256 INDEX Sennacherib, 35. Serbia, 220. Serogozy, tumulus, 95, 102. Serpents, representations, 139 ; v. Snakes ; serpent-footed, 73, 107, 108. Sesostris, 36, 226. Sevastopol, 17. Seven Brothers, tumulus, 4, 52-4, 78, 122, 140, 188, 201, 226, 237. Severi, 155. Severus, Septimius, 154, 215. Sheaths, v. Swords. Sheep, representations, 192, 195. Shields, 46, 158, 169, 184. Ships, pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 25 ; funerary, 207. Shirt, bronze, 55. Shugamuna, 29. Shumen, 224. Shume^ko's farm, tumulus, 42, 51, 227. Siberia, animal style, 58, 178, 197, 201-3, 237 ; Assyrian <strong>in</strong>fluence on, 56, 197 ; commercial relations with S. <strong>Russia</strong>, 213 ; Iranian tribes <strong>in</strong>, 115 ; objects from, 11, 139-43, 186, 232 ; polychrome style, 174, Roman co<strong>in</strong>s <strong>and</strong> objects 177, 182, 190 ; <strong>in</strong>, 231. 141, 215 ; Sarmatians <strong>in</strong>, 121, 143, Siberian art, 202, 207 ; f<strong>in</strong>ds, 141, 186 ; jewellery, 134, 135, 202 ; plaques, 13, 140, 202, 203, 205, 233. Sicily, 68, 71. Siebenbrunnen, f<strong>in</strong>d, 176, 187, 235. Signatures of artists, 74, 76, 135. Silens, representations, 73, 80, 180 ; 73, 80, 109. Simferopol, 42, 52, 117, 137, 163, 226. S<strong>in</strong>dian pr<strong>in</strong>ces, 68. S<strong>in</strong>dians, 12, 33, 34, 39, 40, 65, 66, 68. heads, S<strong>in</strong>jirli, 58. S<strong>in</strong>ope, 10, 62, 63, 67, 82, 162, 228, 235-, Sij^coTrevs, 235. Siracians, 116, 120, 145, 163, 164. Stpa/cwj', 163. Siren with a lyre, representation, 138. Siverskaya Stanitsa, f<strong>in</strong>d, 136, 137, 139, 188, 189, 232. Skadovski, G., 65. Skeletons, contracted, pa<strong>in</strong>ted red, v. Graves. Skiluros, k<strong>in</strong>g, 148, 163, 231. Skorpil, v., 167. Skyles, k<strong>in</strong>g, 65, 110. Skythene, 10, 36, 83. Slavonic antiquities, 14 ; country, 42 culture, 221 ; federation, 219 ; race, 211, 222 ; <strong>Russia</strong>, 238 ; states, 218, 220 ; tribes, 5, 98, 210. Slavs, 146, 218, 219, 222. Sledges, funerary, 207. Smela, 5, 6. Snakes, representations, 28, 192, 198, 200 ; V. Serpents. Sofia, 220. Solokha, tumulus, 5, 10, 40, 60, 95, 99-101, 103, 106, 108, 109, III, 188, 193, 201, 230, 231. Sophia, S., 220. Spa<strong>in</strong>, 13, 82, 119, 141, 151, 186, 220, 236. Spanish polychrome style, 191. Spartocid period, 159, 165, 169, 171 ; tradition, 170. Spartocids, 85, 156, 157. Spartocos I, k<strong>in</strong>g, 67, 68, 70. Spartocos III, k<strong>in</strong>g, 69. Spartocos, name, 67. Spears, 29, 30, 41, 45, 55, 158, 160, 175, 177, 204 ; V. Lances ; as symbol of a deity, 29 ; heads, 24, 29, 46. Sph<strong>in</strong>xes, representations, 192, 207. Spikes, decorated with human figures, 22 ; sacred with a horse's skull, representation, 105. Spiral, beads, 31 ; <strong>and</strong> mae<strong>and</strong>er patterns, 198-200 ; pottery, 5, 16, 17, 90, 91. Spitsyn, A., 90, 136. Spoons, silver, Spurs, 143. 175. Stags, representations, 137, 193, 195, 196. St<strong>and</strong>ards, 49, 52, 56, 59, 195, 227 ; v. Poles <strong>and</strong> Rattles. Starobelsk, f<strong>in</strong>d, 136-8. Staromyshastovskaya Stanitsa, f<strong>in</strong>d, 21, 23, 27, 30. Stasov, v., 7, 136. ~ Staters, gold, lo, 79, 80. Statues, funerary, 144. Statuettes, clay, female, 22, 31, 32; gold, from Siberia, 142. Stavr6pol, f<strong>in</strong>d, 125, 132, 138, 187, 231. Stelai, funerary, 165, 168, 169, 171, 204 ; pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 170, 171 ; of Narams<strong>in</strong>, 25. Stephani, L., 6, 53, 73, 176. Stephanus of Byzantium, 18. Stern, E. von, 3, 7, 16, 40, 64, 65, 178, 181, 234- ;
Stirrups, 121, 130. Stones, precious, engraved, 234, <strong>and</strong> signed by artists, 76 ; <strong>in</strong>set, 14, 57, 125, 128, 129, 132-5, 142, 173, 174, 177, 178, 182, 184, 186-90, 232, 233, 235, <strong>and</strong> cut to the required shape, 173, 184, 185, 190 ; V. Gems. Strabo, 37-9, 115, 116, 139, 160, 162, 164. Straps, 56 ; mounts, <strong>in</strong>scribed, 167. Stratocleia, 67. Strigils, 74. Strips of gold, 19. Structures, funerary, neolithic, suggest<strong>in</strong>g a Roman columbarium, 16, 17 ; stone of the dolmen type, 21, 28. Stuffs, Greek imported, 44 ; <strong>in</strong> the tombs, 75- Sudak, 221. Suevians, 119. Sula, 96. Sumer, 27, 28, 31, 198. Sumerian art, 57, 192, 198, 236 ; monuments, 27, 30 ; period, 192 ; seal, 228. Sumerian Babylon, 59. Susa, 15, 16, 27, 51, 57, 58, 133, 134, 140, 174, 191, 227. Suuk-Su, f<strong>in</strong>d, 185. Svyatoslav, 220. Swan, grasped by an eagle, gold, 140. Sweden, 207. Swedes, 222. Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, 30. Swords, Assyrian, 129 ; Bronze Age, 29 Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, 129, 204 ; Gothic, 184 ; Iranian 102 ; Middle Dnieper, 90 ; Roman, 158 Sarmatian, 121, 123, 129, 143, 169, 175 184, 204, 234 ; Scythian, 55, 100, 227 sword-sheaths, Sarmatian, 125, 129, 174 Scythian, 52, 58, 100, 104, 201 ; hilts Assyrian, 129 ; Assyro-Persian, 193, 237 Sarmatian, 129 ; guards, Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, stone 204 ; Sarmatian, stone, 129, 169, 204 Scythian, gold-plated, 100 ; pommels Assyrian, 129 ; Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, 204 ; Sarma- tian, 129, 169, 204 ; Transcaucasian, 58 V. Daggers <strong>and</strong> Scabbards. Syracuse, 68, 71. North Syria, 141, 171, 172, 182, 189,236 ; 227. Syrian garnet, 177 ; polychrome style, 189 190, 236. Syriscos, 148. Szilagy-Somlyo, f<strong>in</strong>d, 185, 187, 188, 235. 2353 INDEX 257 Tahiti, 107. Tablets, proto-Elamitic, 27. Tacitus, 13, 113, 163, 144. Taganrog, f<strong>in</strong>d, 136, 185. Taman pen<strong>in</strong>sula, Bosphoran, 160, 162; Cimmerians <strong>in</strong>, 37, 39, 40, 65, 226 cults, 33, 72, 73, 80, 107 ; economic conditions, 162, 164 ; exploration, 3, 4 ; Goths <strong>in</strong>, 119, 218; Greco-Cimmerian population, 13 ; Greco-Scythian tombs, 75-81 ; Greek colonies, 44, 62, 65, 66, 68, 118, 119 ; protected position, 9 ; Sarmatians <strong>in</strong>, 119, 136, 145, 147, i6o, Sarmatization, 125, 172, 174. 232 ; Tanais, 39, 60, 69, 85, 119, 120, 135, 142-4, 231. 146, 154, 164, 165, 168, 204, Tanaite reliefSj 144 ; names, Tanaites, 144. 144. Taplow Barrow, 188. Tarn6vski, 5. TapovAay firoCei, Tarsus, 234. 135- Tatars, 43, 221, 222 ; Mounta<strong>in</strong> Tatars, 22. Taurians, 34, 39, 64, 160, 161, 169. Taurida, 87, 97, no, 136, 230, 233. Tauro-Scythians, 163. Teians, 43, 65. Telephos, myth, 125. Tello, 23, 24, 30. Temir-Gora, grave, 40, 226. Tent of nomadic type, pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 160 ; tentshaped graves, v. Graves. Teos, 63, 228. Terra sigillata, Tersk, 185. 128, 214. Tetraxite Goths, v. Teuspa, name, 39. Thagimasadas, 107. Goths. Thates, river, 163. Theiss, river, 116. ©TjXeta vovaos, 231. Themiscyra, 33. Theocritus, 109 no. Theodosia, 3, 221. 12, 64, 67, 69, 76, 79, 164, Theophanes of Mytilene, 116. 0«6s "Ti/ftoToy, 179, 180. Thermodon, river, Thessaly, 236. Thisamatians, 87. Tholos, 77. 61. Thothorses, k<strong>in</strong>g, 184. ;
- Page 2 and 3:
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT W
- Page 4:
'^1 Cornell University Library The
- Page 8:
Oxford University Press London Edin
- Page 15:
IRANIANS &? GREEKS IN SOUTH RUSSIA
- Page 19 and 20:
THIS PREFACE book is not intended t
- Page 21 and 22:
PREFACE ix Greek world. South Russi
- Page 23:
CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTORY i II.
- Page 26 and 27:
XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XII. Silv
- Page 28 and 29:
FIG. 3- 4- 5- 6. FIGURES IN THE TEX
- Page 30 and 31:
2 INTRODUCTORY discovery and study
- Page 32 and 33:
4 INTRODUCTORY Simultaneously, anot
- Page 34 and 35:
6 INTRODUCTORY The three works are
- Page 36 and 37:
8 INTRODUCTORY South Russia is a gr
- Page 38 and 39:
lo INTRODUCTORY Scythian tribes est
- Page 41 and 42:
INTRODUCTORY ii see in the Paphlago
- Page 43 and 44:
INTRODUCTORY 13 cities and of the n
- Page 45:
p L A T p: II BRONZE POLE-TOPS FROM
- Page 48 and 49:
i6 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
- Page 50 and 51:
i8 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
- Page 53 and 54:
THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 19 ot
- Page 55 and 56:
THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 21 th
- Page 57:
.««
- Page 60 and 61:
24 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS be
- Page 62 and 63:
26 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
- Page 64 and 65:
28 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Me
- Page 66 and 67:
30 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
- Page 68 and 69:
32 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
- Page 70 and 71:
34 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Su
- Page 72 and 73:
36 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE defeats w
- Page 74 and 75:
38 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE is no dou
- Page 76 and 77:
40 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE Unhappily
- Page 79 and 80:
SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 41 geomet
- Page 81 and 82:
SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 43 than a
- Page 83 and 84:
' The SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 45
- Page 85 and 86:
THE SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 47 wa
- Page 87:
PLATE V I ENGRAVED A i\' D GILT SIL
- Page 90 and 91:
so THE CIMMERIANS AND THE the gilt
- Page 93 and 94:
SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 51 displa
- Page 95:
PLATE VIII I, 2. IRON AXE AND IRON
- Page 98 and 99:
54 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE horse-tra
- Page 101 and 102:
SCYTHIANSIN SOUTH RUSSIA 55 there a
- Page 103:
PLATE X BRONZK POLE-TOPS AND A BRON
- Page 106 and 107:
58 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE a metal d
- Page 109 and 110:
SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 59 times
- Page 111 and 112:
I IV THE GREEKS ON THE SHORES OF TH
- Page 113:
PLATE XII SILVER AND GOLD RHYTA FRO
- Page 116 and 117:
64 THEGREEKSONTHE Sea. Chersonesus
- Page 119 and 120:
SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 65 the most
- Page 121:
PLATE XIV GREEK BRONZE BREASTPLATE
- Page 124 and 125:
68 THEGREEKSONTHE Did this revoluti
- Page 126 and 127:
70 THEGREEKSONTHE position of Panti
- Page 129 and 130:
SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 71 was weal
- Page 131 and 132:
SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 73 Goddess
- Page 133:
PLATE Xy I. Engraved CHALCEDONY SCA
- Page 136 and 137:
76 THEGREEKSONTHE tive art. Round t
- Page 138 and 139:
78 THEGREEKSONTHE Cimmerian Bosphor
- Page 141 and 142:
SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 79 Minor as
- Page 143:
PLATE X \M I I 4 I. EARRINGS FROM T
- Page 146 and 147:
82 GREEKS AT THE BLACK SEA bounded
- Page 148 and 149:
84 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE a ruling cl
- Page 150 and 151:
86 THESCYTHIANSINTHE enlarge their
- Page 152 and 153:
88 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE Scythian as
- Page 154 and 155:
90 THESCYTHIANSINTHE dangerous riva
- Page 156 and 157:
92 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE most of all
- Page 158 and 159:
94 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE these produ
- Page 160 and 161:
96 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE graves ; an
- Page 162 and 163:
98 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE that in the
- Page 165 and 166:
FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 99
- Page 167 and 168:
@ D @ CHAMBER 11 STEP 5TEP PLAN CHA
- Page 169:
PLATE XX SILVER CUP AND GOLD PATERA
- Page 172 and 173:
104 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE the origin
- Page 175 and 176:
FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 105
- Page 177:
PLATE XXII "^'^JV^ , ELECTRUM VASE
- Page 180 and 181:
io8 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE we (pi. XV
- Page 182 and 183:
no THE SCYTHIANS IN THE influenced
- Page 185 and 186:
FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. iii
- Page 187 and 188:
THE VI THE SARMATIANS Sarmatians ar
- Page 189 and 190:
THE S ARM AT IAN S 115 construction
- Page 191 and 192:
THE SARMATIANS 117 enemy on her fro
- Page 193 and 194:
THE SARMATIANS 119 an alliance, or
- Page 195:
n ..'.._4 PLATE XXIV
- Page 198 and 199:
122 THESARMATIANS lengthy and so mi
- Page 200 and 201:
124 THESARMATIANS was found in one
- Page 202 and 203:
126 THE SARMATIANS runners of the s
- Page 204 and 205:
128 THESARMATIANS also obtain a ric
- Page 207 and 208:
THESARMATIANS 129 struction of the
- Page 209 and 210:
e=;l>t^ KUBAMSKAYA OBLASf Nekrasovs
- Page 211 and 212:
THE SARMATIANS 133 the field. The t
- Page 213 and 214:
THESARMATIANS 135 Kuban culture app
- Page 215:
PLATE X X \' I I. CROWN 2. PERFUME
- Page 218 and 219:
138 THESARMATIANS century B.C., con
- Page 221 and 222:
THESARMATIANS 139 Reinach and Drexe
- Page 223 and 224:
THESARMATIANS 141 single great find
- Page 225 and 226:
THESARMATIANS 143 appear to be the
- Page 227 and 228:
THESARMATIANS 145 tians. The Siraci
- Page 229 and 230:
THE VII THE GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH R
- Page 231 and 232:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 149 the northern c
- Page 233 and 234:
IN THE ROMAN PERIOD 151 confront Mi
- Page 235 and 236:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 153 about the poli
- Page 237 and 238:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 155 without Roman
- Page 239 and 240:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 157 Athenian origi
- Page 241 and 242:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 159 In the course
- Page 243:
PLATE XXVIII -vVt^oTKM-.'ir- WALL P
- Page 246 and 247:
i62 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA de
- Page 249 and 250:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 163 Sea, efforts w
- Page 251 and 252:
INTHEROMANPERIOD 165 Bosphoran citi
- Page 253:
sy /.;);> *:tv. PLATE XXX I. CLAY S
- Page 256 and 257:
i68 .GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA P
- Page 258 and 259:
I70 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA th
- Page 260 and 261:
172 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA pe
- Page 262 and 263:
174 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA su
- Page 264 and 265:
176 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fa
- Page 266 and 267:
178 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA wi
- Page 268 and 269:
i8o GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fo
- Page 270 and 271:
i82 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND On the
- Page 272 and 273:
i84 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND porary
- Page 274 and 275:
i86 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND in Mer
- Page 276 and 277:
i88 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND publis
- Page 278 and 279:
190 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND orname
- Page 280 and 281:
192 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND of met
- Page 282 and 283:
194 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND horse
- Page 284 and 285:
196 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND object
- Page 286 and 287:
198 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND art I
- Page 288 and 289:
200 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND that i
- Page 290 and 291:
202 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND Scythi
- Page 293 and 294:
THE ANIMAL STYLE 203 towards a natu
- Page 295 and 296:
THEANIMALSTYLE 205 Chinese graves ;
- Page 297:
T L A T E XXXII a2*;w -»»^* : -i:
- Page 300 and 301: 2o8 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND cause
- Page 302 and 303: IN IX THE ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STA
- Page 304 and 305: 212 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE pla
- Page 306 and 307: 214 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE pla
- Page 308 and 309: 2i6 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE wer
- Page 310 and 311: 2i8 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE but
- Page 312 and 313: 220 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE In
- Page 314 and 315: 222 RUSSIAN STATE ON THE DNIEPER cu
- Page 317 and 318: BI BLIOGR APH Y CHAPTER I. GENERAL
- Page 319 and 320: BIBLIOGRAPHY 225 I fF. ; Farmakovsk
- Page 321 and 322: BIBLIOGRAPHY 227 8. Scythian graves
- Page 323 and 324: BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 7. The most ancien
- Page 325 and 326: BIBLIOGRAPHY 231 9. Greco-Scythian
- Page 327 and 328: BIBLIOGRAPHY 233 14. Siberia. N. C.
- Page 329 and 330: BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 I am not sure that
- Page 331 and 332: BIBLIOGRAPHY 237 arch. 1905 (ii), 3
- Page 333 and 334: Abdera, 329. Achaeans, 61. Achaemen
- Page 335 and 336: Aspurgos, king, 152, 153, 156, 166.
- Page 337 and 338: objects from, 133, 142, 333 ; pirat
- Page 339 and 340: Goddess, 34, 107 ; ethnological and
- Page 341 and 342: Gerrhoi, 45, 95, 96. Getians, 41, 8
- Page 343 and 344: Hvareno, 105. Hydra devouring a goa
- Page 345 and 346: Macedonians, 86, 98. Maeanders, 199
- Page 347 and 348: coins, 228 ; cults, 72, 73, 165, 17
- Page 349: Rochette, Raoul-, 2. Rods, gold or
- Page 353 and 354: Ulski, tumulus, 22, 31, 41, 47, 199