Technical Provisions for Mode S Services and Extended Squitter

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DRAFT - Working Paper ASP TSGWP11-01 for review by the TSG during the meeting in June 2011 in Paris CD-20 Technical Provisions for Mode S Services and Extended Squitter BDS bit no. Data bit no. Description 16 17 Indicated airspeed 18 ARINC label 206 19 20 Range = [0, 1 023] 21 22 23 LSB = 512/512 = 1 kt 24 STATUS 1 = valid data 25 MSB = 2.048 26 27 Mach 28 ARINC label 205 29 30 Range = [0, 4.092] 31 32 33 34 LSB = 2.048/512 35 STATUS 1 = valid data 36 SIGN 1 = below 37 MSB = 8 192 ft/min 38 39 Barometric altitude rate 40 ARINC label 212 41 42 Range = [-16 384, +16 352] 43 44 45 LSB = 8 192/256 = 32 ft/min 46 STATUS 1 = valid data 47 SIGN 1 = below 48 MSB = 8 192 ft/min 49 50 Inertial vertical velocity 51 ARINC label 365 52 53 Range = [-16 384, +16 352] 54 55 56 LSB = 8 192/256 = 32 ft/min Draft The status bits are determined as explained in §A.2.2.2. The data is rounded as specified in §A.2.2.2. The encoding accuracy of the data in the subfield is ±½ LSB by rounding. “Barometric Altitude Rate” contains values that are solely derived from barometric measurement. The Barometric Altitude Rate may be very unsteady and may suffer from barometric instrument inertia. The “Inertial Vertical Velocity” also provides information on vertical attitude of the aircraft but it comes from equipment (IRS, AHRS) which use different sources used for navigation. The information is a more filtered and smoothed parameter. CD.2.4.7.1 INTRODUCTION TO CPR CD.2.4.7 COMPACT POSITION REPORTING (CPR) TECHNIQUE DRAFT - Working Paper ASP TSGWP11-01 for review by the TSG during the meeting in June 2011 in Paris
DRAFT - Working Paper ASP TSGWP11-01 for review by the TSG during the meeting in June 2011 in Paris Appendix CD CD-21 CPR is a data compression technique used to reduce the number of bits needed for lat/lon reporting in the airborne and surface position squitters. Data compression is based upon truncation of the high order bits of latitude and longitude. Airborne lat/lon reports are unambiguous over 666 km (360 NM). Surface reports are unambiguous over 166.5 km (90 NM). In order to maintain this ambiguity distance (and the values of the LSB), longitude must be re-scaled as latitude increases away from the equator to account for the compression of longitude. CD.2.4.7.2 LAT/LON ENCODING CONSIDERATIONS CD.2.4.7.2.1 Unambiguous range The unambiguous ranges were selected to meet most of the needs of surveillance applications to be supported by ADS-B. To accommodate applications with longer range requirements, a global encoding technique has been included that uses a different encoding framework for alternate position encoding (labeled even and odd). A comparison of a pair of even and odd encoded position reports will permit globally unambiguous position reporting. When global decoding is used, it need only be performed once at acquisition since subsequent position reports can be associated with the correct 666 (or 166.5) km (360 (or 90) NM) patch. Re-establishment of global decoding would only be required if a track were lost for a long enough time to travel 666 km (360 NM) while airborne or 166.5 km (90 NM) while on the surface. Loss of track input for this length of time would lead to a track drop, and global decoding would be performed when the aircraft was required as a new track. CD.2.4.7.2.2 Reported position resolution Reported resolution is determined by: a) the needs of the user of this position information; and b) the accuracy of the available navigation data. For airborne aircraft, this leads to a resolution requirement of about 5 m. Surface surveillance must be able to support the monitoring of aircraft movement on the airport surface. This requires position reporting with a resolution that is small with respect to the size of an aircraft. A resolution of about 1 m is adequate for this purpose. CD.2.4.7.3 SEAMLESS GLOBAL ENCODING While the encoding of lat/lon does not have to be globally unambiguous, it must provide consistent performance anywhere in the world including the polar regions. In addition, any encoding technique must not have discontinuities at the boundaries of the unambiguous range cells. CD.2.4.7.4 CPR ENCODING TECHNIQUES CD.2.4.7.4.1 Truncation Draft The principal technique for obtaining lat/lon coding efficiency is to truncate the high order bits, since these are only required for globally unambiguous coding. The approach is to define a minimum size area cell within which the position is unambiguous. The considerations in §D.2.4.7.2.1 and §D.2.4.7.3 have led to the adoption of a minimum cell size as a (nominal) square with a side of 666 km (360 NM) for airborne aircraft and 166.5 km (90 NM) for surface aircraft. This cell size provides an unambiguous range of 333 km (180 NM) and 83 km (45 NM) for airborne and surface aircraft, respectively. Depending on receiver sensitivity, surveillance of aircraft at very long ranges may require the use of sector beam antennas in order to provide sufficient link reliability for standard transponder transmit power. The area covered by a sector beam provides additional information to resolve ambiguities beyond the 333 km (180 NM) range provided by the coding. In theory, use of a sector beam to resolve ambiguity could provide for an operating range of 666 km (360 NM). In practice, this range will be reduced to about 600 km (325 NM) to provide protection against squitter receptions through the sidelobes of the sector beams. In any case, this is well in excess of the maximum operating range available with this surveillance technique. It is also DRAFT - Working Paper ASP TSGWP11-01 for review by the TSG during the meeting in June 2011 in Paris
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Appendix A A-7 TYPE Code Format Hor
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Appendix A A-109 A.4. MODE S BROADC
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Appendix B B-3 TYPE code Subtype co
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Appendix B B-17 Coding (Binary) (De
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Appendix B B-19 a) ACAS operational
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Appendix B B-21 Subfield Coding: DR
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Msg Bit # “ME” Bit # Appendix C
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Appendix C C-57 B Reports to have k
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Appendix C C-59 Register 0516 DRAFT
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