2009 - CRE

Ekaterina­Kashtanova,­­
Expert­Analyst,­GVA­Sawyer
.....................................
During­the­period­when­the­constructionof­warehouse­facilities­was­most­activein­Russia­(from­2003­to­the­second­halfof­2008),­the­most­widely­spread­format­was­theindustrial­logistics­and­office­&­storage­complexes,­following­which­we­saw­the­appearanceof­new­formats­like­logistical­villages.­There­arehowever­
a­ variety­ of­ specialized­ warehouses,amongst­
which­ we­ can­ find­ some­ essentialfacilities­for­the­storage­of­chemical­treatmentproducts,­or­in­short,­chemical­warehouses.When­speaking­about­chemical­warehousesone­must­pay­particular­attention­to­the­development­of­the­chemical­industry­in­Russia,­sinceit’s­exactly­this­sector­that­happens­to­be­thepotential­client­of­such­storage­facilities.
The­ uptrend­ of­ the­ chemical­ productionindustry­was­tracked­over­seven­years,­from­
2001­to­2007,­and­the­overall­production­in­
Russia­ grew­ 1.5­ times­ during­ this­ period.­
The­highest­growth­ratio­took­place­in­2006­
(4.2%).­ The­ growth­ continued­ throughout­
2008­in­various­sectors­of­the­chemical­production­industry.­As­an­example,­in­Januaryto­September­2008,­the­volume­of­syntheticresin­and­plastic­produced­represented­100%,synthetic­rubber­–­101.7%.­However,­the­overall­production­of­chemical­fibers­and­threadsin­
January-September­ of­ 2008­ decreased­ incomparison­
with­ the­ previous­ year­ and­ represented­
86%.­ The­ production­ of­ syntheticdyes­also­decreased­and­represented­91.3%.­Overall,­according­to­data­from­the­Departmentof­
Economic­ Development­ of­ the­ Russian­
Federation,­the­index­of­chemical­productionfor­
January-September­ 2008­ in­ comparisonwith­the­corresponding­period­in­2007­represented­102.2%.­The­exportation­of­productsfrom­the­chemical­industry,­according­to­datafrom­the­Federal­State­Statistics­Service,­forthe­period­from­January­to­October­2008,­grewin­comparison­with­the­same­period­in­2007by­55%­in­nominal­value­(from­$16.571­million­in­2007­to­$25.678­million­in­2008).­Theimportation­of­chemical­production­to­Russiaalso­showed­a­growth­ratio.The­expansion­of­the­chemical­industry­issupported­
by­ the­ government.­ According­ tothe­Chemical­and­Petrochemical­Development­
Strategy­ up­ to­ 2015,­ developed­ by­ the­
Department­of­Industry­and­Trade­of­the­Russian­
Federation,­the­import­share­for­chemical­products­will­grow­overall­by­20%­and­the­domesticshare­by­18%.In­summary,­it­is­possible­to­identify­at­leastthree­factors­that­are­conducive­to­an­increasein­the­demand­for­chemical­warehouses:
A­growth­in­chemical­production;
A­growth­ in­export-import­ of­chemical­ production;Plans­for­the­industry’s­expansion­developedat­a­federal­level.It­is­important­to­note­that­the­development­of­the­chemical­industry­in­the­abovementioned­
Strategy­ was­ based­ on­ resources­
#06 (112) / 16–31.03.09
| Architecture&Design |
| Business Technology |
| Personnel
|North–West
Warehouses for
Chemical Products
­ The­international­logistical­system­makes­use­of­a­great­number­ofspecialized­warehousing­complexes:­low­temperature­and­refrigerated,for­large­freights­and­bakery­storehouses.­But­is­the­Russian­dedicatedwarehousing­segment­sufficiently­developed?­This­article­will­discuss­thetopic­of­warehousing­for­chemical­products.­
from­investments.­According­to­data­from­the­
Strategy,­ a­ major­ share­ of­ the­ investmentsis­
made­ up­ by­ resources­ provided­ by­ actualenterprises­(about­60%).­The­structure­of­theprivate­
resources­ and­ the­ profit­ shares­ areexcessively­high­(48%­in­2004-2005­and­57%in­2007).­Furthermore,­the­government­plansto­fund­projects­through­the­Investment­Fundof­the­Russian­Federation­(presently­being­created),­the­Bank­for­Development­and­Foreign­
Economic­Affairs­Vnesheconombank,­Russian­
Venture­Company,­to­special­economic­zonesand­tax­incentives­for­the­investment­process.­It­is­well­known­that­the­development­of­thechemical­industry­in­Russia­is­being­planned­inthe­following­sectors:Creation­of­new­competitive­productions,­technical­upgrading­and­modernization­of­existingenterprises­
based­ on­ leading­ scientific­ andtechnical­achievements;Elaboration­and­organization­of­new­forms­ofcompetitive­productions;
Increasing­ the­ role­ of­ research­ &­ development,­design­and­construction­organizations,academies­and­universities,­in­the­industrialelaboration­and­implementation­of­competitivetechnologies­and­productions;­broadening­thesource­of­raw­materials;Development­of­a­training­and­retraining­system­for­management­of­the­chemical­and­petrochemical­industrial­enterprises.
Such­ measures­ are­ naturally­ conducivetowards­a­growth­in­quality­chemical­warehousing­complexes.­However,­many­chemical­manufacturing­directors­note­that­issues­with­regardto­financial­support­of­the­actual­sector­are­notnecessarily­being­resolved­successfully.Even­in­consideration­of­the­financial­crisiswhich­has­had­a­negative­impact­on­socio-economical­indexes­of­productivity­in­the­chemicalindustry,­plans­for­its­development­will­not­beentirely­suspended.­Consequently,­the­demandfor­
quality­ warehousing­ complexes­ remainsactual.However,­it­is­necessary­to­determine­whata­quality­chemical­warehouse­is­and­whetherthere­is­a­corresponding­supply­in­the­capital’sregion.­
A­ modern­ day­ chemical­ warehouse,in­
accordance­ with­ international­ norms­ andrequirements,­must­present­a­storage-terminalwith­the­following­attributes:
A­high­storage­module­(up­to­16­m);
A­medium­height­storage­module­(up­to­12m);
A­low­storage­module­(up­to­8­m);
A­recycling­packing­shop;
An­industrial­module­for­blended­compositematerials­(non-polluting­process);
Bulk­cargo­storage;
An­ office­ block­ (a­ separate­ or­ adjoiningfacility).A­warehousing­complex­must­offer­the­following­
package­ of­ services­ on­ a­ commercialbasis:­storage,­cleansing­of­containers,­wasteassortment,­
the­ organization­ of­ a­ repeatedutilization­of­containers,­transportation­and­acustoms­warehouse.In­order­to­operate­a­modern­day­chemical­warehouse­well­one­needs­a­managementcompany­
or­ an­ equivalent­ sub-contractingmanagement­firm,­with­sufficient­experience­inrelationships­with­manufacturers­and­distributors­from­various­countries.­Another­essentialcondition­for­the­operation­of­a­chemical­warehouse­is­the­presence­of­a­railway­line.
Chemical­ warehouses­ often­ store­ chemical­and­pharmaceutical­products­as­well­–­therequirements­
for­ storage­ of­ pharmaceuticalproducts­are­relatively­high,­and­hence,­therequirements­for­the­storage­of­chemical­products­are­correspondingly­higher.­A­substantialdifference­
between­ a­ chemical­ warehousefrom­a­general­one­is­the­fact­that­it­presentsa­potential­hazard­as­a­result­of­the­productsit­stores.­This­is­why­a­chemical­warehouseis­declared­a­hazardous­object­which­is­subjected­to­mandatory­registration­and­licensing­
under­ the­ Russian­ Federal­ Service­ for­
Ecological,­Technical­and­Atomic­Supervision,­
RosTekhNadzor.
As­an­example­we­can­take­a­look­at­themajor­
warehouse­ for­ storage­ of­ hazardousproducts­in­Germany.­The­overall­floor­spacerepresents­22,860­sq­m­and­is­located­in­anindustrial­zone­next­to­the­Nordwalde­Railway­
Station,­ which­ provides­ the­ logistical­ railway­accessibility.­The­warehouses­were­builtin­1979­and­1985­on­a­land­plot­of­65,000­sqm.­They­are­separated­from­each­other­by­twofire-prevention­entranceways­that­open­duringworking­hours­and­close­automatically­in­casesof­fire.­The­smaller­entranceway­provides­anaccessibility­of­up­to­2.7­meters­while­the­largerone­allows­for­stackers­of­up­to­3.5­meters.­Thewarehouses­are­surrounded­by­a­secondary­roadfor­fire­protection.­The­complex­is­equipped­withgas­detectors­which­in­case­of­danger­increasethe­aeration­of­the­facilities­twofold.­There­isalso­a­fire­extinguisher­sprinkler­system­andthe­shelves­are­equipped­with­an­additional­fireextinguishing­system.­The­distance­from­thestorage­facilities­to­the­office­and­working­quar-
ters­represents­25.5­meters­with­a­green­fence.­Astudy­of­the­warehousing­market­in­Moscow­andthe­Moscow­region­shows­that­chemical­warehouses­that­fully­correspond­to­the­above­listedcharacteristics­and­are­geared­towards­servicingcommercial­loads­are­totally­absent­from­themarket.­Storages­that­belong­to­industrial­concerns­and­service­their­internal­needs­are­notconsidered­in­this­study­since­the­distributors­ofchemical­products,­whether­Russian­or­foreign,have­no­access­to­such­facilities.­And­hencethe­conclusion­is­somewhat­clear­that­the­supply­of­quality­warehousing­space­for­storage­ofchemical­products­is­practically­at­ground­zero,even­though­the­demand­was­formed­during­theperiod­when­there­was­an­active­evolution­of­theimportation­of­chemical­products­to­Russia.At­the­present­time,­customers­of­existinglow­quality­warehouse­complexes­are­strictly­Russian­companies.­The­reason­for­this­can­bethe­fact­that­foreign­companies­prefer­sellingtheir­products­through­Russian­representatives.­The­major­clients­for­such­spaces­are­distributors­of­Russian­and­foreign­chemical­productsand­
their­ share­ represents­ 36%.­ The­ secondlargest­group­is­made­up­of­distributors­thatdeal­exclusively­with­domestic­manufacturers­
(29%).­They­are­followed­by­retail­houses­of­
Russian­manufacturers­(21%).
In­accordance­with­the­previous­estimates,the­
demand­ for­ chemical­ warehousing­ floorspace­will­represent­some­100,000­sq­m.­Theseareas­
will­ be­ directed­ for­ servicing­ Moscowand­the­Moscow­region.­Since­in­Russia­thereare­
presently­ no­ chemical­ warehouses­ whatsoever,­warehouses­should­be­built­in­compliance­with­all­possible­customer­requirements.­Construction­can­be­phased­in­on­a­module­bymodule­approach.
The­ rates­ for­ storage­ of­ chemical­ products­in­modern­day­warehouses­in­Europe­arebetween­9­and­100­Euros­per­ton,­and­the­concrete­rate­depends­on­the­overall­dimensionand­level­of­hazard­of­the­freight.­Accordingly,the­
more­ hazardous­ the­ freight­ is­ and­ thesmaller­
the­ packaging,­ the­ more­ expensiveits­handling­will­be.­It­is­reasonable­to­basethe­rates­for­a­potential­chemical­warehousein­Russia­on­European­rates­so­that­Europeanclients­would­feel­comfortable­with­the­pricesand­that­the­competitive­edge­would­be­preserved.­Overall,­the­real­estate­niche­for­specialized­warehouses­represents­great­growthpotential­and­developers­will­assume­leadingpositions­conditional­on­the­level­of­professionalism.­
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