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Carpomyia vesuviana Jujube Haryana Lakra and Singh 1983 The oviposition behaviour of Carpomyia vesuviana Costa on ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), fruit deformity resulting from infestation and the incidence of the pest were studied in Haryana, India, between 1979 and 1981. Females preferred to oviposit in the distal or central part of the fruit. Oviposition inhibited growth in the surrounding tissues, causing protuberances and/or depressions in the fruit. Deformity was most apparent in young fruits with oviposition holes. Fruits smaller than 9 X 4.5 mm were avoided by females, while almost 50% of fruits measuring 20 X 9 mm contained oviposition holes during October. A maximum of 55.15% of fruits contained a single larva, while 37.16% contained 2 or 3. Only 0.08% of fruits contained 7 or 8 larvae. A total of 45% of fruits was infested by 2-8 larvae at some stage during of their development. Of the infested fruits, 21.83% were collected from the southern side of trees, while only 5.27% were taken from the northern side; the percentages taken from the eastern and western sides were almost equal (14.6 and 14.5, respectively). The pest was most abundant in December and least abundant in March. Bc? 29 cucurbits Lall and Sinha 1974 The percentage of infested fruit was assessed weekly over a four-week period for six bittergourd (Momordica charantia), six pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), five sponge-gourd (Luffa cylindrica), five bottle-gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and seven cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cultivars. The cultivars exhibiting most resistance for the five species respectively were Short Green Kareli, Small Sugar, Pilibhit Padmini, Sutton's Long White and Improved Long Green. B. dorsalis Mango Ludhiana, Punjab B. dorsalis Peach Punjab Mann and Bindra Meridarchis scyrodes, Carpomyia vesuviana Jujube Bijapur, Karnataka Mann 1996 B. dorsalis flies were observed throughout the year in methyl eugenol baited traps in a mango orchard in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Population counts were low in the winter months from December to February which was thought to be caused by low temperature (below 20°C). Following the warmer season, the flies rebuilt their population throughout the rest of the year. However, low catches in July may be due to the after-effects of high temperatures in June (31.93°C) or due to high rainfall (223 mm/month). Afterwards, increases in fruit fly catches may be attributed to conducive temperature (24-29°C) and abundant supply of host fruits. The fruit fly counts on the mango fruits during July were greatest at 1100 h and 1200 h. Fruit fly infestation was 30.77, 65 and 85.50% in cultivars Dusheri, Sucking and Chausa, respectively. Nandihalli et al. 1977 Field incidence of B. dorsalis Hendel on different cultivars of peach (Prunus persica) at Ludhiana (Punjab)studies over two years with eleven varieties, Florida Sun had the lowest average infestation; generally, infestation was related to earliness of fruiting, the earlier the variety the lower the infestation, except in the midearly variety Sun Red, in which infestation was heavy, possibly because the fruit lack hairs. 1996 In a field study in 1995-96 at Bijapur, Karnataka, in Zizyphus mauritiana orchards, Meridarchis scyrodes and Carpomyia vesuviana were prevalent from first fortnight of December to first fortnight of February. The relationship between pest incidence and temperature was positive while negative relationship of the incidence of the pests was found with relative humidity, wind speed and cloud cover. M. scyrodes was more damaging than C. vesuviana in all the cultivars evaluated. Cv. Ilaichi and Chhuhara fruits recorded lowest pest infestation (1 larva/fruit). Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 44 of 110
B. cucurbitae 82 cucurbits Nath et al. 1976 Eighty-two lines belonging to Cucurbita maxima and C. moschata were screened for resistance to B. cucurbitae. C. maxima 'IHR79-2' was found to have high resistance combined with a high yield in both wet and dry seasons. B. cucurbitae Arka Nath et al. 1976 Data from the F1, F2 and BC1 of Arka Suryamukhi (resistant to B. curcurbitae) X IHR (susceptible) and their reciprocal indicated that resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene designated Fr. Peach Nijjar 1991 TA-170 is a new cultivar of peach (Prunus persica), introduced from Florida and released in Punjab for general cultivation in December 1990. Fruits are medium large. Fruit flesh is firm and yellow with red colouration, semi-free and ripens 7 days earlier (76 days) than the standard Flordasun. Although there was no difference in yield and fruit weight, the trees of TA-170 were more vigorous. It is superior in respect of titratable soluble solids (TSS) and TSS/acid ratio, has better storage and shipping quality and is free from attack by fruit fly. B. cucubitae Musk melon Pal et al. 1983 Of 50 Cucumis melo accessions from India and elsewhere screened for resistance to B. cucurbitae in the field over 4 years, 6 (all from India or Afghanistan) were characterized as resistant or immune (0-10% fruit damage). The resistant accessions were similar to the commercial variety Arka Jeet in many respects, but low in total soluble sugar contents. Data from a cross between Arka Jeet and the resistant wild species C. callosus indicated that resistance may be dominant. B. cucubitae Musk melon Rajasthan Pareek and Kavadia B. cucubitae 10 cucurbits Udaipur and Pareeka and Jobner, Rajasthan kavadia Dacus ciliatus Cucurbits Gujarat Patel and Patel Dacus ciliatus Cucurbits Gujarat Patel and Patel Dacus ciliatus Little gourd Gujarat Patel and Patel 1995 In a field trial at 2 sites in Rajasthan, 17 musk melon cultivars were evaluated for their susceptibility to B. cucurbitae. The cultivars were either susceptible (51-75% fruits damaged) or highly susceptible (76-100%). 1994 The relative preference of B. cucurbitae for 10 cucurbits grown in one field under semi-humid (Udaipur) and semiarid (Jobner) agro-climatic conditions studied. The studies indicated the highest preference for musk melon and round gourd followed by bitter gourd and long melon, whereas water melon was only moderately preferred. Ridge gourd, sponge gourd, cucumber, bottle gourd and pumpkin were the least preferred hosts. 1998 The ovipositional preference of D. ciliatus on number of eggs laid in fruits found as (1) Little gourd > (2) Cucumber > (3) Bitter gourd > (4) Bottle gourd > (5) Smooth gourd > (6) Ridge gourd. 1998 Little gourd appeared to be the most preferred host for the development of maggots showing highest growth index of all the hosts tested . 1998 Laboratory observations showed that smaller sized fruits of little gourd [Coccinia grandis] were preferred over larger ones for oviposition B. spp. Pillai et al. 1983 Obtained from gamma-irradiated (75 kR) seed of selection H160, this variety gave better yields in trials than either its parent or the common variety Co1. It is tolerant to B. spp. Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 45 of 110
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Dear Colleague, Integrated Manageme
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each zone will be divided by the to
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Sheet 2. Production and fruit fly l
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Product: Muskmelon Himalayan Highla
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Product: Snake Gourd Himalayan High
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Palanpur Pumpkin 2 Anand Bitter Gou
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flie
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Navsari Thiruvananthapuram
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The power of parapheromones. This I
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Cluster “Western” “Southern
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Indian fruit fly control and the So
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INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLIE
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They used to be nearer Ahmedabad, a
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FRUIT FLY CONTROL: SPRAYS (i) Spray
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fruit borer, little leaf (a mycopla
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ores the vine from tender portion,
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(DDVP). He is applying both ME and
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CROPS He said that he is growing bi
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that spraying insecticides is only
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vegetables not by having greater wa
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advantage of bitter gourd? He start
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isk of complete failure of crop. Am
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FF MANAGEMENT He said that he using
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eady-to-harvest fruits. Farmers los
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Gandevi. #G008 DATE: 03/01/04 TEAM:
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#R004 DATE:08/03 TEAM: JT/CVV. He i
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he has found this as very reasonabl
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improving the fertility condition o
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50 cents, banana intercropped in co
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with grass. When the field is left
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sells his own produce. CROPS He gro
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it. When JS mimes a jumping FF magg
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other pests). RICE AND ITS PESTS In
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(mother) feed voraciously on leaf l
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yellow and drop. On opening of the
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including semilooper because fruit
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off prematurely from plants. Thus p
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PEST: FRUIT FLIES Losses: Bitter go
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PEST: SEMILOOPER Creates problems i
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semi looper pest bitter gourd at an
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FRUIT FLIES July sown crop suffers
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LEAF CURL He said that this serious
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only own farm total area five ha. N
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PEST 1 - MANGO HOPPER is number one
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PROJECT MEMORANDUM on behalf of the
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4. Starting and finishing dates 1 J
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Fruit flies, although a serious pes
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Department of Agricultural Extensio
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SECTION C: SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 17
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Pakistan-UK Fruit Fly Project 1998-
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This will connect the field researc
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Narrative Summary Goal Objectively
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YEAR 2 2002-2003 MONTH Activity A M
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Table I.2. Subjectively-derived syn
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Jujube 3 - S Bawal Dashad et al. (1
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Appendix II. Scientific Research on
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Museum has B. dorsalis specimens re
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and if neem can be used in attracta
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coast. In the Faisalabad area attac
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elative, and offer little real comm
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Appendix III. Work Plan ACTIVITIES
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1.1.4: Tabulation of Controls Findi
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other methods. In fields where loss
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In addition to the Key Informant Su
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killing points”, and these techni
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tiers. It is proposed to replace th
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general benefit. Socially-cooperati
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greater than the sum of their parts
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Appendix IV. Prior Scientific Paper
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vi - Value of cucurbit extract comp
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Methods The assessment of BAT and M
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surfaces - cotton cloth, plastic sh
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Table IV.B.4. Mean total catches (N
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Table IV.B.9. Catches over four to
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Many improvements may be made to th
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economic damage per fly will be gre
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Table IV.C.1. Fruit infestation ass
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factors (ecoregion, year, season, w
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Infestation (%) ANOVA F Tree Mean 3
Page 161 and 162: Appendix V. References Afzal, M, Ma
Page 163 and 164: Jalaluddin, SM, Natarajan, K, Sadak
Page 165 and 166: cucurbitae Coquillett) in cucumber.
Page 167 and 168: Sharma, VP, Lal, OP, Rohidas, SB, P
Page 169 and 170: Project Integrated Management of Fr
Page 171 and 172: Section 1: Indian Fruit and Vegetab
Page 173 and 174: Section 2: Indian Production of Fru
Page 175 and 176: Section 4: Fruit Fly Species Report
Page 177 and 178: 56 Gastrozona balioptera 57 G. fasc
Page 179 and 180: 114 P. tetrica 115 Indacilira basiv
Page 181 and 182: Section 5: Hosts of Tephritid Fruit
Page 183 and 184: 56 Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Cu
Page 185 and 186: 118 Physalis peruviana Solanaceae C
Page 187 and 188: Bactrocera sp. T. dioica Mondouri,
Page 189 and 190: B. cucurbitae Mogekai Karnataka Kum
Page 191 and 192: B. carambolae Andaman Islands Ranga
Page 193 and 194: Jujube 20 20 60 40 N Gujarat xi,xii
Page 195 and 196: Mango 9.8 9.8 10 10 10 N Kanpur vi
Page 197 and 198: Cucumber 6.2 6.2 6 6 6 S South Anda
Page 199 and 200: Section 8: Population Dynamics and
Page 201 and 202: B. dorsalis Mango Kanpur, Uttar Pra
Page 203 and 204: C. vesuviana Jujube Haryana Lakra a
Page 205 and 206: Meridarchis scyrodes, Carpomyia ves
Page 207 and 208: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Thakur e
Page 209 and 210: B. cucurbitae C melo, C callosus B.
Page 211: B. correcta Guava Jalaluddin and 19
Page 215 and 216: B. cucurbitae Singh et al. 2000 The
Page 217 and 218: B. cucurbitae Gowda et al. 1979 An
Page 219 and 220: B. cucurbitae Kaur and Srivastava B
Page 221 and 222: B. dorsalis Srivastava et al. 1989
Page 223 and 224: B. dorsalis Prasad and Sethi 1981 T
Page 225 and 226: Section 12: Natural Enemies Host En
Page 227 and 228: Section 13: Cultural Controls Fly H
Page 229 and 230: B. cucurbitae Bhagat and Koul B. cu
Page 231 and 232: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Gupta an
Page 233 and 234: B. zonata Peach Himachal Pradesh B.
Page 235 and 236: B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Mote 197
Page 237 and 238: B. cucurbitae Ccumber, ridge gourd
Page 239 and 240: Zaprionus paravittiger [Z. indianus
Page 241 and 242: B. zonata Apple, peach Solan, Himac
Page 243 and 244: B. cucurbitae B. cucurbitae B. cucu
Page 245 and 246: Section 16: Pheromone and Colour Lu
Page 247 and 248: B. dorsalis Mango Pantnagar Uttar P
Page 249 and 250: B. cucurbitae Snake gourd Banglades
Page 251 and 252: Bagle, B.G. Prasad, V.G. 1983 Effec
Page 253 and 254: Borah, S.R. Dutta, S.K. 1997 Infest
Page 255 and 256: Drew, R.A.I. Raghu, S. 2002 The fru
Page 257 and 258: Gupta, K. Anand, M. 2002 Effect of
Page 259 and 260: Kapoor, V.C. Grewal, J.S. Agarwal,
Page 261 and 262: KrishnaMoorthy, P.N. Srinivasan, K.
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Nair, S. Thomas, J. 2001 Ovipositio
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Patel, R.K. Patel, C.B. 1998 Biolog
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Rahman, S Singh, S.P.N. Agarwal, M.
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Shivarkar, D.T. Dumbre, R.B. 1985 B
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Srivastava, B.G. Pant, N.C. Chaudhr
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Wadhwani, K. Khan, N.H. 1983 Effect
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Anon. 1994 Distribution Maps of Pes
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Anon. 1998 Population dynamics of B
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