Protestantism in England From the Times of Henry VIII - James Aitken Wylie

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that of the age in which she lived. She formed the center of great events and of great men, and she could not escape being a partaker in the greatness of others, and being elevated into a stature that was not properly her own. The Reformation set England on high; and Elizabeth, as the first person in the State of England, was lifted up along with it. We have now reached those twenty years (1588--1608) which may be regarded as constituting the era of the Protestant efflorescence in England. At this point two great Protestant streams unite, and henceforth flow together in the one mighty flood of British Protestantism. England and Scotland now combine to make one powerful Protestantism. It was not given to England alone, nor to Scotland alone, to achieve so great a work as that of consolidating and crowning the Reformation, and of presenting a Protestantism complete on both its political and religious sides to the nations of the earth for their adoption; this work was shared between the two countries. England 434
ought a full political development, Scotland an equally full religious development; and these two form one entire and perfect Protestantism, which throws its shield alike over the conscience and the person, over the spiritual and the temporal rights of man. Of all the various forces that act on society, Protestantism, which is Religion, is by far the most powerful. "Christ brings us out of bondage into liberty," said Calvin, "by means of the Gospel." These words contain the sum of all sound political philosophy. Protestantism first of all emancipates the conscience; and from this fortress within the man it carries its conquests all over the world that lies without him. Protestantism had now been the full space of a generation in England, and the men who had been born and trained under it, gave proof of possessing faculties and cherishing aspirations unknown to their fathers. They were a new race, in short. Elizabeth pressed upon the Reformation with the whole weight of the royal supremacy, and the added force of her despotic maxims; but that could not break the spring of the mighty power against 435
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PROTESTANTISM IN ENGLAND FROM THE T
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way for its final destruction; and
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eligious truth, with the other it w
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To his youth, to the grace ,of his
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summoned to his aid laborers whose
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scholars rather than Reformers, but
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which we shall read the Gospel, and
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England with light. The service ren
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saw altars overturned and thrones s
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Chapter 2 Cardinal Wolsey and the N
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her dowry had been a prime consider
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oken and cast in after it, than the
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Christendom. From the lowest ranks
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eport hugely calumniated him, he hi
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and Parliament must submit to have
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gathered into his single hand all t
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consigned to the Lollards' Tower in
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proofs that the Spirit of God was r
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He told her that he had been examin
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Christ. It was the result of combin
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to make them the Instructor of her
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Chapter 3 William Tyndale and the E
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the triumphs of the New Testament a
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author of holiness; and whose right
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harangued those whom they found ass
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ought letters of recommendation fro
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While Tyndale is crossing the sea,
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variance with the opinion of the le
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were speedily drowned ha the thunde
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the cardinal, his eyes still fixed
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iver, with the ruined castles that
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12. Gerdesius, Hist. Reform., tom.
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life and deep learning made his con
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the Lamb of God that taketh away th
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proceeded to confiscate a few small
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could establish itself not otherwis
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greater functionary came forward to
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was long remembered, and often afte
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on board ship, and the waves of the
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found its way to Cambridge; and fro
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ought greatly more within reach of
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Chapter 5 The Bible and the Cellar
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the safe keeping of Dr. Cottisford,
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y-and-by the chilly damp and the co
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The University of Cambridge was the
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Barnes' disgrace by making him take
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"but the money will enable you to p
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not likely to pardon the affront: i
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incest. It is probable that he felt
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of a gallant, that he would live in
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have incarcerated, nevertheless the
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pudeur, qu'on l'appelloit ordinarem
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were drafted, amended, and cancelle
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insisted on two things -- first, th
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was worthless -- fit only to be bur
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crowds that gathered round him, "Be
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For him who contemneth the Table of
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one of two things must happen to th
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the fire, thou shalt not be burned,
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his trial, next pressed round the s
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the blood of martyrs watered it. Ne
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Thomas's garden, termed the Tree of
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Standing on the pitch-barrel, he ad
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the Low Countries, and the havoc it
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it."[19] Footnotes: 1. Burnet, vol.
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Chapter 7 The Divorce, and Wolsey's
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Eight months passed away before Cam
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and not to call her before a court
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and if possible devise measures for
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followed by a night so black and te
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hopes of a divorce, of a second mar
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already across the Channel, the cra
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gorgeous copes, and webs of a valua
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But the process commenced against h
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These suspicions were strengthened
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to the abbot, as he crossed the thr
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"Incontinent," says Cavendish, "the
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furniture is preserved among the Ha
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oken out at Cambridge, he had now c
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inquired his two friends. "Ask the
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accompanied the German army to Ital
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acquiesced blindly in a state of th
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making war on the Pope's jurisdicti
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since the nobility had been weakene
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consent and license.[7] The way bei
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from the Praemunire in the toils of
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and now very aged, rose and propose
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2. Strype, Memorials of Cranmer, p.
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annats and first-fruits to the Pope
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were accordingly made to permit the
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jurisdiction ecclesiastical but by,
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the Alps, set foot on the doubtful
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"that he did not bind himself to do
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Archbishop of Canterbury, having re
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the document on the doors of all th
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The Popish party, headed by Dr. Gar
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and chastity. They illustrated thei
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Act was passed; and the number of s
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The consequences of tolerating an e
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also from the copious extracts in S
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king, and punished as treason. But
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severe gravity of Queen Catherine,
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Cromwell, who had been Henry's advi
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These articles were first proposed
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ight hand the prelates, the judges,
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or ordinance, heretofore granted to
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God.[10] The publication of the Bib
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of resorting for private as well as
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ench in front of St. Bartholomew's
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his work, and by his times. He cont
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carried through at the cost of grea
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monarch, resulted in great blessing
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that this is a mistake, arising fro
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character. Herself a lady of eminen
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the palace, three swords were broug
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to avarice and old and envenomed pr
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and the Reformation, objected to th
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Old Testament at evensong. The port
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head of the Eucharist is that of th
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"What or wherein," so runs the firs
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The mass was now changed, not into
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compiled. The voice of all precedin
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churches and private dwellings. Cer
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thoroughly versed in theology, both
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12. Collier, vol. 2., p. 310. Recor
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have stopped, so far as man can jud
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entire union of Christendom. The pr
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crown. These occurrences, which inf
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Elizabeth, but it had its beginning
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and that whereas Calvin earnestly i
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It is a mighty work, truly, which w
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strength of the Reformed host in ot
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Chapter 13 Restoration of the Pope'
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tended only to strengthen the unhap
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Protestant faith. Without losing a
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House of York, had attained the Rom
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pardon, was the divorce of Henry VI
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to provide for their safety by seek
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queen, whose life he had saved in h
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and carried down to Oxford, there t
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old thread-bare Bristow frieze gown
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absolution to all heretics who soug
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next him is Charles V.; the Pope is
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adherents. And what a galaxy of glo
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them. "Is it Christ's flesh and blo
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which had doomed them to this awful
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overshadowed the spot. Hooper did n
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In the same day on which Laurence S
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Taylor; the Holy Ghost comfort thee
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up, and about to sweep over the lan
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to the stake and burned, sometimes
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then engaged in debate with a Spani
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hardly scorched. "I cannot burn," h
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the less those that consume the bod
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flame now surrounded him, but he st
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8. Fox. Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, p.
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set a-ringing, and men, as they met
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instantly passed from the realm of
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of the Popish Powers, as she very s
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that the heavenly rain of the evang
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abolished, were re-enacted. Convoca
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Communion Service. The tide of Refo
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steps to that order of things which
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Protestant faith. Amid runny injunc
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Every minister was enjoined to cate
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knowledge, and this measure was as
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queen and her councilors were bent
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learning, and whom all men felt to
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The first eleven years of Elizabeth
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we are disposed to think, in the En
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actual exercise of the prerogative-
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Chapter 16 Excommunication of Eliza
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their root in their devotion to the
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the revolt of the sixteenth century
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The signal having been given from t
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searched, and a license was found f
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founded a college at Douay, in the
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He concluded by demanding a disputa
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of these murderous attempts, all sp
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England and its queen, and made the
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invasion, were made to expiate thei
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10. Strype, vol. 3., p. 217. 11. Fu
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calamities would afflict the unhapp
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forbearance on the other, would hav
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point of Sicily was converted into
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gentlemen who served as volunteers;
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explanations; for we find him writi
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pieces, saddles for horses, baking-
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intentions were pacific, and they c
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A third was formed, consisting of 2
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and met warriors of all nations on
Page 383 and 384: Chapter 18 The Armada Arrives Off E
Page 385 and 386: whom Spain possessed were chosen as
Page 387 and 388: in rural parts that the Spanish fle
Page 389 and 390: enterprise. The moment the news arr
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Page 395 and 396: again changed into the east, giving
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Page 399 and 400: 9. Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 60
Page 401 and 402: could Medina Sidonia obtain. All th
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Page 405 and 406: advancing towards them. They had ha
Page 407 and 408: soldiers, shot down, had received b
Page 409 and 410: amid the waves. Spreading sail to t
Page 411 and 412: known how little cause there was to
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Page 415 and 416: and hunger among the natives, he ha
Page 417 and 418: Armada, but when he saw to what end
Page 419 and 420: saved by a Divine Hand. All acknowl
Page 421 and 422: assembled subjects, exhorting them
Page 423 and 424: -- quoted by Froude, vol. 12., p. 4
Page 425 and 426: Chapter 20 Greatness of Protestant
Page 427 and 428: holding livings in the Church of En
Page 429 and 430: We have seen the first outbreak of
Page 431 and 432: William Whittingham, and Thomas Sam
Page 433: was not planted in Elizabeth; it wa
Page 437 and 438: saw, as certainly conduct her to fr
Page 439 and 440: In fine, from the great fundamental
Page 441 and 442: In all the countries of the Reforma
Page 443: hold of us). M. Angelo and Ariosto
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Protestantism in England From the Times of Henry VIII - James Aitken Wylie

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