European Journal of Scientific Research - EuroJournals

330 Ishtiaq Ahmad Choudhry, Muhammad Nawaz Mahsud and Shajee Hasan
environment is created by the media in addition to actual environment. People react to pseudo
environment which media creates. (Nawaz, 2006).
The idea of a frame in relation to news has been widely used in place of terms such as frame of
reference, context, theme, or even news angle. In a journalist context' stories are given meaning by
reference to some particular news value that connects one event with other similar ones. According to
Entman (1993) framing involves- selection and salience. He summaries the main aspects of framing by
saying that frames define problems, diagnose causes, make moral judgments and suggest remedies. A
large number of textual devices can be used to perform these activities. They include using certain
words or phrases, making certain contextual reference, choosing certain picture or film, giving example
as typical, referring to certain sources and so on (McQuail, 2006).
In the of the cited references it can concluded that World War II the U.S became a super power
and she started to interfere in other countries’ affairs including Middle East and South Asia. She made
policies which had power to influence the societies at large. Researchers’ effort regarding this topic is
related to U.S policies towards Pakistan particularly after 9/11. Even after 9/11, US policy makers were
well aware that Pakistan was at the centre of the World’s worst Islamist terrorist networks. The Bush
administration quickly moved to persuade once-sanctioned Islamabad to become an essential partner in
the global war on terror. This war drastically expended in Afghanistan, Iraq and after Iraq it seems that
there is turn of Iran. It is would be matter of interest to examine the role of the Pakistan elite press’
editorial treatment of U.S policy towards Pakistan. Because editorials exist to allow the newspaper
(usually in the person of its editor) to comment, give view on and draw conclusions from the day's
events. The editorial gives a newspaper the opportunity to address its readership directly, and the
editorial is the place where the reader may expect to find overt comment on the news of the day.
However, the created reader, the implied reader, is again in evidence as the editorials address a group
with shared but not always explicitly expressed values. Due to multidimensional contents people
equally prefer newspaper for getting information. The content of the newspaper can be generally
divided into two broad categories subjective and objective (Mahsud, 2000). Researchers selected the
subjective writing includes editorial and editorial note, which reflect the policies of newspaper.
Data Collection
Three major English dailies “Dawn”, “The Nation”, “The News”, and ”Dawn” are selected for the
collection of data for the study. The Nation sister newspaper of Nawa-e-Waqat and it is ideology based
newspaper. The News' sister newspaper of Jung is considered as pro-government newspaper, while
‘Dawn’ is an independent leading national English daily. That is why researchers selected these
newspapers to examine and check their opinion pages’ treatment of US policy towards Pakistan.
Systematic sampling procedure is adopted through which 135 newspapers (containing 45 issues of
each newspaper) out of total 270 issues of the selected three dailies are being selected for analysis. All
those editorials and editorial notes published on the issues, such as politics, economics, education,
health, defense, and terrorism by the selected newspapers are taken as unit of analysis. To adequately
deal with the data collection on scientific way, a broad level standardized coding sheet is developed in
which exclusive and exhaustive categories are created. The required data was collected from initially
21 newspapers containing 7 issues of each selected newspaper. Six coders (students) were properly
trained and facilitated to check the authenticity of the coding sheet.