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THIS<br />

PREFACE<br />

book is not <strong>in</strong>tended to compete with the valuable <strong>and</strong><br />

learned book of ElHs H. M<strong>in</strong>ns on the same subject. Our aims<br />

are different. M<strong>in</strong>ns endeavoured to give a complete survey of<br />

the material illustrat<strong>in</strong>g the early history of <strong>South</strong> <strong>Russia</strong> <strong>and</strong> of the<br />

views expressed by both <strong>Russia</strong>n <strong>and</strong> non-<strong>Russia</strong>n scholars on the<br />

many <strong>and</strong> various questions suggested by the study of that material.<br />

I do not mean that M<strong>in</strong>ns' book is a mere compendium. In<br />

deal<strong>in</strong>g with the various problems of the history <strong>and</strong> archaeology of<br />

<strong>South</strong> <strong>Russia</strong> M<strong>in</strong>ns went his own way ; his criticism is acute, his<br />

views <strong>in</strong>dependent. Nevertheless his ma<strong>in</strong> object was to give a survey<br />

as full <strong>and</strong> as complete as possible. And his attempt was success-<br />

ful, M<strong>in</strong>ns' book will rema<strong>in</strong> for decades the chief source of <strong>in</strong>forma-<br />

tion about <strong>South</strong> <strong>Russia</strong> both for <strong>Russia</strong>n <strong>and</strong> for non-<strong>Russia</strong>n<br />

scholars.<br />

M)'^ own aim is different. In my short exposition I have tried to<br />

give a history of the <strong>South</strong> <strong>Russia</strong>n l<strong>and</strong>s <strong>in</strong> the prehistoric, the proto-<br />

historic, <strong>and</strong> the classic periods down to the epoch of the migrations.<br />

By history I mean not a repetition of the scanty evidence preserved<br />

by the classical writers <strong>and</strong> illustrated by the archaeological material<br />

but an attempt to def<strong>in</strong>e the part played by <strong>South</strong> <strong>Russia</strong> <strong>in</strong> the<br />

history of the world <strong>in</strong> general, <strong>and</strong> to emphasize the contributions<br />

of <strong>South</strong> <strong>Russia</strong> to the civilization of mank<strong>in</strong>d.<br />

In do<strong>in</strong>g so I was obliged to use every k<strong>in</strong>d of material, especially<br />

the rich archaeological evidence furnished by the <strong>South</strong> <strong>Russia</strong>n<br />

excavations. Notwithst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g this dom<strong>in</strong>ant use of archaeological<br />

material, my book is not a h<strong>and</strong>book of <strong>South</strong> <strong>Russia</strong>n archaeology,<br />

nor is it an <strong>in</strong>vestigation of one section <strong>in</strong> the history of Oriental <strong>and</strong><br />

classical art. I have tried to write history, us<strong>in</strong>g the archaeological

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