Technical Provisions for Mode S Services and Extended Squitter

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DRAFT - Working Paper ASP TSGWP11-01 for review by the TSG during the meeting in June 2011 in Paris CD-32 Technical Provisions for Mode S Services and Extended Squitter Nominal Reception Range Minimum required ground station EIRP 15 NM 11 dBW 30 NM 17 dBW 60 NM 23 dBW 120 NM 29 dBW b. It is necessary to limit the average (i.e. longer-term) transmit duty cycle so as not to cause any significant interference to other local users of the 1 090 MHz RF spectrum (i.e. ground SSR interrogators or to nearby ACAS equipped aircraft). The maximum suitable transmit duty cycle, both peak short-term as well as average, needs to be determined based on the local 1 090 MHz RF environment. To accomplish this, the ground station needs to have the ability to limit both the peak short-term and average transmit duty cycles to the maximums authorized for that site. The peak duty cycle should not exceed one extended squitter transmission within a 1 millisecond interval. The average duty cycle should not exceed 500 extended squitter transmissions per second. However, this may be further limited to comply with local RF spectrum authorization. c. The ground station antenna’s radiation pattern in the horizontal plane needs to be consistent with the TIS-B/ADS-R service volume to be supported by that ground station. An omnidirectional radiation pattern is expected to be suitable for most cases. d. The ground station antenna should be vertically polarized. e. The ground station’s antenna should have a radiation pattern in the vertical plane that provides positive gain at elevation angles above the horizon with a cut-off of gain (i.e. negative gain) at elevation angles below the horizon. This is required to minimize the negative effects of signal reflections from the ground. Antennas with multiple active elements providing vertical aperture are typically used to produce both increased gain at elevation angles above the horizon and a sharp cut-off in gain below the horizon, and are suitable for both transmission and reception of extended squitter signals. Such antennas provide positive gain at elevation angles above the horizon and peak gains within the range from +6 dB to +9 dB are typical at elevation angles of 10 to 15 degrees above the horizon. The implementation should take into account that such antennas usually have a null in the gain in the vertical dimension which causes a cone of silence. f. Ground stations supporting an ADS-R capability need to incorporate the ADS-R message generation function and the ADS-R message exchange function. Draft CD.4.5 MESSAGE EXCHANGE FUNCTION The message exchange function includes the 1 090 MHz receiving antenna and the radio equipment (receiver/demodulator/decoder/data buffer) sub-functions. CD.4.5.1 MESSAGE EXCHANGE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS The airborne Mode S extended squitter receiving system supports the reception and decoding of all extended squitter messages as listed in Annex 10, Volume IV, Chapter 5. The ground ADS-B extended squitter receiving system, as a minimum, supports the reception and decoding of all extended squitter message types that convey information needed to support the generation of the ADS-B reports of the types required by the client ATM ground applications. CD.4.5.2 MESSAGE RECEPTION PERFORMANCE CD.4.5.2.1 The airborne Mode S extended squitter receiver/demodulation/decoder employs the reception techniques and has a receiver minimum trigger threshold level (MTL) as listed in Annex 10, Volume IV, Chapter 5 as a function of the airborne receiver class. CD.4.5.2.2 The ground station’s antenna characteristics in combination with the extended squitter receiver’s reception DRAFT - Working Paper ASP TSGWP11-01 for review by the TSG during the meeting in June 2011 in Paris
DRAFT - Working Paper ASP TSGWP11-01 for review by the TSG during the meeting in June 2011 in Paris Appendix CD CD-33 technique and MTL are selected to provide the reception performance (i.e. range and update rates) as required by the client ATM ground applications throughout the defined ADS-B surveillance volume. The type of messages that must be received and the type of reports that must be generated will depend on the requirements of the client ground ATM applications. The performance required of ADS-B ground station receivers supporting ATM surveillance applications will depend on the individual ground station’s required service volume, the associated required reporting rates, and on the interference levels on the 1 090 MHz channel at that location. It is appropriate to derive the characteristics of the ground station’s extended squitter receiver, in terms of MTL and reception techniques, based on what has been defined for the airborne extended squitter receivers in Annex 10, Volume IV, Chapter 5. However, when a higher gain ground station antenna is used (i.e. than that of a typical airborne antenna), the resulting air-to-ground reception range can be expected to be greater than for the air-to-air case. The characteristics of the ground station’s antenna along with the associated receiver’s characteristics need to be consistent with the intended service volume. CD.4.5.2.3 ADS-B ground stations intended for use in locations anticipated to have moderate to high levels of 1 090 MHz co-channel interference need to have an MTL and use reception techniques at least equivalent to those listed in Annex 10, Volume IV, Chapter 5 for a Class A3 airborne receiver. CD.4.5.2.4 The ground station antenna used for reception should have the same characteristics as specified for transmission in CD.4.4. _____________________ Draft DRAFT - Working Paper ASP TSGWP11-01 for review by the TSG during the meeting in June 2011 in Paris
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Msg Bit # “ME” Bit # Appendix C
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