“Key Informant Survey” of Production, Value, Losses and ... - DfID

B. zonata Apple, peach Solan,
Himachal
Pradesh
Thakur and
Kashyap
B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Kerala Thomas and
Jacob
A. helianthi Safflower Jabalpur,
Madhya
Pradesh
B. cucurbitae Verma and
Pandey
C. vesuviana Jujube India Wadhi and
Batra
B. cucurbitae Wadhwani and
Khan
B. cucurbitae Bitter gourd Yadav and
Kathpal
1986 Fenitrothion, methyl parathion [parathion-methyl] and malathion were applied to run-off at 0.05% concentration to
apple (cv. Red Delicious) and peach (cv. Babcock) trees when the fruits were 3-4cm in diameter. Thresholds of
toxic effectiveness against crawlers of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) on apple and larvae of
peach fruit fly (B. zonata, wrongly described as cucurbitae) were then determined. The threshold level was lowest
with parathion-methyl, closely followed by fenitrothion, on both fruits, and these compounds gave protection
against the target pests for more than 15 days. Residues of all 3 insecticides were below the tolerance limits at
the time of harvest. (B. zonata wrongly mentioned as B. cucurbitae).
1990 Granular carbofuran applied to the soil at 1.5 kg a.i./ha at the time of sowing, vining and flowering afforded
83.35% protection against the tephritid B. cucurbitae on bittergourd (Momordica charantia), but residues were
above the permitted limits. Application at the vining stage and later is not desirable.
Vaishampayan 1970 Dichlorovos, about two weeks before flowering of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).
1980 A laboratory study was carried out to determine the relative toxicities of 9 insecticides to the pumpkin pest B.
cucurbitae Coq., on the basis of their LC50s and with malathion as unity, using the dry film technique. The results
showed that tetrachlorvinphos was 100.9 times, phosphamidon was 31.6 times, dichlorvos (dichlorophos) was
22.21 times, carbaryl was 17.02 times, quinalphos was 9.18 times, parathion-methyl was 8.08 times, parathion
(ethyl parathion) was 6.18 times and diazinon was 1.05 times as toxic as malathion.
1964 Triweekly sprays with 0.2 per cent DDT or BHC (now banned).
1983 In the laboratory adults were fed on baits containing sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate or malathion: these gave
significant increase in the preoviposition period and a reduction in fecundity.
1983 To control B. cucurbitae on the Momordica charantia cv. Pusa-do-Mosami, fenitrothion at 0.05% was applied at
10-day intervals starting at 70 days after seed emergence. Fenitrothion residues decreased to below the
permissible level (0.3 p.p.m.) within 3 days of treatment and below the detectable level within 7-10 days.
C. vesuviana Jujube Haryana Yadav et al. 1986 0.03 per cent dimethoate (2.4g a.i./tree) and oxydimetonmethyl (2.8g a.i./tree) - first spray in the first week of
November and the second in mid-December. In five to seven days reached undetectable levels. Washing of fruit
recommended to further reduce residue level by about 22 per cent of oxy-dimetonmethyl on days of treatment
and 10 per cent on the third day of treatment.
Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in India: Knowledge Review 73 of 110