Iranians and Greeks in South Russia - Robert Bedrosian's Armenian ...

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FIG. 3- 4- 5- 6. FIGURES IN THE TEXT 1. Plan of the Maikop burial 2. Engravings on the Maikop vase The tumulus of Kostromskaya. Section. Plan The Ulski barrow. Plan. Perspective Sketch The burial in the barrow of Elizavetinskaya ...... Horse trappings from the Southern Caucasus and Kuban 7. Plan of a grave-chamber in Anapa . the region of the 8. Two stone chambers in the tumuli of Yiiz-Oba, near Panticapaeum 9. ..... Clay vases of indigenous fabrication from the Middle 7th to 4th cent. B.C. Dnieper 10. Section and plan of a grave on the Middle Dnieper 11. Plan of the Solokha barrow . ... 12. The ..... Central grave, Solokha. Plan. Section on line 13. The Side grave, Solokha A-B 14. Barrow in the Orenburg region. Plan. Section 15. Sarmatian grave in the Kuban region. Plan. Section 16. Glass vases, brooches, &c., from the Kuban barrows ...... 17. Sarmatian garment plaques of gold . 18. Sarmatian bottles 19. Brooches of the Sarmatian .... graves 20. The phalara from Starobelsk 21. Horse trappings. Animal style. 6th to 3rd cent. B.c 22. Horse trappings. Animal style. 5th to 4th cent. B.c 23. Horse trappings from North Russia. . PAGE 20 23 46 47 48 57 74 75 91 93 100 lOI 103 123 126 127 131 132 133 137 194 196 206
THE INTRODUCTORY early history of South Russia has never been treated in a purely historical way. South Russia has never been studied as an integral portion of the ancient world, and as one which took a share, sometimes a very important share, in the general development of Oriental and Greco-Roman civilization. Archaeologists, attracted by the astonishing wealth of the Greek, Scythian, and Sarmatian finds in South Russia, have been content to classify and to date the objects without utilizing them for the purpose of history : historians and epigraphists have applied themselves to tracing the history of the Greek colonies in Russia, and have not attempted to understand it as part of a more general history—that of South Russia as a whole, and that of the entire Oriental and classical world. Proof of this will be furnished by a short survey of archaeological discovery in Russia, and of the literature which it has called forth. The first persons to interest themselves in the national antiquities of Russia, and the first who tried to comprehend their historical and artistic value, were for the most part French emigrants who found a welcome and a home in Russia after the French Revolution. These emigrants exercised considerable influence on Russian intellectual life at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and in particular, they did much to awaken in official and intellectual circles a lively interest in the numerous relics of classical antiquity, which were being unearthed in South Russia, and especially at Kerch, the ancient Panticapaeum. It would take too long to enumerate all the Frenchmen who worked side by side with the Russians at this task : a few names must suffice. I shall mention the Due de Richelieu, whose stay at Odessa was of great importance for the intellectual life of South Russia in general, and whose enlightened influence strengthened the interest in national antiquities which was growing up in the great commercial city ; the Comte de Langeron, governor of New Russia at the beginning of the Cousinery, French consul at Odessa, who formed nineteenth century ; the first large collection of the coins of the Greek colonies in South Russia. These were official personages ; still more was accomplished by educated and devoted workers who consecrated their lives to the B 2353
Page 2 and 3: CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT W
Page 4: '^1 Cornell University Library The
Page 8: Oxford University Press London Edin
Page 15: IRANIANS &? GREEKS IN SOUTH RUSSIA
Page 19 and 20: THIS PREFACE book is not intended t
Page 21 and 22: PREFACE ix Greek world. South Russi
Page 23: CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTORY i II.
Page 26 and 27: XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XII. Silv
Page 30 and 31: 2 INTRODUCTORY discovery and study
Page 32 and 33: 4 INTRODUCTORY Simultaneously, anot
Page 34 and 35: 6 INTRODUCTORY The three works are
Page 36 and 37: 8 INTRODUCTORY South Russia is a gr
Page 38 and 39: lo INTRODUCTORY Scythian tribes est
Page 41 and 42: INTRODUCTORY ii see in the Paphlago
Page 43 and 44: INTRODUCTORY 13 cities and of the n
Page 45: p L A T p: II BRONZE POLE-TOPS FROM
Page 48 and 49: i6 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
Page 50 and 51: i8 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
Page 53 and 54: THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 19 ot
Page 55 and 56: THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 21 th
Page 57: .««
Page 60 and 61: 24 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS be
Page 62 and 63: 26 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
Page 64 and 65: 28 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Me
Page 66 and 67: 30 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
Page 68 and 69: 32 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
Page 70 and 71: 34 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Su
Page 72 and 73: 36 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE defeats w
Page 74 and 75: 38 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE is no dou
Page 76 and 77: 40 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE Unhappily
Page 79 and 80:
SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 41 geomet
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 43 than a
Page 83 and 84:
' The SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 45
Page 85 and 86:
THE SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 47 wa
Page 87:
PLATE V I ENGRAVED A i\' D GILT SIL
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so THE CIMMERIANS AND THE the gilt
Page 93 and 94:
SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 51 displa
Page 95:
PLATE VIII I, 2. IRON AXE AND IRON
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54 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE horse-tra
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SCYTHIANSIN SOUTH RUSSIA 55 there a
Page 103:
PLATE X BRONZK POLE-TOPS AND A BRON
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58 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE a metal d
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 59 times
Page 111 and 112:
I IV THE GREEKS ON THE SHORES OF TH
Page 113:
PLATE XII SILVER AND GOLD RHYTA FRO
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64 THEGREEKSONTHE Sea. Chersonesus
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 65 the most
Page 121:
PLATE XIV GREEK BRONZE BREASTPLATE
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68 THEGREEKSONTHE Did this revoluti
Page 126 and 127:
70 THEGREEKSONTHE position of Panti
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 71 was weal
Page 131 and 132:
SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 73 Goddess
Page 133:
PLATE Xy I. Engraved CHALCEDONY SCA
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76 THEGREEKSONTHE tive art. Round t
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78 THEGREEKSONTHE Cimmerian Bosphor
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 79 Minor as
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PLATE X \M I I 4 I. EARRINGS FROM T
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82 GREEKS AT THE BLACK SEA bounded
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84 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE a ruling cl
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86 THESCYTHIANSINTHE enlarge their
Page 152 and 153:
88 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE Scythian as
Page 154 and 155:
90 THESCYTHIANSINTHE dangerous riva
Page 156 and 157:
92 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE most of all
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94 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE these produ
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96 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE graves ; an
Page 162 and 163:
98 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE that in the
Page 165 and 166:
FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 99
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@ D @ CHAMBER 11 STEP 5TEP PLAN CHA
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PLATE XX SILVER CUP AND GOLD PATERA
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104 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE the origin
Page 175 and 176:
FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 105
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PLATE XXII "^'^JV^ , ELECTRUM VASE
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io8 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE we (pi. XV
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no THE SCYTHIANS IN THE influenced
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. iii
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THE VI THE SARMATIANS Sarmatians ar
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THE S ARM AT IAN S 115 construction
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THE SARMATIANS 117 enemy on her fro
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THE SARMATIANS 119 an alliance, or
Page 195:
n ..'.._4 PLATE XXIV
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122 THESARMATIANS lengthy and so mi
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124 THESARMATIANS was found in one
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126 THE SARMATIANS runners of the s
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128 THESARMATIANS also obtain a ric
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THESARMATIANS 129 struction of the
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e=;l>t^ KUBAMSKAYA OBLASf Nekrasovs
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THE SARMATIANS 133 the field. The t
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THESARMATIANS 135 Kuban culture app
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PLATE X X \' I I. CROWN 2. PERFUME
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138 THESARMATIANS century B.C., con
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THESARMATIANS 139 Reinach and Drexe
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THESARMATIANS 141 single great find
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THESARMATIANS 143 appear to be the
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THESARMATIANS 145 tians. The Siraci
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THE VII THE GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH R
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 149 the northern c
Page 233 and 234:
IN THE ROMAN PERIOD 151 confront Mi
Page 235 and 236:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 153 about the poli
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 155 without Roman
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 157 Athenian origi
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 159 In the course
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PLATE XXVIII -vVt^oTKM-.'ir- WALL P
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i62 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA de
Page 249 and 250:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 163 Sea, efforts w
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 165 Bosphoran citi
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sy /.;);> *:tv. PLATE XXX I. CLAY S
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i68 .GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA P
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I70 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA th
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172 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA pe
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174 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA su
Page 264 and 265:
176 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fa
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178 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA wi
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i8o GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fo
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i82 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND On the
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i84 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND porary
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i86 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND in Mer
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i88 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND publis
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190 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND orname
Page 280 and 281:
192 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND of met
Page 282 and 283:
194 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND horse
Page 284 and 285:
196 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND object
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198 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND art I
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200 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND that i
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202 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND Scythi
Page 293 and 294:
THE ANIMAL STYLE 203 towards a natu
Page 295 and 296:
THEANIMALSTYLE 205 Chinese graves ;
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T L A T E XXXII a2*;w -»»^* : -i:
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2o8 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND cause
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IN IX THE ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STA
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212 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE pla
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214 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE pla
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2i6 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE wer
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2i8 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE but
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220 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE In
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222 RUSSIAN STATE ON THE DNIEPER cu
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BI BLIOGR APH Y CHAPTER I. GENERAL
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 225 I fF. ; Farmakovsk
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 227 8. Scythian graves
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 7. The most ancien
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 231 9. Greco-Scythian
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 233 14. Siberia. N. C.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 I am not sure that
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 237 arch. 1905 (ii), 3
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Abdera, 329. Achaeans, 61. Achaemen
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Aspurgos, king, 152, 153, 156, 166.
Page 337 and 338:
objects from, 133, 142, 333 ; pirat
Page 339 and 340:
Goddess, 34, 107 ; ethnological and
Page 341 and 342:
Gerrhoi, 45, 95, 96. Getians, 41, 8
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Hvareno, 105. Hydra devouring a goa
Page 345 and 346:
Macedonians, 86, 98. Maeanders, 199
Page 347 and 348:
coins, 228 ; cults, 72, 73, 165, 17
Page 349 and 350:
Rochette, Raoul-, 2. Rods, gold or
Page 351 and 352:
Stirrups, 121, 130. Stones, preciou
Page 353 and 354:
Ulski, tumulus, 22, 31, 41, 47, 199
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