“Key Informant Survey” of Production, Value, Losses and ... - DfID

Section 13: Cultural Controls
Fly Host Location Authors Date Summary
B. zonata Butani et al. 1976 B. zonata (Saund.), a polyphagous pest that is controlled by destroying all damaged and fallen fruits and by ploughing round
the trees in January and February to kill the pupae.
Mango Maharastra Godse and
Bhole
B. dorsalis Guava Makhmoor
and Singh
B. cucurbitae Pandey and
Mishra
2002 Studies on natural incidence of fruit flies on Alphonso mango indicated (at Maharastra) that the fruits harvested before June
were free from fruitfly infestation also showed that regular collection and destruction of fallen, ripe or decaying fruits can
reduce fruit fly population in orchards as fruitflies preffred the ripening fruits for egg laying.
1999 The effects of soil type, hoeing frequency, depth of pupation and irrigation frequency on pupal mortality and adult emergence
of guava fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, were determined in field studies in guava orchards in India. Maximum (93.3%) pupal
mortality was recorded at the surface and minimum (13.3%) at a depth of 10cm which was significantly less than all other
treatments. Increased pupal mortality was observed with an increase in the frequency of irrigation and ranged from 20.0 to
96.6%.
1999 Vertical and horizontal movement of Bactrocera cucurbitae larvae for pupation was studied, and it was observed that larvae
had a thrust movement for a maximum distance of 30cm, while the vertical movement was up to 15cm in depth. The larvae
usually preferred the texture of medium soil to medium sand for pupation. It appeared that the available soil conditions
governed the movement of larvae for pupation.
Gujarat Patel 1994 Infested fruit must be buried to a depth of at least 15 cm to prevent adult emergence.
C. vesuviana Sangwan
and Lakra
C. vesuviana Jujube Uttar
Pradesh
1992 In the laboratory, the optimum temperature for pupal development in the tephritid Carpomyia vesuviana was 30°C, leading to
high adult emergence (74%) and short pupal duration (average 15.65 days). At 10, 16 and 40°C, no adult emergence
occurred in 50 days. The ideal depth for pupation was 3-6 cm below the soil surface, at which adult emergence was 82%.
Only 15% adult emergence took place at a depth of 45 cm.
Singh et al. 2000 A field experiment was conducted in Uttar Pradesh in 1997 to evaluate the efficacy of the following control schedules on ber
fruit fly (Carpomya vesuviana) infestation and yield of Ziziphus mauritiana: deep raking soil (T1); radial application of phorate
as Thimet 10G (118 g/tree) (T2); cypermethrin, endosulfan [application rates not given] (T3); phosphamidon (0.05%),
chlorpyrifos (0.04%) (T4); monocrotophos (0.05%), malathion (0.05%) (T5); dimethoate, econeem [application rates not given]
(T6); methyl-O-demeton [demeton-O-methyl] (0.03%), sukrina (1.0%) (T7); and an untreated control (T8). All treatments
reduced ber fruit fly infestation compared to the untreated trees. The T5 schedule resulted in the lowest percentage of fruit
infestation at 15 days after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd sprayings (9.30%, 7.30% and 4.60%, respectively) and the highest mean
yield of 10.43 kg/picking (compared to 6.58 kg/picking in T8), followed by T4 with 6.3% fruit infestation at 15 days after the 3rd
spray and a mean yield of 10.26 kg/picking.
Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 59 of 110