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Section 17: Baits Fly Host Location Authors Year Summary B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Bihar Lall and Singh B. zonata Mango Pusa, Bihar Agarwal and Kumar B. zonata North Bihar Agarwal et al. B. dorsalis, B. cucurbitae B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd B. cucurbitae Long melon Haryana Gupta and Verma Rajasthan Kavadia et al. B. dorsalis Pusa, Bihar Kumar and Agarwal 1969 In tests of bait-traps, in which various combinations of fermented palm juice, sugar, dried mango juice and oil of citronella were mixed with 10% diazinon, the catches of flies were highest with mixtures of either citronella oil, dried mango juice, palm juice and diazinon or sugar, palm juice and diazinon. 1999 Eight poisonous bait and attractant combinations were used in steiner types traps for the annililation of adult peach fruit flies. Of these the treatment comprising methyl eugenol (2ml) mango pulp (20g) and malathion 50EC (1ml) resulted in maximum trapping of flies. 1995 Three different combinations of the attractant methyl eugenol, bait (protein hydrolysate) and malathion 50 EC were used in trapping males. Methyl eugenol mixed with bait and malathion was significantly superior for trapping males as compared with other combinations, i.e. methyl eugenol & malathion and bait & malathion. Doharey 1983 Fenithothion applied in bait was the most effective compound, resulting in 100% mortality of both species 24h after treatment with the lower concentration (0.03%). 1982 Spray of Fenitrothion in combination with protein hydrolysate or molasses gave the most effective control. 1977 The effects of malathion and carbaryl with or without the attractant gur were evaluated. Carbaryl was found to be superior to malathion in reducing infestation. Mixing gur with the insecticides increased infestation. 1998 Out of different bait combinations the maximum number of male flies was trapped by 20ml ripe mango pulp + Methyl eugenol (2ml) + Malathion 50EC (1ml) followed by 20 ml fermented palm juice + methyl eugenal (2ml) + Malathion 50EC (1ml). B. cucurbitae Kumar et al. 1976 A mixture of jackfruit pulp, citronella oil and malathion was the most effective bait. B. dorsalis Guava Punjab Mann 1996 The efficacy of 3 insecticide schedules (5, 3 and 2 sprays) with or without protein hydrolysate bait spray at intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days was evaluated against B. dorsalis infesting guava in the Punjab, India. Fenvalerate (0.05%) with protein hydrolysate (Protinex 0.15%), and fenthion (0.1%) with or without protein hydrolysate were most effective in controlling fruit fly incidence at all spray intervals. The incidence was lower in the 5-spray schedule given at weekly intervals as compared to 3-spray schedule at 14-day and 2spray schedule at 21-day intervals. Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 80 of 110
B. cucurbitae Snake gourd Bangladesh Nasiruddin and Karim 1992 A bait trap (0.5g Dipterex 80SP per 100g sweet gourd flesh), an insecticide spray (0.1% Dipterex 80SP + 100g molasses per litre of water ) offered stastically similar levels of control of the fruit fly attacking snake gourd and kept the pest infestation within 4.9-8.6% as compared to 22.5% in the untreated control in farmers field. The catches of fruit fly in bait traps were of 1.6 times more females than males. B. cucurbitae Gourd Thrivandrum Pillai et al. 1991 Palayankodan banana fruit impregnated with carbofuran at the cut surface was found very effective in trapping and can be used as a good tool for management systems at a lesser cost. B. tau Ridge gourd Jorhat, Assam Saikia and Dutta Sasidharan et al.* B. cucurbitae Satpathy and Rai B. dorsalis Mango Pantnagar, Uttar Pradesh B. tau Sunandita and Gupta B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd 1997 Fenvalerate at 0.02% with 1% molasses was the best of 15 treatments tested against B. tau on ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula). The plant products Multineem [a preparation from Azadirachta indica] and Polygonum hydropiper leaf extract at different doses were less effective than fenvalerate, cypermethrin and malathion. Multineem, however, proved to be superior to P. hydropiper in suppressing attack by the pest. The treatments with molasses were more effective than those without molasses. 1991 In bait plantain fruit was found superior to jaggery, honey and molases. 2002 Efficiency of indigenous food baits for attracting the adults of B. cucurbitae infesting bitter gourd, Momordica charantia, was assessed under field conditions. The bait containing pulp of overripe banana (1kg) + Furadan [carbofuran] (10g) + citric acid (1g) was best in luring the fruit fly adults during peak activity period of the pest. However, addition of sweet basil [Ocimum basilicum] leaf extract reduced the attractiveness of the bait. The bait remained effective up to 10 days after installation in the field. Singh et al. 1997 In trials of bait traps, mango juice (5%) was the most effective bait in reducing damage to fruits (36.6% in physiologically mature and 17% in dropped fruits). Verma and Sinha 2001 The attractant-bait mixture containing boric acid-borax (3:1) as toxicant, protein hydrolysate (4%) as attractant in water, when fed to five-day-old adults of fruit fly, B. tau, kept in rearing cages in the laboratory, caused 40-98.3 per cent mortality after 24h of exposure with different concentrations (1-12%) of the toxicant. The LC50 value was calculated to be 1.95. The bait mixture remained effective up to a week and when sprayed on tomato plants caused phytotoxicity, above 2 per cent concentration of the toxicant, within 24h. 1977 50 g/l sugar was added to the insecticide sprays used for controlling fruit fly. Endosulfan and carbaryl were the most effective insecticides. Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 81 of 110
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Dear Colleague, Integrated Manageme
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each zone will be divided by the to
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Sheet 2. Production and fruit fly l
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Product: Muskmelon Himalayan Highla
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Product: Snake Gourd Himalayan High
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Palanpur Pumpkin 2 Anand Bitter Gou
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Navsari Thiruvananthapuram
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The power of parapheromones. This I
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Cluster “Western” “Southern
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Indian fruit fly control and the So
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INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLIE
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They used to be nearer Ahmedabad, a
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FRUIT FLY CONTROL: SPRAYS (i) Spray
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fruit borer, little leaf (a mycopla
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ores the vine from tender portion,
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(DDVP). He is applying both ME and
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CROPS He said that he is growing bi
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that spraying insecticides is only
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vegetables not by having greater wa
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advantage of bitter gourd? He start
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isk of complete failure of crop. Am
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FF MANAGEMENT He said that he using
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eady-to-harvest fruits. Farmers los
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Gandevi. #G008 DATE: 03/01/04 TEAM:
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#R004 DATE:08/03 TEAM: JT/CVV. He i
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he has found this as very reasonabl
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improving the fertility condition o
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50 cents, banana intercropped in co
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with grass. When the field is left
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sells his own produce. CROPS He gro
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it. When JS mimes a jumping FF magg
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other pests). RICE AND ITS PESTS In
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(mother) feed voraciously on leaf l
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yellow and drop. On opening of the
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including semilooper because fruit
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off prematurely from plants. Thus p
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PEST: FRUIT FLIES Losses: Bitter go
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PEST: SEMILOOPER Creates problems i
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semi looper pest bitter gourd at an
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FRUIT FLIES July sown crop suffers
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LEAF CURL He said that this serious
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only own farm total area five ha. N
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PEST 1 - MANGO HOPPER is number one
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PROJECT MEMORANDUM on behalf of the
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4. Starting and finishing dates 1 J
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Fruit flies, although a serious pes
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Department of Agricultural Extensio
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SECTION C: SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 17
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Pakistan-UK Fruit Fly Project 1998-
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This will connect the field researc
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Narrative Summary Goal Objectively
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YEAR 2 2002-2003 MONTH Activity A M
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Table I.2. Subjectively-derived syn
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Jujube 3 - S Bawal Dashad et al. (1
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Appendix II. Scientific Research on
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Museum has B. dorsalis specimens re
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and if neem can be used in attracta
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coast. In the Faisalabad area attac
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elative, and offer little real comm
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Appendix III. Work Plan ACTIVITIES
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1.1.4: Tabulation of Controls Findi
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other methods. In fields where loss
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In addition to the Key Informant Su
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killing points”, and these techni
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tiers. It is proposed to replace th
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general benefit. Socially-cooperati
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greater than the sum of their parts
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Appendix IV. Prior Scientific Paper
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vi - Value of cucurbit extract comp
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Methods The assessment of BAT and M
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surfaces - cotton cloth, plastic sh
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Table IV.B.4. Mean total catches (N
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Table IV.B.9. Catches over four to
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Many improvements may be made to th
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economic damage per fly will be gre
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Table IV.C.1. Fruit infestation ass
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factors (ecoregion, year, season, w
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Infestation (%) ANOVA F Tree Mean 3
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Appendix V. References Afzal, M, Ma
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Jalaluddin, SM, Natarajan, K, Sadak
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cucurbitae Coquillett) in cucumber.
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Sharma, VP, Lal, OP, Rohidas, SB, P
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Project Integrated Management of Fr
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Section 1: Indian Fruit and Vegetab
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Section 2: Indian Production of Fru
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Section 4: Fruit Fly Species Report
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56 Gastrozona balioptera 57 G. fasc
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114 P. tetrica 115 Indacilira basiv
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Section 5: Hosts of Tephritid Fruit
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56 Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Cu
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118 Physalis peruviana Solanaceae C
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Bactrocera sp. T. dioica Mondouri,
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B. cucurbitae Mogekai Karnataka Kum
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B. carambolae Andaman Islands Ranga
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Jujube 20 20 60 40 N Gujarat xi,xii
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Mango 9.8 9.8 10 10 10 N Kanpur vi
Page 197 and 198: Cucumber 6.2 6.2 6 6 6 S South Anda
Page 199 and 200: Section 8: Population Dynamics and
Page 201 and 202: B. dorsalis Mango Kanpur, Uttar Pra
Page 203 and 204: C. vesuviana Jujube Haryana Lakra a
Page 205 and 206: Meridarchis scyrodes, Carpomyia ves
Page 207 and 208: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Thakur e
Page 209 and 210: B. cucurbitae C melo, C callosus B.
Page 211 and 212: B. correcta Guava Jalaluddin and 19
Page 213 and 214: B. cucurbitae 82 cucurbits Nath et
Page 215 and 216: B. cucurbitae Singh et al. 2000 The
Page 217 and 218: B. cucurbitae Gowda et al. 1979 An
Page 219 and 220: B. cucurbitae Kaur and Srivastava B
Page 221 and 222: B. dorsalis Srivastava et al. 1989
Page 223 and 224: B. dorsalis Prasad and Sethi 1981 T
Page 225 and 226: Section 12: Natural Enemies Host En
Page 227 and 228: Section 13: Cultural Controls Fly H
Page 229 and 230: B. cucurbitae Bhagat and Koul B. cu
Page 231 and 232: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Gupta an
Page 233 and 234: B. zonata Peach Himachal Pradesh B.
Page 235 and 236: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Mote 197
Page 237 and 238: B. cucurbitae Ccumber, ridge gourd
Page 239 and 240: Zaprionus paravittiger [Z. indianus
Page 241 and 242: B. zonata Apple, peach Solan, Himac
Page 243 and 244: B. cucurbitae B. cucurbitae B. cucu
Page 245 and 246: Section 16: Pheromone and Colour Lu
Page 247: B. dorsalis Mango Pantnagar Uttar P
Page 251 and 252: Bagle, B.G. Prasad, V.G. 1983 Effec
Page 253 and 254: Borah, S.R. Dutta, S.K. 1997 Infest
Page 255 and 256: Drew, R.A.I. Raghu, S. 2002 The fru
Page 257 and 258: Gupta, K. Anand, M. 2002 Effect of
Page 259 and 260: Kapoor, V.C. Grewal, J.S. Agarwal,
Page 261 and 262: KrishnaMoorthy, P.N. Srinivasan, K.
Page 263 and 264: Nair, S. Thomas, J. 2001 Ovipositio
Page 265 and 266: Patel, R.K. Patel, C.B. 1998 Biolog
Page 267 and 268: Rahman, S Singh, S.P.N. Agarwal, M.
Page 269 and 270: Shivarkar, D.T. Dumbre, R.B. 1985 B
Page 271 and 272: Srivastava, B.G. Pant, N.C. Chaudhr
Page 273 and 274: Wadhwani, K. Khan, N.H. 1983 Effect
Page 275 and 276: Anon. 1994 Distribution Maps of Pes
Page 277 and 278: Anon. 1998 Population dynamics of B
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