Protestantism in England From the Times of Henry VIII - James Aitken Wylie

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Chapter 17 The Armada--Its Building WHILE Mary Stuart lived the hopes and projects of the Catholic Powers centered in her. But Mary Stuart lived no longer. The ax of the headsman in Fotheringay Castle had struck the center out of the great Popish plot: it had not, however, brought it to an end. The decree enjoining the extirpation of Protestantism on all Christian princes still stood recorded among the infallible canons of Trent, and was still acknowledged by the king of the Popish world. The plot now took a new shape, and this introduces us to the story of the Invincible "Armada." The year of the Armada (1588) had been looked forward to with dread long before it came, seeing it had been foretold that it would be a year of prodigies and disasters.[1] It was just possible, so had it been said, that the world would this year end; at the least, during its fatal currency thrones would be shaken, empires overturned, and dire 364
calamities would afflict the unhappy race of men. And now as it drew near rumors of portents deepened the prevailing alarm. It was reported that it had rained blood in Sweden, that monstrous births had occurred in France, and that still more unnatural prodigies had terrified and warned the inhabitants of other countries. But it needed no portent in the sky, and no prediction of astrologer or stargazer to notify the approach of more than usual calamity. No one who reflected on the state of Europe, and the passions and ambitions that were inspiring the policy of its rulers, could be blind to impending troubles. In the Vatican was Sixtus V, able, astute, crafty, and daring beyond the ordinary measure of Popes. On the throne of Spain was Philip II, cold, selfish, gluttonous of power, and not less gluttonous of blood--as dark-minded a bigot as ever counted beads, or crossed himself before a crucifix, no Jesuit could be more secret or more double. His highest ambition was that after-generations should be able to say that in his days, and by his arm, heresy had been exterminated. France was broken 365
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PROTESTANTISM IN ENGLAND FROM THE T
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way for its final destruction; and
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eligious truth, with the other it w
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To his youth, to the grace ,of his
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summoned to his aid laborers whose
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scholars rather than Reformers, but
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which we shall read the Gospel, and
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England with light. The service ren
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saw altars overturned and thrones s
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Chapter 2 Cardinal Wolsey and the N
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her dowry had been a prime consider
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oken and cast in after it, than the
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Christendom. From the lowest ranks
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eport hugely calumniated him, he hi
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and Parliament must submit to have
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gathered into his single hand all t
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consigned to the Lollards' Tower in
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proofs that the Spirit of God was r
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He told her that he had been examin
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Christ. It was the result of combin
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to make them the Instructor of her
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Chapter 3 William Tyndale and the E
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the triumphs of the New Testament a
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author of holiness; and whose right
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harangued those whom they found ass
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ought letters of recommendation fro
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While Tyndale is crossing the sea,
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variance with the opinion of the le
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were speedily drowned ha the thunde
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the cardinal, his eyes still fixed
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iver, with the ruined castles that
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12. Gerdesius, Hist. Reform., tom.
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life and deep learning made his con
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the Lamb of God that taketh away th
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proceeded to confiscate a few small
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could establish itself not otherwis
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greater functionary came forward to
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was long remembered, and often afte
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on board ship, and the waves of the
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found its way to Cambridge; and fro
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ought greatly more within reach of
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Chapter 5 The Bible and the Cellar
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the safe keeping of Dr. Cottisford,
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y-and-by the chilly damp and the co
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The University of Cambridge was the
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Barnes' disgrace by making him take
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"but the money will enable you to p
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not likely to pardon the affront: i
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incest. It is probable that he felt
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of a gallant, that he would live in
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have incarcerated, nevertheless the
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pudeur, qu'on l'appelloit ordinarem
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were drafted, amended, and cancelle
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insisted on two things -- first, th
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was worthless -- fit only to be bur
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crowds that gathered round him, "Be
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For him who contemneth the Table of
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one of two things must happen to th
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the fire, thou shalt not be burned,
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his trial, next pressed round the s
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the blood of martyrs watered it. Ne
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Thomas's garden, termed the Tree of
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Standing on the pitch-barrel, he ad
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the Low Countries, and the havoc it
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it."[19] Footnotes: 1. Burnet, vol.
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Chapter 7 The Divorce, and Wolsey's
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Eight months passed away before Cam
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and not to call her before a court
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and if possible devise measures for
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followed by a night so black and te
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hopes of a divorce, of a second mar
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already across the Channel, the cra
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gorgeous copes, and webs of a valua
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But the process commenced against h
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These suspicions were strengthened
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to the abbot, as he crossed the thr
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"Incontinent," says Cavendish, "the
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furniture is preserved among the Ha
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oken out at Cambridge, he had now c
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inquired his two friends. "Ask the
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accompanied the German army to Ital
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acquiesced blindly in a state of th
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making war on the Pope's jurisdicti
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since the nobility had been weakene
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consent and license.[7] The way bei
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from the Praemunire in the toils of
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and now very aged, rose and propose
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2. Strype, Memorials of Cranmer, p.
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annats and first-fruits to the Pope
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were accordingly made to permit the
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jurisdiction ecclesiastical but by,
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the Alps, set foot on the doubtful
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"that he did not bind himself to do
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Archbishop of Canterbury, having re
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the document on the doors of all th
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The Popish party, headed by Dr. Gar
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and chastity. They illustrated thei
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Act was passed; and the number of s
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The consequences of tolerating an e
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also from the copious extracts in S
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king, and punished as treason. But
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severe gravity of Queen Catherine,
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Cromwell, who had been Henry's advi
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These articles were first proposed
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ight hand the prelates, the judges,
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or ordinance, heretofore granted to
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God.[10] The publication of the Bib
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of resorting for private as well as
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ench in front of St. Bartholomew's
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his work, and by his times. He cont
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carried through at the cost of grea
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monarch, resulted in great blessing
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that this is a mistake, arising fro
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character. Herself a lady of eminen
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the palace, three swords were broug
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to avarice and old and envenomed pr
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and the Reformation, objected to th
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Old Testament at evensong. The port
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head of the Eucharist is that of th
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"What or wherein," so runs the firs
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The mass was now changed, not into
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compiled. The voice of all precedin
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churches and private dwellings. Cer
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thoroughly versed in theology, both
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12. Collier, vol. 2., p. 310. Recor
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have stopped, so far as man can jud
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entire union of Christendom. The pr
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crown. These occurrences, which inf
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Elizabeth, but it had its beginning
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and that whereas Calvin earnestly i
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It is a mighty work, truly, which w
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strength of the Reformed host in ot
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Chapter 13 Restoration of the Pope'
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tended only to strengthen the unhap
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Protestant faith. Without losing a
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House of York, had attained the Rom
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pardon, was the divorce of Henry VI
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to provide for their safety by seek
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queen, whose life he had saved in h
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and carried down to Oxford, there t
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old thread-bare Bristow frieze gown
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absolution to all heretics who soug
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next him is Charles V.; the Pope is
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adherents. And what a galaxy of glo
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them. "Is it Christ's flesh and blo
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which had doomed them to this awful
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overshadowed the spot. Hooper did n
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In the same day on which Laurence S
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Taylor; the Holy Ghost comfort thee
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up, and about to sweep over the lan
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to the stake and burned, sometimes
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then engaged in debate with a Spani
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hardly scorched. "I cannot burn," h
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the less those that consume the bod
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flame now surrounded him, but he st
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8. Fox. Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, p.
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Page 323 and 324: Communion Service. The tide of Refo
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Page 329 and 330: Every minister was enjoined to cate
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Page 337 and 338: The first eleven years of Elizabeth
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Page 343 and 344: Chapter 16 Excommunication of Eliza
Page 345 and 346: their root in their devotion to the
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Page 349 and 350: The signal having been given from t
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Page 357 and 358: of these murderous attempts, all sp
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Page 363: 10. Strype, vol. 3., p. 217. 11. Fu
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Page 379 and 380: A third was formed, consisting of 2
Page 381 and 382: and met warriors of all nations on
Page 383 and 384: Chapter 18 The Armada Arrives Off E
Page 385 and 386: whom Spain possessed were chosen as
Page 387 and 388: in rural parts that the Spanish fle
Page 389 and 390: enterprise. The moment the news arr
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Page 395 and 396: again changed into the east, giving
Page 397 and 398: had been preparing all the previous
Page 399 and 400: 9. Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 60
Page 401 and 402: could Medina Sidonia obtain. All th
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Page 405 and 406: advancing towards them. They had ha
Page 407 and 408: soldiers, shot down, had received b
Page 409 and 410: amid the waves. Spreading sail to t
Page 411 and 412: known how little cause there was to
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and hunger among the natives, he ha
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Armada, but when he saw to what end
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saved by a Divine Hand. All acknowl
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assembled subjects, exhorting them
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-- quoted by Froude, vol. 12., p. 4
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Chapter 20 Greatness of Protestant
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holding livings in the Church of En
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We have seen the first outbreak of
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William Whittingham, and Thomas Sam
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was not planted in Elizabeth; it wa
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ought a full political development,
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saw, as certainly conduct her to fr
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In fine, from the great fundamental
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In all the countries of the Reforma
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hold of us). M. Angelo and Ariosto
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Protestantism in England From the Times of Henry VIII - James Aitken Wylie

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