254 Polychromy, 52, 124, 125, 128, 132-5, 140-2, 172, 173, 182, 188, 189, 202. Polycrates, 228. Pommels, v. Swords. Pompeii, mosaic, iii. Pompeian, pre-, system of mural decoration, 81. Pompeius Trogus, 86. Pompey, 116, 149, 150, 157. Pontic civilization, 10 ; co<strong>in</strong>s <strong>and</strong> sculptures, 104 ; coastl<strong>and</strong>, 153 ; letters of Ovid, 165 ; orig<strong>in</strong> of graves, 170 ; trade, 229 ; <strong>Greeks</strong>, 147 ; Scythians, 60. Ponto-Cappadocian style, YlovTos (TIovTiKos), 235. 57. Pontus, analogies with S. <strong>Russia</strong>, 11, 136 ; cult of the Great Goddess, 73, 162 ; legendary, 62 ; monarchy <strong>in</strong>, 13, 68, 71 ; political conditions, 117, 148-50, 152, 154, 82. 162 ; Scythians <strong>in</strong>, 10 ; tombs, 77, Poro<strong>in</strong>a, f<strong>in</strong>d, 86, 105, 106, 232. Portraits, of Alex<strong>and</strong>er the Great, 204 ; of Bosphoran citizens, 169 ; of Bactrian <strong>and</strong> Tibetan k<strong>in</strong>gs, 204. Poseidon, 107, 156, 157 ; Scoo-tveoj?, 157. Posidonius, 139, 145. Potnia Theron, Uorvia ©ripwv, v. Great. Goddess, Pottery, neolithic, <strong>in</strong>cised, 16, 17, 225, pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 15, 16, 224, spiral <strong>and</strong> mae<strong>and</strong>er, 5, 16, 17, 90, 91, Tripolye type, 16, Egyptian pre-dynastic, 25, 28, Susian, 16, 51, 191 ; from the graves with contracted skeletons, 90, 91 ; chalcolithic, 5, 15, 17 ; Bronze Age, Hungarian, 92, Trojan, 92, Transcaucasian, 29, 40 ; Hallstatt, 92 ; Middle Dnieper, 91-4 ; La Tfene period, 145 ; Sarmatian, 5th cent., Greek, 123 ; 120, Scythian, 164, 7th 4th cent., cent., 44, 95 ; 93, 6th cent., Hellenistic, 44, 63, 65, 78, Attic, 54, 3 ; Greco-Roman, Roman, 3 ; 214 ?'. Vases. Poulsen, F., 57. Priam, treasure, 30. Pridik, E., 50, 140, 176. Pr<strong>in</strong>z, H., 10. Pripet, river, 213, 221. Prokhorovka, tumulus, 123, Propontis, 228. Protogenes, 70, 87, 99. 124. Prussia, 42, 49. Psalia, \j/dkLa, 129. ; INDEX Psel, river, 96. 236. ^VKTr]p l3ap^apLKds \i66ko\\os , Ptolemaic Egypt, 70. Ptolemies, 70, 236. Ptolemy, the geographer, 162, 213, 216, 219. Pulszky, 188. Pupienus, 183. Purses, ' lake-dwellers ', 30 ; red leather, 175- Pythodoris, 152. Pythodorus, 152. Pyxis, silver, 175. Queen with the Golden Mask, grave, 131, 174-7- Quivers, 40, 46, 55, 100, 129, 160. Radyuvene, f<strong>in</strong>d, 88. Raermond, f<strong>in</strong>d, 138, 232. Ramman-Adad, 29. Rams, representations, 177 ; head, 203. Rattles, II, 48, 49, 52, 56, 97, 99, 204; V. Pole tops <strong>and</strong> St<strong>and</strong>ards. Raven, representation, 108. Read, Sir Hercules, 59, 205. Re<strong>in</strong>ach, S., 6, 58, 136, 139. Re<strong>in</strong>deer, 54 ; representations, 195, 197 ; heads, 195. Re<strong>in</strong>ecke, P., 181, 204, 205. Reliefs, 55, iii, 144, 229, 231. Religious scenes, Asia M<strong>in</strong>or, iii ; Bos- phoran, 160, 179 ; Sarmatian, 137, 138, 186 ; Scythian, 89, 104-6, 108, iii, 130 ; Thracian, 89, 105, 106, 138 ; v. Mythological representations. Repousse technique, 177, 185, 188, 189, 233 ; V. Embossed. Rhescuporis H, k<strong>in</strong>g, 175-8, 183, 184, 187, 235- Rhescuporis, name, 156. Rh<strong>in</strong>e, river, 185, 189, 214. Rhodes, 70, 147. Rhoemetalces, name, 156. Rhyton, 48, 49, 53, 86, 104-6, iii, 188, 232 ; mount<strong>in</strong>gs, 53, 174, 232, 233 ; ends <strong>in</strong> the form of animals, 53, 105. Ribbons, ornamental motive, 198, 199. Richelieu, Due de, i. Riegl, A., 173, 181. R<strong>in</strong>gs, 19, 30, 88, 89, 175 ; engraved, 105, 230 ; str<strong>in</strong>g of, 30 ; as units of exchange, .3°- Rivers, engraved, 23, 25, 28. Robillard de Beaurepaire, E. de, 187.
Rochette, Raoul-, 2. Rods, gold or silver, 19, 20, 30 ; <strong>and</strong> Poles. Roessler, A., 58. Rohde, E., 37. Romanesque art, 208. Romny, 97. INDEX 255 v. Sceptres Roof of the grave chamber, of mats, 45 ; stone, 170, flat, 21, gabled, 21 ; vi^ooden, 19, conical, 47, gabled, 47. Rosettes, 178. 19, 20, 21, 23, 26, 31, 49, 51, Rostahm, 107. Rostov, 219. Rouen Museum, 189. Roundels, v. Horse trapp<strong>in</strong>gs. Roxalans or White Alans, 115, 116, 146. Rudenko, 123. Rugs, 47. Rumania, 16, 42, 88, 90, Runes, 186. Rusas II, k<strong>in</strong>g, 35. 105, 138, 186. Ryzhanovka, tumulus, 97, 230. Sabatier, J., 2. Sabaziasts, 179. Sabazios, 180. Sabbathiasts, 179, 180. Sacians, 10, 60, 83, 114, 197, 229. Saitapharnes, k<strong>in</strong>g, 87, 136. Sakaia, religious festival, 10. Sakasene, 10, 36, 83. Sakastan, 107. Sakerdians, 35. Sal<strong>in</strong>, B., 181, 207. Salmanovo, tumulus, 225. Salonica, 13, 77, 119, 169. Samara, 122. Samian co<strong>in</strong>s, 79. Samnites, 82. Samokvasov, D., 93. Samos, 228. Sanctuaries of the Great Goddess, v. Goddess, Great. S<strong>and</strong>aratians, 87. S<strong>and</strong>as, 180, 234. I,dvri, 234. Sanerges, 179, 180, 234. Saneunos, 18. Saratov, 125. Sarcophagi, stone, 170 ; stone, pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 171 ; marble, 174 ; <strong>in</strong>crusted, 172, 235 ; of Alex<strong>and</strong>er the Great, <strong>in</strong>. Sard<strong>in</strong>ia, 193. Sargon II, 35. Sassanid alphabetical signs, 234 ; art, 130 ; gems, 104 ; monuments, 171 ; Persia, 191, 202 ; Persians, 121. Satyrs, representations, 73, 80, 180 ; heads, 80, 109. Satyros I, k<strong>in</strong>g, 68, 69. Satyros II, k<strong>in</strong>g, 145, 163, 166. Satyros, name, 67. Sauromates II, k<strong>in</strong>g, 184. Sauromates, name, 156. Sauromatians, 33, 34, 39, 107, 113, 144, 156, 231. Sayce, A., 167. Scabbards, Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, 204 ; Lombard, 236 ; Scythian, 50, 55, 200 ; Sc<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>avia, 206, 213. v. Swords. Sc<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>avian art, 208 ; chiefta<strong>in</strong>s, 219 ; countries, 206. Scenes of life, of Asia M<strong>in</strong>or, m ; Cim- ; Greek, athletic merian, warriors, 40 contests, ; 54 Panticapaean, 171, battles, 160, 161, 169, soldiers, 165, 169, idyllic, 160, i6i ; Parthian, hunters <strong>and</strong> warriors, 206; Scythian, 97, 104, 108, 109, iii, 149, catch<strong>in</strong>g horses, 109, hunt<strong>in</strong>g, 108, camp, 108, 109, battles, 108, warriors, 40, 108, 109, racial representations, 108, 109 ; V. Religious scenes. Sceptres, 29, 30, 56, 88, 100, 105, 159, 175 ; with the bust of a Roman Emperor, 158 ; V. Poles <strong>and</strong> Rods. Schiefner, A., 60. Schmidt, H., 16. Schiirer, E., 180. Scirians, 87, 116. Sclavenes, 219. Scopaic art, 109. Scordiscans, 139. Scorpion, k<strong>in</strong>g, 25 . Scribonius, 151, 152. Sculptures, Assyro-Persian, 11 ; Lycian, III ; Panticapaean, 171 ; Paphlagonian, 10, II, 80 ; Pontic, 104 ; S<strong>in</strong>jirli, 58. Scylax, pseudo-, 114, 143. Scythia Taurica, 154. Scytho-Assyrian style, 51. Seals, 175 ; Elamitic, 24, 27 ; Persian, 122, engraved, 123 ; Seistan, 115. Sumerian, 25, 228. Seleucus I, Semites, 34. 236. Semitic countries, 182 ; gods, 234 ; pre- Semitic population, 34.
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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT W
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'^1 Cornell University Library The
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Oxford University Press London Edin
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IRANIANS &? GREEKS IN SOUTH RUSSIA
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THIS PREFACE book is not intended t
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PREFACE ix Greek world. South Russi
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CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTORY i II.
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XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XII. Silv
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FIG. 3- 4- 5- 6. FIGURES IN THE TEX
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2 INTRODUCTORY discovery and study
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4 INTRODUCTORY Simultaneously, anot
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6 INTRODUCTORY The three works are
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8 INTRODUCTORY South Russia is a gr
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lo INTRODUCTORY Scythian tribes est
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INTRODUCTORY ii see in the Paphlago
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INTRODUCTORY 13 cities and of the n
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p L A T p: II BRONZE POLE-TOPS FROM
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i6 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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i8 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 19 ot
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THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 21 th
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.««
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24 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS be
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26 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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28 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Me
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30 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
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32 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
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34 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Su
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36 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE defeats w
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38 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE is no dou
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40 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE Unhappily
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 41 geomet
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 43 than a
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' The SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 45
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THE SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 47 wa
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PLATE V I ENGRAVED A i\' D GILT SIL
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so THE CIMMERIANS AND THE the gilt
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 51 displa
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PLATE VIII I, 2. IRON AXE AND IRON
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54 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE horse-tra
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SCYTHIANSIN SOUTH RUSSIA 55 there a
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PLATE X BRONZK POLE-TOPS AND A BRON
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58 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE a metal d
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 59 times
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I IV THE GREEKS ON THE SHORES OF TH
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PLATE XII SILVER AND GOLD RHYTA FRO
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64 THEGREEKSONTHE Sea. Chersonesus
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 65 the most
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PLATE XIV GREEK BRONZE BREASTPLATE
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68 THEGREEKSONTHE Did this revoluti
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70 THEGREEKSONTHE position of Panti
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 71 was weal
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 73 Goddess
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PLATE Xy I. Engraved CHALCEDONY SCA
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76 THEGREEKSONTHE tive art. Round t
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78 THEGREEKSONTHE Cimmerian Bosphor
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 79 Minor as
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PLATE X \M I I 4 I. EARRINGS FROM T
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82 GREEKS AT THE BLACK SEA bounded
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84 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE a ruling cl
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86 THESCYTHIANSINTHE enlarge their
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88 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE Scythian as
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90 THESCYTHIANSINTHE dangerous riva
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92 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE most of all
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94 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE these produ
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96 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE graves ; an
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98 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE that in the
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 99
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@ D @ CHAMBER 11 STEP 5TEP PLAN CHA
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PLATE XX SILVER CUP AND GOLD PATERA
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104 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE the origin
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 105
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PLATE XXII "^'^JV^ , ELECTRUM VASE
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io8 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE we (pi. XV
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no THE SCYTHIANS IN THE influenced
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. iii
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THE VI THE SARMATIANS Sarmatians ar
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THE S ARM AT IAN S 115 construction
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THE SARMATIANS 117 enemy on her fro
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THE SARMATIANS 119 an alliance, or
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n ..'.._4 PLATE XXIV
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122 THESARMATIANS lengthy and so mi
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124 THESARMATIANS was found in one
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126 THE SARMATIANS runners of the s
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128 THESARMATIANS also obtain a ric
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THESARMATIANS 129 struction of the
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e=;l>t^ KUBAMSKAYA OBLASf Nekrasovs
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THE SARMATIANS 133 the field. The t
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THESARMATIANS 135 Kuban culture app
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PLATE X X \' I I. CROWN 2. PERFUME
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138 THESARMATIANS century B.C., con
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THESARMATIANS 139 Reinach and Drexe
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THESARMATIANS 141 single great find
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THESARMATIANS 143 appear to be the
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THESARMATIANS 145 tians. The Siraci
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THE VII THE GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH R
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 149 the northern c
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IN THE ROMAN PERIOD 151 confront Mi
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 153 about the poli
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 155 without Roman
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 157 Athenian origi
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 159 In the course
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PLATE XXVIII -vVt^oTKM-.'ir- WALL P
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i62 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA de
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 163 Sea, efforts w
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 165 Bosphoran citi
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sy /.;);> *:tv. PLATE XXX I. CLAY S
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i68 .GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA P
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I70 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA th
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172 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA pe
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174 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA su
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176 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fa
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178 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA wi
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i8o GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fo
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i82 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND On the
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i84 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND porary
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i86 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND in Mer
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i88 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND publis
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190 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND orname
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192 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND of met
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194 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND horse
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196 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND object
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198 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND art I
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200 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND that i
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202 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND Scythi
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THE ANIMAL STYLE 203 towards a natu
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THEANIMALSTYLE 205 Chinese graves ;
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