Protestantism in England From the Times of Henry VIII - James Aitken Wylie

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scornfully trod into the dust, surely Henry did well in being master in his own house. The dignity of his crown and the interests of his subjects alike demanded it. It is in this light that we look at the act; and taking it per se, there can be no doubt that Henry, in thus securing perfect freedom for the exercise of the prerogatives and jurisdictions of his kingly office, did a wise, a just, and a proper thing. While this battle was waging in Parliament, the matter of the divorce had been progressing towards a final settlement. In the end of 1529, as we have already mentioned, it was resolved to put to the universities of Christendom the question, "What says the Bible on the marriage of the king with Catherine, his brother's widow?" Henry would let the voice of the universal Church, rather than the Pope, decide the question. The universities of Cambridge and Oxford, by majorities, declared the marriage unlawful, and approved the divorce. The Sorbonne at Paris declared, by a large majority, in favor of the divorce. The four other universities of France voted on the same side. England and France were with Henry VIII. The king's agents, crossing 182
the Alps, set foot on the doubtful soil of Italy. After the Sorbonne, the most renowned university of the Roman Catholic world was that of Bologna. To the delight of Henry, Bologna declared in his favor. So too did the universities of Padua and Ferrara. Italy was added to the list of countries favorable to the King of England. The envoys of Henry next entered the territories of the Reformation, Switzerland and Germany. If Romanism was with Henry, much more will Protestantism be so. To the king's amazement, it is here that he first encounters opposition.[9] All the reforming doctors, including Luther, Calvin, and (Ecolampadius, were against the divorce. The king has sinned in the past by contracting this marriage, said they, but he will sin in the future if he shall dissolve it. The less cannot be expiated by the greater sin: it is repentance, not divorce, to which the king ought to have recourse. Meanwhile, Cranmer had been sent to Rome to win over the Pope. A large number of the Roman Catholic nobles also wrote to Clement, beseeching him to grant the wishes of Henry; but the utmost length to which the Pope would go was to permit 183
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PROTESTANTISM IN ENGLAND FROM THE T
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way for its final destruction; and
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eligious truth, with the other it w
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To his youth, to the grace ,of his
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summoned to his aid laborers whose
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scholars rather than Reformers, but
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which we shall read the Gospel, and
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England with light. The service ren
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saw altars overturned and thrones s
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Chapter 2 Cardinal Wolsey and the N
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her dowry had been a prime consider
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oken and cast in after it, than the
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Christendom. From the lowest ranks
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eport hugely calumniated him, he hi
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and Parliament must submit to have
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gathered into his single hand all t
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consigned to the Lollards' Tower in
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proofs that the Spirit of God was r
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He told her that he had been examin
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Christ. It was the result of combin
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to make them the Instructor of her
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Chapter 3 William Tyndale and the E
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the triumphs of the New Testament a
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author of holiness; and whose right
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harangued those whom they found ass
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ought letters of recommendation fro
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While Tyndale is crossing the sea,
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variance with the opinion of the le
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were speedily drowned ha the thunde
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the cardinal, his eyes still fixed
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iver, with the ruined castles that
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12. Gerdesius, Hist. Reform., tom.
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life and deep learning made his con
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the Lamb of God that taketh away th
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proceeded to confiscate a few small
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could establish itself not otherwis
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greater functionary came forward to
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was long remembered, and often afte
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on board ship, and the waves of the
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found its way to Cambridge; and fro
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ought greatly more within reach of
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Chapter 5 The Bible and the Cellar
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the safe keeping of Dr. Cottisford,
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y-and-by the chilly damp and the co
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The University of Cambridge was the
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Barnes' disgrace by making him take
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"but the money will enable you to p
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not likely to pardon the affront: i
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incest. It is probable that he felt
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of a gallant, that he would live in
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have incarcerated, nevertheless the
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pudeur, qu'on l'appelloit ordinarem
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were drafted, amended, and cancelle
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insisted on two things -- first, th
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was worthless -- fit only to be bur
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crowds that gathered round him, "Be
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For him who contemneth the Table of
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one of two things must happen to th
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the fire, thou shalt not be burned,
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his trial, next pressed round the s
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the blood of martyrs watered it. Ne
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Thomas's garden, termed the Tree of
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Standing on the pitch-barrel, he ad
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the Low Countries, and the havoc it
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it."[19] Footnotes: 1. Burnet, vol.
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 7 The Divorce, and Wolsey's
Page 133 and 134: Eight months passed away before Cam
Page 135 and 136: and not to call her before a court
Page 137 and 138: and if possible devise measures for
Page 139 and 140: followed by a night so black and te
Page 141 and 142: hopes of a divorce, of a second mar
Page 143 and 144: already across the Channel, the cra
Page 145 and 146: gorgeous copes, and webs of a valua
Page 147 and 148: But the process commenced against h
Page 149 and 150: These suspicions were strengthened
Page 151 and 152: to the abbot, as he crossed the thr
Page 153 and 154: "Incontinent," says Cavendish, "the
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Page 157 and 158: oken out at Cambridge, he had now c
Page 159 and 160: inquired his two friends. "Ask the
Page 161 and 162: accompanied the German army to Ital
Page 163 and 164: acquiesced blindly in a state of th
Page 165 and 166: making war on the Pope's jurisdicti
Page 167 and 168: since the nobility had been weakene
Page 169 and 170: consent and license.[7] The way bei
Page 171 and 172: from the Praemunire in the toils of
Page 173 and 174: and now very aged, rose and propose
Page 175 and 176: 2. Strype, Memorials of Cranmer, p.
Page 177 and 178: annats and first-fruits to the Pope
Page 179 and 180: were accordingly made to permit the
Page 181: jurisdiction ecclesiastical but by,
Page 185 and 186: "that he did not bind himself to do
Page 187 and 188: Archbishop of Canterbury, having re
Page 189 and 190: the document on the doors of all th
Page 191 and 192: The Popish party, headed by Dr. Gar
Page 193 and 194: and chastity. They illustrated thei
Page 195 and 196: Act was passed; and the number of s
Page 197 and 198: The consequences of tolerating an e
Page 199 and 200: also from the copious extracts in S
Page 201 and 202: king, and punished as treason. But
Page 203 and 204: severe gravity of Queen Catherine,
Page 205 and 206: Cromwell, who had been Henry's advi
Page 207 and 208: These articles were first proposed
Page 209 and 210: ight hand the prelates, the judges,
Page 211 and 212: or ordinance, heretofore granted to
Page 213 and 214: God.[10] The publication of the Bib
Page 215 and 216: of resorting for private as well as
Page 217 and 218: ench in front of St. Bartholomew's
Page 219 and 220: his work, and by his times. He cont
Page 221 and 222: carried through at the cost of grea
Page 223 and 224: monarch, resulted in great blessing
Page 225 and 226: that this is a mistake, arising fro
Page 227 and 228: character. Herself a lady of eminen
Page 229 and 230: the palace, three swords were broug
Page 231 and 232: to avarice and old and envenomed pr
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and the Reformation, objected to th
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Old Testament at evensong. The port
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head of the Eucharist is that of th
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"What or wherein," so runs the firs
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The mass was now changed, not into
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compiled. The voice of all precedin
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churches and private dwellings. Cer
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thoroughly versed in theology, both
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12. Collier, vol. 2., p. 310. Recor
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have stopped, so far as man can jud
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entire union of Christendom. The pr
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crown. These occurrences, which inf
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Elizabeth, but it had its beginning
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and that whereas Calvin earnestly i
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It is a mighty work, truly, which w
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strength of the Reformed host in ot
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Chapter 13 Restoration of the Pope'
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tended only to strengthen the unhap
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Protestant faith. Without losing a
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House of York, had attained the Rom
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pardon, was the divorce of Henry VI
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to provide for their safety by seek
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queen, whose life he had saved in h
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and carried down to Oxford, there t
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old thread-bare Bristow frieze gown
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absolution to all heretics who soug
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next him is Charles V.; the Pope is
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adherents. And what a galaxy of glo
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them. "Is it Christ's flesh and blo
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which had doomed them to this awful
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overshadowed the spot. Hooper did n
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In the same day on which Laurence S
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Taylor; the Holy Ghost comfort thee
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up, and about to sweep over the lan
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to the stake and burned, sometimes
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then engaged in debate with a Spani
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hardly scorched. "I cannot burn," h
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the less those that consume the bod
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flame now surrounded him, but he st
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8. Fox. Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, p.
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set a-ringing, and men, as they met
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instantly passed from the realm of
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of the Popish Powers, as she very s
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that the heavenly rain of the evang
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abolished, were re-enacted. Convoca
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Communion Service. The tide of Refo
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steps to that order of things which
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Protestant faith. Amid runny injunc
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Every minister was enjoined to cate
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knowledge, and this measure was as
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queen and her councilors were bent
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learning, and whom all men felt to
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The first eleven years of Elizabeth
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we are disposed to think, in the En
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actual exercise of the prerogative-
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Chapter 16 Excommunication of Eliza
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their root in their devotion to the
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the revolt of the sixteenth century
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The signal having been given from t
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searched, and a license was found f
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founded a college at Douay, in the
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He concluded by demanding a disputa
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of these murderous attempts, all sp
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England and its queen, and made the
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invasion, were made to expiate thei
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10. Strype, vol. 3., p. 217. 11. Fu
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calamities would afflict the unhapp
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forbearance on the other, would hav
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point of Sicily was converted into
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gentlemen who served as volunteers;
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explanations; for we find him writi
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pieces, saddles for horses, baking-
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intentions were pacific, and they c
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A third was formed, consisting of 2
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and met warriors of all nations on
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Chapter 18 The Armada Arrives Off E
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whom Spain possessed were chosen as
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in rural parts that the Spanish fle
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enterprise. The moment the news arr
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his shot, discharged from lofty dec
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amount of treasure, and a supply of
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again changed into the east, giving
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had been preparing all the previous
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9. Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 60
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could Medina Sidonia obtain. All th
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Armada had reached its appointed re
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advancing towards them. They had ha
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soldiers, shot down, had received b
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amid the waves. Spreading sail to t
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known how little cause there was to
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garrisons in Ireland to execute all
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and hunger among the natives, he ha
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Armada, but when he saw to what end
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saved by a Divine Hand. All acknowl
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assembled subjects, exhorting them
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-- quoted by Froude, vol. 12., p. 4
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Chapter 20 Greatness of Protestant
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holding livings in the Church of En
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We have seen the first outbreak of
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William Whittingham, and Thomas Sam
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was not planted in Elizabeth; it wa
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ought a full political development,
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saw, as certainly conduct her to fr
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In fine, from the great fundamental
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In all the countries of the Reforma
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hold of us). M. Angelo and Ariosto
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Protestantism in England From the Times of Henry VIII - James Aitken Wylie

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