258 Thrace, animal style, 89 ; Cimmerians <strong>in</strong>, 38 ; co<strong>in</strong>s, 158 ; corn trade, 70 ; political conditions, 84, 85, 87, 145, 151 ; Scythians <strong>in</strong>, 83-6. Thracian dynasty <strong>in</strong> the Bosphorus, 68, 157 ; elements <strong>in</strong> the Bosphoran population, 39, 156, 168, 180 ; god, 80, 180 ; graves, 76-8, 82, 88, 89 ; names, 12, 13, 39, 67, 68, 135, 144, 153, 156, 168, 226, 234 ; objects, 89, 230 ; orig<strong>in</strong> of the Cimmerians, 13, 39 ; pla<strong>in</strong>, 107 ; population, 71, 82, 87, 139 ; pr<strong>in</strong>ces, 89, 186 ; pr<strong>in</strong>cess, 156 ; religion, 105, 179 ; tribes, 13, 41, 77, 90, 94, 116, 117, 149 ; tumuli, 82, 88, 229, 230. 77, Thracians, 9, 39,41, 67, 70, 90, 98, 108, 118, 144, 145, 168, 180, 213, 222. Thraco- Cimmerian population, 11. Thraco-Iranian foundation, ; 13 dynasty, 153 ; costume, 169. Thuburbo Majus, f<strong>in</strong>d, 131, 235. Thunderbolt, representation, 29. Thyrsi, silver, 232. Tiara, 97, felt, 20. 102, 104, 105, 234 ; of cloth or Tiberius Julius, name, 158. Tibetan k<strong>in</strong>gs, portraits, 204. Tiesenhausen, B. von, 4. Tiflisskaya Stanitsa, tumulus, 127, 131, 136, 232, 233. Tigers, representations, 198 ; with reverted heads, 200 ; heads, 199, 200. Timoshevskaya, f<strong>in</strong>d, 233. Tirgatao, queen, 33, 156. Titorovskaya, f<strong>in</strong>d, 233. Tmutarak^n, 219. Toilet articles, 24, 26, 30, 74. Tolstoj^, Ct. I., 5, 7, 185. Tomakovka, tumulus, 42, 52, 173, 226. Tomaschek, W., 60. Tombs, carved, 10, 167, 170, 171 ; family, 170 ; pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 25, 75, 77, 81, 82, 136, 160, 161, 167-71, 179, 180, 231, 234; stones, 167, 168 ; Tomi, 86, 165, 169. v. Graves. Tores, Sarmatian, 124, 125, 132, 138, 177, 182, 184, 186, 187, 233 ; Scythian, 100 ; Siberian, 140, 142. Toreutic, 10, 11, 81, 82, 109, 133. T6rki, 43. Toronto, Museum, 233. Toys, 170. Trajan, 118, 154; column, 13, 169 Trajanic period, 159. INDEX Tralles, 152. Transcaucasia, 18, 28, 29, 38, 40, 58, 65, 83, 134- Transcaucasian mmes, 19, 62 ; 40 ; tombs, 58. pottery, 29, Trebizond, 19, 62, 63, 220. Trees, representations, 22, 24, 25, 28, 160. Treidler, H., 60. Trerians, 39. Triballians, 86. Tr<strong>in</strong>kets, 74, 227. Tripolye type of pottery, 16. Tristia of Ovid, 165. Triumph of Dionysos, representation, 137. Triumphal types on Bosphoran co<strong>in</strong>s, 158. Trojan pottery, 92. Troy, 30, 31,40, 61. Tsaritsyn, 125. Tsdrskaya Stanitsa, tumulus, 21, 24, 31. Tsarski, tumulus, 77, 79. Ts'<strong>in</strong> dynasty, 114. Tsukur, 72. Tsvetna (Zvetna), f<strong>in</strong>d, 131, 140, 232. Tsymbalka, tumulus, 95, 107, 138. Tube for perfume, 135. Tumuli, excavations, 2-5, 13, 44, 45, 88, 95, 122, 123 ; Asia M<strong>in</strong>or, 77, 82 Bronze Age, 28, over graves with contracted skeletons, 17, 90 ; Copper Age, 19, 21 ; Etruscan, 77, 82 ; Greek, 75-9, 81, 82, 170, 174, 176, 177 ; Greco- Scythian, 76, 78, 81 ; Macedonian, 77, 82 ; Middle Dnieper, 92, 230 ; Neolithic, 224, 225, 230 ; Pontic, 10 ; Sarmatian, 4, 13, 122-4, 126-9, 140, 142 ; Scythian, 4, 5, 10, 11, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49. 52-5. 59. 76, 92, 95. 97. 99. 100, 104-7, no, 115, 122, 124, 230; Thracian, 77, 82, 88, 229, 230 ; V. Graves <strong>and</strong> Tombs. Tunic embroidered with gold, 175. Turanian orig<strong>in</strong> of the Scythians, 60. Turgcii, 122. Turkestan, 4, 15, 22, 28, 29, 32, 57, 115, 197 ; Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, 115. Turkish nomads, 14. Turks, 9. Turquoise, 19, 135. Tuscany, 231. Tyche, representation, 105. Tyras, 63, 155, 162, 216, 217, 221. Ufa, 122 Ukra<strong>in</strong>e, 224, 238. ;
Ulski, tumulus, 22, 31, 41, 47, 199, 226. Ulysses, 62. Uman, 224. Untersiebenbrunnen, 131 ; v. Siebenbrunnen. Ur dynasty, 29. Ural, Cossacks district, 122 ; mounta<strong>in</strong>s, i8, 32, 122 ; river, 122 ; steppes, 13, 85, 115, 122, 143, 144. Urn, fields, 5, 146 ; funerary, 17. Uspe, 164. Ust-Lab<strong>in</strong>skaya, f<strong>in</strong>d, 128, 140, 177, 233. Val di Nievole, f<strong>in</strong>d, 231. Valens, 188. Valent<strong>in</strong>ian, 184, 188, 217. Valerius Flaccus, 13, 113. Valmeray, f<strong>in</strong>d, 187. Van, 35, 58, 228. polychrome style, 191. V<strong>and</strong>al period, 187 ; V<strong>and</strong>als, 119, 236. Vannic k<strong>in</strong>gdom, 38, 226 ; pre-Vannic antiquities, 225. Varangers, 210, 213, 214. Varus, 153. Vases, clay, Ionian, 3, 63, 74; blackfigured, 3, 51, 53 ; red-figured, 3, 53, 78, 229 ; of the Kerch style, 37 ; <strong>in</strong> the shape of a sph<strong>in</strong>x, pa<strong>in</strong>ted, ; 79 Pana- "thenaic, 3, 54 ; with signatures of artists, Attic, 74, 76 ; pa<strong>in</strong>ted with reliefs, 175 ; pa<strong>in</strong>ted, modelled, <strong>and</strong> gilded, 76 ; <strong>in</strong> the form of animals <strong>and</strong> human heads, 128, 233 ; Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, Han dynasty, 205, 206; glass, 127, 128, 132, 133, 182, 233, imitat<strong>in</strong>g metal, 232, 233, encased <strong>in</strong> gold, 133, 142 ; metal, bronze, 125, 130, 145, Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, 199, 200, Ionian, 108 ; copper, 20, 30, 31, 48 ; electrum, 97, 108 ; gold, 3, 19, 30, 31, 50, 130, 134, 135, 140, 142, 188 ; sdver, 3, 9, 10, 19-28, 30, 31, 53, 97, 102, 108, 109, III, 130, 175, 231, 232, 236 ; openwork, 142 ; stone, 19 ; wooden, 188, plated with sacred, 48, 88, 105, 106, 108, gold, 102 ; 128 ; mount<strong>in</strong>gs, 174, 232, 233 ; v. Pottery. Vasyur<strong>in</strong>skaya Gora, tumulus, 4, 76, 81, 232. Vaults <strong>in</strong> graves, 75, 78, 82 ; barrel, 75, 78, 79, 170, 175 ; corbelled or Egyptian, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81 round semicircular, ; 77 ; stepped, 175. INDEX 259 Vegetable decoration, 16, 11 1, 188, 193 ; V. Floral. Verkhneud<strong>in</strong>sk, f<strong>in</strong>d, 203. Veselovski, N., 4, 5, Vespasian, 117. Vessels, v. Vases. 19, 54, 126, 140, 231. Vettersfelde, 227. f<strong>in</strong>d, 42, 49, 52, 173, 193, Vik<strong>in</strong>g funerary ship, 207. Villages fortified, Visigoths, 218. pa<strong>in</strong>ted, 25. Vistula, river, 219. Vladimir, pr<strong>in</strong>ce, 221. Vodyanoe, f<strong>in</strong>d, 233. Volga, river, 14, 85, 115, 124, 125, 144, 210, 213, 215, 219-21. Volkov, Th., 5, 16. Voronezh, 86, 96, 97, 108, 109, 11 1. Voronezhskaya Stanitsa, tumulus, 41, 226. Vorskla, river, 96. Vozdvizhenskaya Stanitsa, tumulus, 127, 131. 136, 139,232,233. Wagons, funerary, 207 ; Water, engraved, 24, 25. Watz<strong>in</strong>ger, C, 172. models, v. Models. Weapons, Bosphoran, 169, 171 ; Cimmerian, 40, 41 ; Copper Age, 19, 29, 30, polished stone, 20 ; Greek, 74 ; Greco- Scythian, 76 ; Iron Age, 61. Hallstatt type, 90, 92-4, 97, La Tene, 145 ; Sarmatian, 121, 123-5, 132, i43. 169, 231 ; Scythian, 47, 51, 88, 102, 108, no, 121, 227 ; V. Arms. Weight <strong>in</strong> the form of an ass, 58. Wends, 219. Whetstone, 46, 175. White Alans, v. Roxalans. White Isl<strong>and</strong> of Achilles, 36. White Sea, 210. Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, U. von, 62. Witsen, N., 140, 141, 232. Wolves, 54 ; representations, 195 ; heads, 195- Women buried with the master, 45, 47, 48. Writ<strong>in</strong>g system, Sarmatian, 234 ; v. Alphabetical signs. ZrjjSai'OKOV, 135. Xenophantos, 76. Xenophon, 63. Xerxes, 9.
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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT W
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'^1 Cornell University Library The
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Oxford University Press London Edin
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IRANIANS &? GREEKS IN SOUTH RUSSIA
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THIS PREFACE book is not intended t
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PREFACE ix Greek world. South Russi
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CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTORY i II.
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XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XII. Silv
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FIG. 3- 4- 5- 6. FIGURES IN THE TEX
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2 INTRODUCTORY discovery and study
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4 INTRODUCTORY Simultaneously, anot
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6 INTRODUCTORY The three works are
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8 INTRODUCTORY South Russia is a gr
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lo INTRODUCTORY Scythian tribes est
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INTRODUCTORY ii see in the Paphlago
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INTRODUCTORY 13 cities and of the n
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p L A T p: II BRONZE POLE-TOPS FROM
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i6 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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i8 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 19 ot
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THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS 21 th
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.««
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24 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS be
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26 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Th
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28 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Me
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30 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
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32 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS th
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34 THE PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATIONS Su
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36 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE defeats w
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38 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE is no dou
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40 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE Unhappily
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 41 geomet
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 43 than a
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' The SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 45
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THE SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 47 wa
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PLATE V I ENGRAVED A i\' D GILT SIL
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so THE CIMMERIANS AND THE the gilt
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 51 displa
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PLATE VIII I, 2. IRON AXE AND IRON
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54 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE horse-tra
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SCYTHIANSIN SOUTH RUSSIA 55 there a
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PLATE X BRONZK POLE-TOPS AND A BRON
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58 THE CIMMERIANS AND THE a metal d
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SCYTHIANS IN SOUTH RUSSIA 59 times
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I IV THE GREEKS ON THE SHORES OF TH
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PLATE XII SILVER AND GOLD RHYTA FRO
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64 THEGREEKSONTHE Sea. Chersonesus
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 65 the most
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PLATE XIV GREEK BRONZE BREASTPLATE
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68 THEGREEKSONTHE Did this revoluti
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70 THEGREEKSONTHE position of Panti
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 71 was weal
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 73 Goddess
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PLATE Xy I. Engraved CHALCEDONY SCA
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76 THEGREEKSONTHE tive art. Round t
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78 THEGREEKSONTHE Cimmerian Bosphor
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SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA 79 Minor as
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PLATE X \M I I 4 I. EARRINGS FROM T
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82 GREEKS AT THE BLACK SEA bounded
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84 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE a ruling cl
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86 THESCYTHIANSINTHE enlarge their
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88 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE Scythian as
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90 THESCYTHIANSINTHE dangerous riva
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92 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE most of all
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94 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE these produ
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96 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE graves ; an
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98 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE that in the
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 99
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@ D @ CHAMBER 11 STEP 5TEP PLAN CHA
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PLATE XX SILVER CUP AND GOLD PATERA
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104 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE the origin
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. 105
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PLATE XXII "^'^JV^ , ELECTRUM VASE
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io8 THE SCYTHIANS IN THE we (pi. XV
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no THE SCYTHIANS IN THE influenced
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FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES B.C. iii
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THE VI THE SARMATIANS Sarmatians ar
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THE S ARM AT IAN S 115 construction
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THE SARMATIANS 117 enemy on her fro
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THE SARMATIANS 119 an alliance, or
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n ..'.._4 PLATE XXIV
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122 THESARMATIANS lengthy and so mi
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124 THESARMATIANS was found in one
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126 THE SARMATIANS runners of the s
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128 THESARMATIANS also obtain a ric
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THESARMATIANS 129 struction of the
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e=;l>t^ KUBAMSKAYA OBLASf Nekrasovs
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THE SARMATIANS 133 the field. The t
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THESARMATIANS 135 Kuban culture app
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PLATE X X \' I I. CROWN 2. PERFUME
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138 THESARMATIANS century B.C., con
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THESARMATIANS 139 Reinach and Drexe
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THESARMATIANS 141 single great find
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THESARMATIANS 143 appear to be the
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THESARMATIANS 145 tians. The Siraci
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THE VII THE GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH R
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 149 the northern c
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IN THE ROMAN PERIOD 151 confront Mi
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 153 about the poli
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 155 without Roman
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 157 Athenian origi
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 159 In the course
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PLATE XXVIII -vVt^oTKM-.'ir- WALL P
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i62 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA de
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 163 Sea, efforts w
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INTHEROMANPERIOD 165 Bosphoran citi
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sy /.;);> *:tv. PLATE XXX I. CLAY S
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i68 .GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA P
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I70 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA th
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172 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA pe
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174 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA su
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176 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fa
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178 GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA wi
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i8o GREEK CITIES OF SOUTH RUSSIA fo
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i82 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND On the
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i84 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND porary
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i86 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND in Mer
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i88 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND publis
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190 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND orname
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192 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND of met
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194 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND horse
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196 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND object
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198 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND art I
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200 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND that i
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202 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND Scythi
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THE ANIMAL STYLE 203 towards a natu
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THEANIMALSTYLE 205 Chinese graves ;
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T L A T E XXXII a2*;w -»»^* : -i:
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2o8 THE POLYCHROME STYLE AND cause
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