. In fields where loss
Page 129 and 130: In addition to the Key Informant Su
Page 131 and 132: killing points”, and these techni
Page 133 and 134: tiers. It is proposed to replace th
Page 135 and 136: general benefit. Socially-cooperati
Page 137 and 138: greater than the sum of their parts
Page 139 and 140: Appendix IV. Prior Scientific Paper
Page 141 and 142: vi - Value of cucurbit extract comp
Page 143 and 144: Methods The assessment of BAT and M
Page 145 and 146: surfaces - cotton cloth, plastic sh
Page 147 and 148: Table IV.B.4. Mean total catches (N
Page 149 and 150: Table IV.B.9. Catches over four to
Page 151 and 152: Many improvements may be made to th
Page 153 and 154: economic damage per fly will be gre
Page 155 and 156: Table IV.C.1. Fruit infestation ass
Page 157 and 158: factors (ecoregion, year, season, w
Page 159 and 160: Infestation (%) ANOVA F Tree Mean 3
Page 161 and 162: Appendix V. References Afzal, M, Ma
Page 163 and 164: Jalaluddin, SM, Natarajan, K, Sadak
Page 165: cucurbitae Coquillett) in cucumber.
Page 169 and 170: Project Integrated Management of Fr
Page 171 and 172: Section 1: Indian Fruit and Vegetab
Page 173 and 174: Section 2: Indian Production of Fru
Page 175 and 176: Section 4: Fruit Fly Species Report
Page 177 and 178: 56 Gastrozona balioptera 57 G. fasc
Page 179 and 180: 114 P. tetrica 115 Indacilira basiv
Page 181 and 182: Section 5: Hosts of Tephritid Fruit
Page 183 and 184: 56 Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Cu
Page 185 and 186: 118 Physalis peruviana Solanaceae C
Page 187 and 188: Bactrocera sp. T. dioica Mondouri,
Page 189 and 190: B. cucurbitae Mogekai Karnataka Kum
Page 191 and 192: B. carambolae Andaman Islands Ranga
Page 193 and 194: Jujube 20 20 60 40 N Gujarat xi,xii
Page 195 and 196: Mango 9.8 9.8 10 10 10 N Kanpur vi
Page 197 and 198: Cucumber 6.2 6.2 6 6 6 S South Anda
Page 199 and 200: Section 8: Population Dynamics and
Page 201 and 202: B. dorsalis Mango Kanpur, Uttar Pra
Page 203 and 204: C. vesuviana Jujube Haryana Lakra a
Page 205 and 206: Meridarchis scyrodes, Carpomyia ves
Page 207 and 208: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Thakur e
Page 209 and 210: B. cucurbitae C melo, C callosus B.
Page 211 and 212: B. correcta Guava Jalaluddin and 19
Page 213 and 214: B. cucurbitae 82 cucurbits Nath et
Page 215 and 216: B. cucurbitae Singh et al. 2000 The
Page 217 and 218:
B. cucurbitae Gowda et al. 1979 An
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B. cucurbitae Kaur and Srivastava B
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B. dorsalis Srivastava et al. 1989
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B. dorsalis Prasad and Sethi 1981 T
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Section 12: Natural Enemies Host En
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Section 13: Cultural Controls Fly H
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B. cucurbitae Bhagat and Koul B. cu
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B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Gupta an
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B. zonata Peach Himachal Pradesh B.
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B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Mote 197
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B. cucurbitae Ccumber, ridge gourd
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Zaprionus paravittiger [Z. indianus
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B. zonata Apple, peach Solan, Himac
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B. cucurbitae B. cucurbitae B. cucu
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Section 16: Pheromone and Colour Lu
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B. dorsalis Mango Pantnagar Uttar P
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B. cucurbitae Snake gourd Banglades
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Bagle, B.G. Prasad, V.G. 1983 Effec
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Borah, S.R. Dutta, S.K. 1997 Infest
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Drew, R.A.I. Raghu, S. 2002 The fru
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Gupta, K. Anand, M. 2002 Effect of
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Kapoor, V.C. Grewal, J.S. Agarwal,
Page 261 and 262:
KrishnaMoorthy, P.N. Srinivasan, K.
Page 263 and 264:
Nair, S. Thomas, J. 2001 Ovipositio
Page 265 and 266:
Patel, R.K. Patel, C.B. 1998 Biolog
Page 267 and 268:
Rahman, S Singh, S.P.N. Agarwal, M.
Page 269 and 270:
Shivarkar, D.T. Dumbre, R.B. 1985 B
Page 271 and 272:
Srivastava, B.G. Pant, N.C. Chaudhr
Page 273 and 274:
Wadhwani, K. Khan, N.H. 1983 Effect
Page 275 and 276:
Anon. 1994 Distribution Maps of Pes
Page 277 and 278:
Anon. 1998 Population dynamics of B
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