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B. dorsalis Thakur and Kumar 1987 Adults were treated with 5, 3, 2, 0.5 or 0.1% thiotepa. Treatment reduced the insemination capacity of males, based on the presence of sperm in the spermathecae of females, by 50%. There was no effect on the male accessory gland fluid. It is suggested that thiotepa has no adverse effect on normal mating behaviour in this species B. dorsalis Himachal Pradesh Thakur and Kumar 1988 The sterilant effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) on B. dorsalis were studied in the laboratory, using insects collected from the field in Himachal Pradesh. Aqueous and acetone solutions both induced significant sterility in both sexes, but the aqueous solution was most effective. B. dorsalis Thakur and Kumar 1988 Newly emerged females topically treated with thiotepa at 0.5 and 1.0% had smaller ovaries than untreated flies. The reduction in size, however, was not dose dependent. Histological examinations showed that thiotepa caused contraction, vacuolization and degeneration of the ooplasm leading the arrest of yolk formation and subsequent immaturation of the oocytes. B. dorsalis Thakur and Kumar 1988 The chemosterilant thiotepa caused significant reduction in testis size when applied topically to newly emerged adult males of the tephritid B. dorsalis [B. dorsalis] at s a dose of 1 mul per fly and a concn. of 0.1 or 0.5%. The reduction in testis size was not dose-dependent, and was increasingly apparent as days after treatment increased. B. cucurbitae Wadhwani and Khan 1983 Studies were carried out to determine the effects of sublethal doses of toxic baits on the reproductive potential of B. cucurbitae Coq. There was a significant increase in the preoviposition period and a reduction in fecundity when adults were fed on baits containing sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate or malathion. With baits containing dieldrin or carbaryl (Sevin), pesticidal stress was apparent in 3rd-generation adults. Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 76 of 110
Section 16: Pheromone and Colour Lures Fly Host Location Authors Date Summary B. zonata Mango Pusa, Bihar Agarwal and Kumar 1999 Eight poisonous bait and attractant combinations were used in steiner types traps for the annililation of adult peach fruit flies. Of these the treatment comprising methyl eugenol (2ml) mango pulp (20g) and malathion 50EC (1ml) resulted in maximum trapping of flies. B. zonata North Bihar Agarwal et al. 1995 Three different combinations of the attractant methyl eugenol, bait (protein hydrolysate) and malathion 50 EC were used in trapping males. Methyl eugenol mixed with bait and malathion was significantly superior for trapping males as compared with other combinations, i.e. methyl eugenol & malathion and bait & malathion. B. dorsalis Plum, mandarin orange B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Vellayani (Andhra Pradesh) Tamil Nadu Balasubramanium et al. B. spp. Ridge gourd Maharastra Desmukh and Patil B. dorsalis Mango Tamil Nadu Lakshmanan et al. B. dorsalis Guava Jammu and Kashmir B. zonata, B. dorsalis, B. correcta 1972 Use of traps baited with 1% methyl eugenol and containing 0.5% malathion reduced D. dorsalis infestation in a plum orchard from 23 to 3% in 36 months. In a mandarin orange orchard infestation was reduced from 14.3 to 0.5% in 15 months. Dale and Jiji 1997 Studies on pheromone trapping for the management of melon fly showed negative correlation between melon flies trapped and the percentages of damaged bitter gourd fruits. Makhmoor and Singh 1996 The fruit fly trap (Trap-F) with methyl eugenol @ 3 ml/trap and baited with 0.05% cent dichlorvos (DDVP) was found the most effective and economical treatment against fruit flies (B. spp.) with the lowest percentage of fruit infestation, maximum yield and net returns/ha and greatest cost benefit ratio (1:47.8). 1973 Methyl eugenol used at 1% with 0.1% carbaryl and the traps replenished monthly gave effective control in a mango orchard. 1998 Concentration of 1% methyl eugenol was the most effective with dichlorvos. Sapota Gujarat Patel and Patel 1998 A trap consisting of a plastic jar, a plastic funnel and a cotton swab impregnated with 5 drops of methyl eugenol as attractant in a glass Petri dish caught a total of 49.36 male fruit flies in a sapota [Manilkara zapota, sapodilla] orchard in Gujarat. They belonged to the species B. zonata, B. dorsata and B. correcta. B. ciliatus Sapota Southern Gujrat Patel and Patel 1995 Efficacy of a modified trap (Methyl eugenol alone) with the conventional bait trap (Methyl eugenol + DDNP) for trapping fruit flies was evaluated. The modified trap proved to be equally effective in trapping the fruit flies without extra cost; also the trap involves no use of insecticide so it is ecofriendly too. B. ciliatus, B. zonata, B. dorasta Little gourd Gujarat Patel and Patel 1998 Study on efficacy of methyl eugenol trap against fruit flies were carried out and found that methyl eugenol was not effective to attract Dacus ciliatus. On the other hand large number of adults of B. zonata and dorsalis were attracted tomethyl eugenol. Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 77 of 110
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Dear Colleague, Integrated Manageme
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each zone will be divided by the to
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Sheet 2. Production and fruit fly l
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Product: Muskmelon Himalayan Highla
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Product: Snake Gourd Himalayan High
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Palanpur Pumpkin 2 Anand Bitter Gou
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Navsari Thiruvananthapuram
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The power of parapheromones. This I
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Cluster “Western” “Southern
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Indian fruit fly control and the So
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INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLIE
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They used to be nearer Ahmedabad, a
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FRUIT FLY CONTROL: SPRAYS (i) Spray
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fruit borer, little leaf (a mycopla
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ores the vine from tender portion,
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(DDVP). He is applying both ME and
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CROPS He said that he is growing bi
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that spraying insecticides is only
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vegetables not by having greater wa
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advantage of bitter gourd? He start
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isk of complete failure of crop. Am
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FF MANAGEMENT He said that he using
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eady-to-harvest fruits. Farmers los
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Gandevi. #G008 DATE: 03/01/04 TEAM:
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#R004 DATE:08/03 TEAM: JT/CVV. He i
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he has found this as very reasonabl
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improving the fertility condition o
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50 cents, banana intercropped in co
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with grass. When the field is left
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sells his own produce. CROPS He gro
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it. When JS mimes a jumping FF magg
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other pests). RICE AND ITS PESTS In
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(mother) feed voraciously on leaf l
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yellow and drop. On opening of the
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including semilooper because fruit
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off prematurely from plants. Thus p
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PEST: FRUIT FLIES Losses: Bitter go
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PEST: SEMILOOPER Creates problems i
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semi looper pest bitter gourd at an
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FRUIT FLIES July sown crop suffers
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LEAF CURL He said that this serious
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only own farm total area five ha. N
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PEST 1 - MANGO HOPPER is number one
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PROJECT MEMORANDUM on behalf of the
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4. Starting and finishing dates 1 J
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Fruit flies, although a serious pes
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Department of Agricultural Extensio
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SECTION C: SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 17
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Pakistan-UK Fruit Fly Project 1998-
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This will connect the field researc
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Narrative Summary Goal Objectively
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YEAR 2 2002-2003 MONTH Activity A M
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Table I.2. Subjectively-derived syn
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Jujube 3 - S Bawal Dashad et al. (1
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Appendix II. Scientific Research on
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Museum has B. dorsalis specimens re
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and if neem can be used in attracta
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coast. In the Faisalabad area attac
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elative, and offer little real comm
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Appendix III. Work Plan ACTIVITIES
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1.1.4: Tabulation of Controls Findi
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other methods. In fields where loss
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In addition to the Key Informant Su
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killing points”, and these techni
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tiers. It is proposed to replace th
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general benefit. Socially-cooperati
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greater than the sum of their parts
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Appendix IV. Prior Scientific Paper
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vi - Value of cucurbit extract comp
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Methods The assessment of BAT and M
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surfaces - cotton cloth, plastic sh
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Table IV.B.4. Mean total catches (N
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Table IV.B.9. Catches over four to
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Many improvements may be made to th
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economic damage per fly will be gre
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Table IV.C.1. Fruit infestation ass
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factors (ecoregion, year, season, w
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Infestation (%) ANOVA F Tree Mean 3
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Appendix V. References Afzal, M, Ma
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Jalaluddin, SM, Natarajan, K, Sadak
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cucurbitae Coquillett) in cucumber.
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Sharma, VP, Lal, OP, Rohidas, SB, P
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Project Integrated Management of Fr
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Section 1: Indian Fruit and Vegetab
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Section 2: Indian Production of Fru
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Section 4: Fruit Fly Species Report
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56 Gastrozona balioptera 57 G. fasc
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114 P. tetrica 115 Indacilira basiv
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Section 5: Hosts of Tephritid Fruit
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56 Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Cu
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118 Physalis peruviana Solanaceae C
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Bactrocera sp. T. dioica Mondouri,
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B. cucurbitae Mogekai Karnataka Kum
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B. carambolae Andaman Islands Ranga
Page 193 and 194: Jujube 20 20 60 40 N Gujarat xi,xii
Page 195 and 196: Mango 9.8 9.8 10 10 10 N Kanpur vi
Page 197 and 198: Cucumber 6.2 6.2 6 6 6 S South Anda
Page 199 and 200: Section 8: Population Dynamics and
Page 201 and 202: B. dorsalis Mango Kanpur, Uttar Pra
Page 203 and 204: C. vesuviana Jujube Haryana Lakra a
Page 205 and 206: Meridarchis scyrodes, Carpomyia ves
Page 207 and 208: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Thakur e
Page 209 and 210: B. cucurbitae C melo, C callosus B.
Page 211 and 212: B. correcta Guava Jalaluddin and 19
Page 213 and 214: B. cucurbitae 82 cucurbits Nath et
Page 215 and 216: B. cucurbitae Singh et al. 2000 The
Page 217 and 218: B. cucurbitae Gowda et al. 1979 An
Page 219 and 220: B. cucurbitae Kaur and Srivastava B
Page 221 and 222: B. dorsalis Srivastava et al. 1989
Page 223 and 224: B. dorsalis Prasad and Sethi 1981 T
Page 225 and 226: Section 12: Natural Enemies Host En
Page 227 and 228: Section 13: Cultural Controls Fly H
Page 229 and 230: B. cucurbitae Bhagat and Koul B. cu
Page 231 and 232: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Gupta an
Page 233 and 234: B. zonata Peach Himachal Pradesh B.
Page 235 and 236: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Mote 197
Page 237 and 238: B. cucurbitae Ccumber, ridge gourd
Page 239 and 240: Zaprionus paravittiger [Z. indianus
Page 241 and 242: B. zonata Apple, peach Solan, Himac
Page 243: B. cucurbitae B. cucurbitae B. cucu
Page 247 and 248: B. dorsalis Mango Pantnagar Uttar P
Page 249 and 250: B. cucurbitae Snake gourd Banglades
Page 251 and 252: Bagle, B.G. Prasad, V.G. 1983 Effec
Page 253 and 254: Borah, S.R. Dutta, S.K. 1997 Infest
Page 255 and 256: Drew, R.A.I. Raghu, S. 2002 The fru
Page 257 and 258: Gupta, K. Anand, M. 2002 Effect of
Page 259 and 260: Kapoor, V.C. Grewal, J.S. Agarwal,
Page 261 and 262: KrishnaMoorthy, P.N. Srinivasan, K.
Page 263 and 264: Nair, S. Thomas, J. 2001 Ovipositio
Page 265 and 266: Patel, R.K. Patel, C.B. 1998 Biolog
Page 267 and 268: Rahman, S Singh, S.P.N. Agarwal, M.
Page 269 and 270: Shivarkar, D.T. Dumbre, R.B. 1985 B
Page 271 and 272: Srivastava, B.G. Pant, N.C. Chaudhr
Page 273 and 274: Wadhwani, K. Khan, N.H. 1983 Effect
Page 275 and 276: Anon. 1994 Distribution Maps of Pes
Page 277 and 278: Anon. 1998 Population dynamics of B
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