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B. cucurbitae Srivastava et al. 1977 Qualitative studies were carried out on the requirement of larvae of B. cucurbitae Coq. for vitamins of the B complex. Only thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxin and choline chloride were found to be essential for growth and development. B. dorsalis, B. cucurbitae Thomas and Rahalkar 1975 Experiments were carried out determine whether irradiation at the low dose (25 krad) used to delay ripening in mango fruits could prevent adult emergence in two mango pests, B. dorsalis Hend. and D. cucurbitae Coq., and also to determine the susceptibility of these fruit-flies to radiation at different stages of their life-cycle. Eggs, larvae 3-4 days old and pupae 2-3 days old were exposed to 15, 25, 40 or 100 krad gamma -radiation from a 60Co source and afterwards the eggs and larvae were transferred to pieces of mango or pumpkin and the pupae to moist sand. All stages of both species exposed to the 2 higher doses ceased development, except for 30-50% of the larvae treated at 40 krad, which pupated but did not give rise to adults. Exposure of eggs to 15 or 25 krad permitted 40-50 and 25-30% hatch, respectively, as compared with 70-80% for no treatment, but the ensuing larvae had reduced mobility, delayed growth and not more than 50% pupation rate, and there was no survival to the adult stage. Exposed larvae were likewise slow in growth and movement, and although 60-70 and 50% pupated, respectively, no adults emerged. No adults emerged from pupae irradiated at any dose. Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 56 of 110
Section 12: Natural Enemies Host Enemy Nature Location Author Date Summary D. ciliatus O. longicaudatus B. zonata, Chetostoma completum Opius sp., Torymoides kiesenwetteri Parasitoid Coimbatore, South India Vadivelu et al. Parasitoid North India Agarwal and Kapoor Parasitoid Northern India B. dorsalis Opius incisi Parasitoid Burrdwan, West Bengal A. helianthi Menochilus sexmaculatus B. dorsalis, B. zonata Natural enemies Predator Madhya Pradesh Agarwal and Kapoor 1976 Parasite on some South Indian crop pests out of which Biosteres longicaudatus Ashm. (Opius longicaudatus) on Dacus ciliatus Lw. (brevistylus Bez.) has been newly recorded. 1989 The torymid Dimeromicrus kiesenwetteri [Torymoides kiesenwetteri] was found parasitizing pupae of the tephritid Chetostoma completum, a pest of Centaurea cyanus in India. A species of the braconid genus Opius was found parasitizing pupae of the tephritid Bactrocera zonata. 1989 A species of the braconid genus Opius was found parasitizing pupae of the tephritid Bactrocera zonata. Banerjee 1990 During light-trapping the braconid parasitoid Opius incisi, a parasitoid of Bactrocera dorsalis, showed well defined nocturnal activity. Larger numbers of the parasitoid were present in March and August, which was probably due to host distribution and favourable weather conditions prevailing in these 2 months. Cavalloro et al. Chaudhary et al. Predator Jalaluddin et al. 4 spp Kumar and Monga 1983 Over 30 species of hymenopterous parasites of tephritids are reported mainly from India. The hosts include the beneficial tephritids Ensina sonchi (L.), which destroys the weeds Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis and was parasitised by a species of Pteromalus, and Procecidochares utilis Stone (a promising biological control agent against crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum), which was parasitised by Dimeromicrus vibidia (Wlk.) in Nepal. The other hosts are in the genera Dacus, Carpomyia, Acanthiophilus and Chetostoma, and include some well-known pests. 1983 Discovered a coccinellid, Menochilus sexmaculatus feeding on the larvae of the capsule fruit flies, A. helianthi . 1998 In India during 1994-95, the carabid Pheropsophus sobrinus desbordesi [P. hilaris sobrinus] was observed preying on larvae and pupae of B. correcta that fell to the ground. The carabid population peaked in July and August. 1996 In a laboratory study, Zygoballus indica, Lyssomanes sikkimensis, Myrmarachne bengalensis and Lycosa mackenziei showed high preference for Idioscopus sp. and Drosicha mangifera, and moderate preference for Bactrocera dorsalis and B. zonata. Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 57 of 110
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Dear Colleague, Integrated Manageme
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each zone will be divided by the to
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Sheet 2. Production and fruit fly l
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Product: Muskmelon Himalayan Highla
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Product: Snake Gourd Himalayan High
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Palanpur Pumpkin 2 Anand Bitter Gou
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Navsari Thiruvananthapuram
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The power of parapheromones. This I
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Cluster “Western” “Southern
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Indian fruit fly control and the So
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INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLIE
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They used to be nearer Ahmedabad, a
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FRUIT FLY CONTROL: SPRAYS (i) Spray
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fruit borer, little leaf (a mycopla
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ores the vine from tender portion,
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(DDVP). He is applying both ME and
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CROPS He said that he is growing bi
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that spraying insecticides is only
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vegetables not by having greater wa
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advantage of bitter gourd? He start
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isk of complete failure of crop. Am
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FF MANAGEMENT He said that he using
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eady-to-harvest fruits. Farmers los
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Gandevi. #G008 DATE: 03/01/04 TEAM:
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#R004 DATE:08/03 TEAM: JT/CVV. He i
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he has found this as very reasonabl
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improving the fertility condition o
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50 cents, banana intercropped in co
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with grass. When the field is left
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sells his own produce. CROPS He gro
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it. When JS mimes a jumping FF magg
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other pests). RICE AND ITS PESTS In
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(mother) feed voraciously on leaf l
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yellow and drop. On opening of the
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including semilooper because fruit
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off prematurely from plants. Thus p
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PEST: FRUIT FLIES Losses: Bitter go
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PEST: SEMILOOPER Creates problems i
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semi looper pest bitter gourd at an
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FRUIT FLIES July sown crop suffers
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LEAF CURL He said that this serious
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only own farm total area five ha. N
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PEST 1 - MANGO HOPPER is number one
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PROJECT MEMORANDUM on behalf of the
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4. Starting and finishing dates 1 J
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Fruit flies, although a serious pes
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Department of Agricultural Extensio
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SECTION C: SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 17
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Pakistan-UK Fruit Fly Project 1998-
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This will connect the field researc
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Narrative Summary Goal Objectively
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YEAR 2 2002-2003 MONTH Activity A M
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Table I.2. Subjectively-derived syn
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Jujube 3 - S Bawal Dashad et al. (1
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Appendix II. Scientific Research on
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Museum has B. dorsalis specimens re
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and if neem can be used in attracta
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coast. In the Faisalabad area attac
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elative, and offer little real comm
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Appendix III. Work Plan ACTIVITIES
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1.1.4: Tabulation of Controls Findi
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other methods. In fields where loss
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In addition to the Key Informant Su
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killing points”, and these techni
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tiers. It is proposed to replace th
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general benefit. Socially-cooperati
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greater than the sum of their parts
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Appendix IV. Prior Scientific Paper
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vi - Value of cucurbit extract comp
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Methods The assessment of BAT and M
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surfaces - cotton cloth, plastic sh
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Table IV.B.4. Mean total catches (N
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Table IV.B.9. Catches over four to
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Many improvements may be made to th
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economic damage per fly will be gre
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Table IV.C.1. Fruit infestation ass
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factors (ecoregion, year, season, w
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Infestation (%) ANOVA F Tree Mean 3
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Appendix V. References Afzal, M, Ma
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Jalaluddin, SM, Natarajan, K, Sadak
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cucurbitae Coquillett) in cucumber.
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Sharma, VP, Lal, OP, Rohidas, SB, P
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Project Integrated Management of Fr
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Section 1: Indian Fruit and Vegetab
Page 173 and 174: Section 2: Indian Production of Fru
Page 175 and 176: Section 4: Fruit Fly Species Report
Page 177 and 178: 56 Gastrozona balioptera 57 G. fasc
Page 179 and 180: 114 P. tetrica 115 Indacilira basiv
Page 181 and 182: Section 5: Hosts of Tephritid Fruit
Page 183 and 184: 56 Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Cu
Page 185 and 186: 118 Physalis peruviana Solanaceae C
Page 187 and 188: Bactrocera sp. T. dioica Mondouri,
Page 189 and 190: B. cucurbitae Mogekai Karnataka Kum
Page 191 and 192: B. carambolae Andaman Islands Ranga
Page 193 and 194: Jujube 20 20 60 40 N Gujarat xi,xii
Page 195 and 196: Mango 9.8 9.8 10 10 10 N Kanpur vi
Page 197 and 198: Cucumber 6.2 6.2 6 6 6 S South Anda
Page 199 and 200: Section 8: Population Dynamics and
Page 201 and 202: B. dorsalis Mango Kanpur, Uttar Pra
Page 203 and 204: C. vesuviana Jujube Haryana Lakra a
Page 205 and 206: Meridarchis scyrodes, Carpomyia ves
Page 207 and 208: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Thakur e
Page 209 and 210: B. cucurbitae C melo, C callosus B.
Page 211 and 212: B. correcta Guava Jalaluddin and 19
Page 213 and 214: B. cucurbitae 82 cucurbits Nath et
Page 215 and 216: B. cucurbitae Singh et al. 2000 The
Page 217 and 218: B. cucurbitae Gowda et al. 1979 An
Page 219 and 220: B. cucurbitae Kaur and Srivastava B
Page 221 and 222: B. dorsalis Srivastava et al. 1989
Page 223: B. dorsalis Prasad and Sethi 1981 T
Page 227 and 228: Section 13: Cultural Controls Fly H
Page 229 and 230: B. cucurbitae Bhagat and Koul B. cu
Page 231 and 232: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Gupta an
Page 233 and 234: B. zonata Peach Himachal Pradesh B.
Page 235 and 236: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Mote 197
Page 237 and 238: B. cucurbitae Ccumber, ridge gourd
Page 239 and 240: Zaprionus paravittiger [Z. indianus
Page 241 and 242: B. zonata Apple, peach Solan, Himac
Page 243 and 244: B. cucurbitae B. cucurbitae B. cucu
Page 245 and 246: Section 16: Pheromone and Colour Lu
Page 247 and 248: B. dorsalis Mango Pantnagar Uttar P
Page 249 and 250: B. cucurbitae Snake gourd Banglades
Page 251 and 252: Bagle, B.G. Prasad, V.G. 1983 Effec
Page 253 and 254: Borah, S.R. Dutta, S.K. 1997 Infest
Page 255 and 256: Drew, R.A.I. Raghu, S. 2002 The fru
Page 257 and 258: Gupta, K. Anand, M. 2002 Effect of
Page 259 and 260: Kapoor, V.C. Grewal, J.S. Agarwal,
Page 261 and 262: KrishnaMoorthy, P.N. Srinivasan, K.
Page 263 and 264: Nair, S. Thomas, J. 2001 Ovipositio
Page 265 and 266: Patel, R.K. Patel, C.B. 1998 Biolog
Page 267 and 268: Rahman, S Singh, S.P.N. Agarwal, M.
Page 269 and 270: Shivarkar, D.T. Dumbre, R.B. 1985 B
Page 271 and 272: Srivastava, B.G. Pant, N.C. Chaudhr
Page 273 and 274: Wadhwani, K. Khan, N.H. 1983 Effect
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Anon. 1994 Distribution Maps of Pes
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Anon. 1998 Population dynamics of B
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