“Key Informant Survey” of Production, Value, Losses and ... - DfID

B. cucurbitae Gowda et al. 1979 An improved method developed in India for mass rearing of B. cucurbitae Coq. based on Protinex (protein
hydrolysate with vitamins) and 20% honey solution instead of the previously used yeast hydrolysate and
sugar crystals. The method was used for rearing D. cucurbitae for 5-6 generations, and pupal recoveries
were in the range of 90-95%. The period between the egg stage and adult emergence was 11-16 days at 28
plus or minus 2 deg C and 75% RH.
B. cucurbitae Gupta and Anand 1994 When different doses of boric acid, molybdic acid and cobalt chloride were tested for their effects on growth
and development of larvae, there was a significant adverse effect on growth.
B. cucurbitae Gupta and Anand 1994 Salt mixture 185 used in the larval diet does not have any trace elements. When FeCl3 was added in addition
to salt mixture 185 in the diet, there was a significant improvement in the growth of the larvae but when the
same concn of FeCl3 was added to a diet with HMW salt mixture there was no significant improvement in
growth index.
B. cucurbitae Gupta and Anand 2002 The salt compositions of Wesson's salt mixture, i.e. calcium carbonate (21.00%), tricalcium phosphate
(14.90%), copper sulfate (0.039%), ferric phosphate (1.47%), manganese sulfate (0.02%), magnesium
sulfate (9.00%), potash (0.009%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (31.00%), potassium chloride (12.00%),
potassium iodide (0.005%), sodium chloride (10.5%) and sodium fluoride (0.057%), in a casein-based
artificial diet were removed individually. One treatment had all the salts and the treatment with no salts was
taken as the control. Single omissions of ferric sulfate and manganese sulfate improved the diet over the
treatment with complete salts. The absence of these 2 salts not only improved the oviposition and fertility but
also the longevity of B. cucurbitae. The absence of copper sulfate also affected the fecundity but its effect
was more pronounced on longevity and egg viability. The absence of calcium salts had no effect on longevity
and oviposition period but did not favour peak attainment and viability. Removal of magnesium, potassium
and sodium salts individually delayed the sexual maturity of the flies and reduced significantly the oviposition
period, longevity, fecundity and fertility.
Bactocera
cucurbitae
Gupta and Anand 2003 Different constituent salts of Wesson's salt mixture having the same anion were detected one by one in a
casein artificial diet and their effect on various parameters of reproductive potential of Bactrocera cucurbitae
was observed. Six anions - carbonate, phosphate, chloride, iodide, sulfate and fluoride - were removed from
the diets one at a time. In the absence of fluoride anion, the flies improved their oviposition, longevity as well
as fertility, but the improvement was less when carbonate, phosphate, chloride and sulfate anions were
removed. The absence of iodide produced a positive effect on all the parameters.
Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 49 of 110