242 INDEX Boars, wild, representations, 23, 27, 28 ; comb<strong>in</strong>ation with a lion <strong>and</strong> a goat, 59 ; heads, 195 ; mastered by Herakles, 138 ; tooth with a gold mount<strong>in</strong>g; 122. Bobr<strong>in</strong>skoy, Ct. A., 5, 6, 90, 93. Boeckh, A., 6, 163. Boerebista, k<strong>in</strong>g, 151. Bondorf, f<strong>in</strong>d, 236. Boomerang as symbol of a deity, 29. Bori, f<strong>in</strong>d, 232, 233. Bosphorus, straits, 61, 62, 67 ; v. Kerch, straits. Bosphorus, Cimmerian, straits, 9, 12, 13, 33. .37-9> 43. 65, 66, 154 ; v. Kerch, straits. Bosphorus, Thracian, straits, 68, 154, 217. Bottles, gold, 130, 132, 140, 142, 175, 177, <strong>in</strong>scribed, 234. 233 ; Bows, Cimmerian, 41 ; Sarmatian, 121, Scythian, 55, 121, 227. 129, 169 ; Bow-cases, Scythian, 55, 227 ; v. Gorytus. Boxes, toilet, 170 ; of wood, 171. Bracelets, 76, 111, 142, 177, 182 ; 21, 30. 31 ; 187 ; silver, 79 ; snake, 53. Br<strong>and</strong>enburg, 93. Brenner, E., 187. Brezovo, tumulus, 88, 89, 105. of beads, gold, 102, 125, 133, 17s, 176, Bridles, Assyrian, 56, 130, 227 ; Hittite, 56 ; Sarmatian, 125, 129, 171, 175-7 '> Scythian, 48, 52, 54, 55, 58, 88, 89, 99, I02, III, 134; bits, 46, 89; V. Horse trapp<strong>in</strong>gs. Brita<strong>in</strong>, 164, 236. British Museum, 11, 40, 56-8, 108, 133, 188,189,228. Bronze Age, 11, 14, 15, 17, 22, 28-32, 40, 58, 90, 92, 122, 197. Brooches, gold, 128, 174, 182, 188, 189, 233, 236 ; V. Fibulae. Brooklyn Museum, 26. Brown, Baldw<strong>in</strong> G., 189. Buck<strong>in</strong>ghamshire, i§8. Buerova Mogila, grave, 125, 174, 232. Bug, river, 15-17, 42-4, 63-5, 87, 90, 92, 94, 96, 145, 201, 212, 213, 221, 230. Bulgaria, 42, 77, 88-90, 97, 105, 137, 220, 224, 232. Bulgarian phalarae, 138, 233 ; Bulgars, 220. v. Phalarae. Bulls, representations, 22-4, 26, 27, 29, 30, 192 ; heads, 56, 105 ; v. Oxen. Burials, Caucasian, 29, 30 ; Hittite, 31 ; V. Graves. Byzantium, 14, 155, 208, 220. empire, 155, 219- Byzant<strong>in</strong>e culture, 221 ; 22 ; emperor, 220 ; reliefs, 231. Cab<strong>in</strong>et des Medailles, Paris, 136, 137. Caesar, Julius, 150, 151, 214. Caesars, names, 150. Caesarea, 157. Cairo Museum, 27. Call<strong>in</strong>icus, Julius, funeral <strong>in</strong>scription, 235. Calvados, 187. Cameos, 135, 177. C<strong>and</strong>elabra, bronze, 53, 128. Canopy, funerary, 20, 21, 24, 26, 30, 48-50, 52, 56. 97. 99. 102, 227, 232. Caparison, 97, 130 ; v. Horse trapp<strong>in</strong>gs. Capital, wooden, represent<strong>in</strong>g a besieged city, 231. Capitol, Panticapaeum, 158. Cappadocia, 82 ; Cimmerians <strong>in</strong>, 36, 40 ; economic cult of the Great Goddess, ; 73 conditions, 162 ; monarchy, 71 ; Roman armies <strong>in</strong>, 118, 154 ; Scythians <strong>in</strong>, 10, 11. Cappadocian art, 11, 53, 139, 193 ; bronzes, 40, 56 ; colonists <strong>in</strong> the Crimea, 150 ; satrap, 84. Caracalla, Anton<strong>in</strong>us, 176. Carchemish, 31, 193. Caria, 77. Carian legends, 43, 61, 62. Carians, 19, 61, 62, 65, 228. Carlsruhe Museum, 236. Carnarvon Collection, 26. Carnelians, beads, 19, 21, 175 ; fixed <strong>in</strong> bezels, 178. Carol<strong>in</strong>gian style, 237. Carpathians, mounta<strong>in</strong>s, 219, 221. Cars, funeral, v. Chariots. Carthage, 131, 187, 235. Carthag<strong>in</strong>ian tomb, 187. Carts, funeral, v. Chariots. Caspian Sea, 38, 115, 121, 122, 220. Cassite deity, 29. Castel Tros<strong>in</strong>o, 236. Cat tribe, representations, 195. Caucasian bronzes, 227 ; burials, 29, 30 ; Hermonassa, 19 ; mounta<strong>in</strong>s, 40, representation, 28. Caucasus, 7-9, 54, 55, 136, 208 ; animal style, 31 ; Argonautic legends, 62 ; Bronze Age, 28, 32, 40 ; Cimmerians <strong>in</strong>, 38, 40 ; Copper Age, 21, 28, 31 ; cult of Sabazios, 180 ; Darius' expedition, 84 ; Greek colonies, 63, 64 ; metals, 18 ;
objects from, 133, 142, 333 ; pirates, 63 ; Sarmatians <strong>in</strong>, 113, 116-18, 128, 144; Scythians <strong>in</strong>, 83-5, 227 ; sus, f<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>and</strong> cemeteries, 232 ; Central Cauca- Northern, 53 ; Bronze Age, 28 ; Copper Age, 21, 22, 28, 29, 30, 32 ; <strong>in</strong>laid technique, 58 ; <strong>in</strong>tercourse with the Crimea, 38 ; objects from, 185 ; <strong>South</strong>ern, Copper Age, 28 ; f<strong>in</strong>ds, S3. Cauldrons, 102, 130, 138, 139, 205, 227, 232 ; <strong>in</strong>scribed, 130, 140, 233, 234. Celt, bronze, 40. Celtic enamels, 236 ; fibula, 130 ; style, 189, 190, 336 ; tribes, 87, 145 ; world, 130. Celto-Germanic current, 116. Celto-Scythians, 139, 145. Celts, 116, 139, 172, 213, 214, 230. Cemeteries, excavation, 3, 4, 74, 229 ; Bronze Age, 28 ; Central Caucasus, 232 ; Copper Age, 19 ; crematory, urn fields, 146 ; Egyptian, 19 ; Elamitic, 19 ; German, 214 ; Gotho-Sarmatian, 185 ; Greek, 3, 65, 74, 75, 78, 82, no, 170, 229 ; Mesopotamian, 19 ; Middle Dnieper, 213 ; neolithic, 90 ; Pontic, 10 ; Sarmatian, 125, 143, 144, 164 ; Scythian, 10, 52, 54, 97, 163 ; Thracian, 229. Cha<strong>in</strong> of gold tubes, 102. Chalcedony, 177, 178. Chalcolithic culture, 5, 15, 17. Chaldian k<strong>in</strong>gdom of Van, 35, 58. Chalybians, 18, 61. Chamber graves, v. Graves. Champleve, v. Enamel. Chariots, funeral, 45, 48, 49, 52, 56, 76, 97, 99, 102, III, 227. Chavannes, E., 237. Chelidon, funeral <strong>in</strong>scription, 235. Chernaya Dol<strong>in</strong>a, tumulus, v. Black Valley. Chernigov, 185, 215. Chersonesans, 148, 149. Chersonese, Thracian, 85, 90. Chersonesus, Byzant<strong>in</strong>e, 155, 217 ; ceme- tery, 3 ; co<strong>in</strong>s, 72, 73 ; cults, 72, 179 ; Dorian character, ; 74 enamels, Celtic, 236 ; economic conditions, 12, 64, 68, 69, 76, 164 ; founded by lonians, 63 ; Goths <strong>and</strong>, 217, 218 ; <strong>in</strong>scriptions, 151, 235 ; political life, 147-151 ; Scythians <strong>and</strong>, 70 ; Roman occupation, 154, 155, 163. Chertomlyk, tumulus, 4, 5, 95, 97, 102, 104, 109. Ch<strong>in</strong>a, 115, 132, 198-205, 210, 233, 237. Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, 198, 200, 204, 205, 233. INDEX 243 Ch<strong>in</strong>ese animal style, 197-201, 205, 237 ; art, 132, 197-200, 205 ; emperors, 160 ; funerary ceremonies, 49 ; frontier, 114; graves, 170, 204, 205 ; military life, 203 ; objects, 129, 132, 198-200, 204, 205, 234 ; sources, 114, 115 ; Turkestan, 115 ; Wall, 115,205. Chirpan, 88. Chmyreva Mogila, tumulus, 95, 102. Christiania, 207. Chthonic div<strong>in</strong>ities, 73, 179. Chu dynasty, 198-200, 205, 237. Chulek, f<strong>in</strong>d, 185, 232. Churches, Christian, decoration of, 171. Chvojka, v., 5, 16, 90, 93. Cimmero-Maeotian population, 65 ; v. Maeotians. Circe isl<strong>and</strong>, 62. Circlet, gold, 175, 176. Cities, representations, besieged, 231 ; for- tified, 160. Clamps, bronze <strong>and</strong> iron, <strong>in</strong> masonry, 78, 79- Clasps, 52, 106, 177, 181, 183, 184; belt clasps, 40, 50, 51, 132-5, 140, 167. Claudius, Emperor, 118, 154. Clazomenai, 63. Clazomenians, 43, 65. Cloisonne, v. Enamel. Cnidos, 114. Coff<strong>in</strong>s, 74-7, 80, 108 ; wooden, 170, 171, 175, 178 ; wooden pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 3 ; wooden carved, gilded, <strong>and</strong> pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 171 ; with plaster figures, 172 ; <strong>in</strong>laid, 76, 171. Co<strong>in</strong>s, 183 ; Aeg<strong>in</strong>etan, 228 ; Athenian, 229 ; Bosphoran, 10, 11, 66, 73, 79, 80, 109, 151, 156-60, 167, 170, 179, 180, 183, 184, 214, 215, 228, 229 ; Chersonesus, 72, 73 ; Cyzicus, 80 ; Greek, 95, 130, 229 ; Olbia, 216; Pontic, 104; Roman, 141, 183,184,214,215; Samos,79,228 ; Sassanian, 234 ; Scythian, 86, 231 ; Thracian, 158 ; Tyras, 216 ; v. Impr<strong>in</strong>ts of co<strong>in</strong>s. Colchians, i8. Collar, silver, 22. Column of Trajan, 13, 169. Comb, gold, 102, 108, Commagene, 13, 71, 158. Commodus, 154, 157, 178. Communion, holy, or royal <strong>in</strong>vestiture, or sacred oath, representations, 89, 104-6, 138, 231. Constant<strong>in</strong>e, 217.
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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT W
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'^1 Cornell University Library The
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Oxford University Press London Edin
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IRANIANS &? GREEKS IN SOUTH RUSSIA
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THIS PREFACE book is not intended t
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PREFACE ix Greek world. South Russi
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CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTORY i II.
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XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XII. Silv
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FIG. 3- 4- 5- 6. FIGURES IN THE TEX
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2 INTRODUCTORY discovery and study
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4 INTRODUCTORY Simultaneously, anot
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6 INTRODUCTORY The three works are
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8 INTRODUCTORY South Russia is a gr
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lo INTRODUCTORY Scythian tribes est
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INTRODUCTORY ii see in the Paphlago
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INTRODUCTORY 13 cities and of the n
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p L A T p: II BRONZE POLE-TOPS FROM
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i6 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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i8 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 19 ot
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THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 21 th
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.««
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24 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS be
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26 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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28 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Me
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30 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
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32 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
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34 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Su
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36 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE defeats w
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38 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE is no dou
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40 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE Unhappily
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 41 geomet
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 43 than a
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' The SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 45
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THE SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 47 wa
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PLATE V I ENGRAVED A i\' D GILT SIL
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so THE CIMMERIANS AND THE the gilt
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 51 displa
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PLATE VIII I, 2. IRON AXE AND IRON
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54 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE horse-tra
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SCYTHIANSIN SOUTH RUSSIA 55 there a
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PLATE X BRONZK POLE-TOPS AND A BRON
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58 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE a metal d
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 59 times
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I IV THE GREEKS ON THE SHORES OF TH
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PLATE XII SILVER AND GOLD RHYTA FRO
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64 THEGREEKSONTHE Sea. Chersonesus
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 65 the most
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PLATE XIV GREEK BRONZE BREASTPLATE
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68 THEGREEKSONTHE Did this revoluti
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70 THEGREEKSONTHE position of Panti
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 71 was weal
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 73 Goddess
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PLATE Xy I. Engraved CHALCEDONY SCA
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76 THEGREEKSONTHE tive art. Round t
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78 THEGREEKSONTHE Cimmerian Bosphor
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 79 Minor as
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PLATE X \M I I 4 I. EARRINGS FROM T
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82 GREEKS AT THE BLACK SEA bounded
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84 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE a ruling cl
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86 THESCYTHIANSINTHE enlarge their
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88 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE Scythian as
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90 THESCYTHIANSINTHE dangerous riva
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92 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE most of all
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94 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE these produ
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96 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE graves ; an
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98 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE that in the
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 99
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@ D @ CHAMBER 11 STEP 5TEP PLAN CHA
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PLATE XX SILVER CUP AND GOLD PATERA
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104 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE the origin
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 105
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PLATE XXII "^'^JV^ , ELECTRUM VASE
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io8 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE we (pi. XV
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no THE SCYTHIANS IN THE influenced
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. iii
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THE VI THE SARMATIANS Sarmatians ar
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THE S ARM AT IAN S 115 construction
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THE SARMATIANS 117 enemy on her fro
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THE SARMATIANS 119 an alliance, or
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n ..'.._4 PLATE XXIV
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122 THESARMATIANS lengthy and so mi
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124 THESARMATIANS was found in one
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126 THE SARMATIANS runners of the s
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128 THESARMATIANS also obtain a ric
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THESARMATIANS 129 struction of the
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e=;l>t^ KUBAMSKAYA OBLASf Nekrasovs
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THE SARMATIANS 133 the field. The t
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THESARMATIANS 135 Kuban culture app
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PLATE X X \' I I. CROWN 2. PERFUME
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138 THESARMATIANS century B.C., con
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THESARMATIANS 139 Reinach and Drexe
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THESARMATIANS 141 single great find
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THESARMATIANS 143 appear to be the
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THESARMATIANS 145 tians. The Siraci
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THE VII THE GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH R
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 149 the northern c
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IN THE ROMAN PERIOD 151 confront Mi
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 153 about the poli
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 155 without Roman
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 157 Athenian origi
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 159 In the course
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PLATE XXVIII -vVt^oTKM-.'ir- WALL P
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i62 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA de
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 163 Sea, efforts w
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 165 Bosphoran citi
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sy /.;);> *:tv. PLATE XXX I. CLAY S
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i68 .GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA P
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I70 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA th
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172 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA pe
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174 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA su
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176 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fa
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178 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA wi
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i8o GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fo
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i82 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND On the
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i84 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND porary
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i86 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND in Mer
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i88 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND publis
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190 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND orname
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192 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND of met
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194 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND horse
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196 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND object
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