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Effect of Mathematical Games on Nigerian Students’ Performance in Mathematics in Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis 264 [24] Obodo, G.C.(1997). Principles and practice in mathematics education In Nigeria. Enugu: Enugu State University of Science and Technology. [25] Osakwe, E. (1990). Effects of instructional models on student’s spatial conceptualization in social studies. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. University of Ibadan, Ibadan. [26] Pines, A. L. and West L.H.T (1986) Conceptual understanding of Science Learning- An Interpretation of Research within a source of Knowledge. Science Education.70(5) pp583 – 604 [27] Seegers, G. and Boekaerts, M. (1996). Gender-related Differences in Self-referenced Cognitions in Relation to Mathematics. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 27(2), p. 215. [28] Thorndike, R. L. (1971) Educational measurement (2 nd Edition) Washington DC: American Council on Education.
European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.20 No.2 (2008), pp.265-273 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Community Norms and Cultural Attitudes and Beliefs Factors Influencing Violence Against Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria Thomas G. Adegoke Department of Social Work, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria E-mail: tgadegoke@yahoo.com Oladeji, David Department of Home and Hotel Management, (Child Development and Family Studies Unit) Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria E-mail: dijidejilyahoo.co.uk Abstract This study examined the influence of men's right to control their wives' behaviour, discipline their wives by force, how dowry can escalate threat and violence, how bride wealth is synonymous to purchasing a wife and how female, chastity and male honour serve to justify violence among women of reproduction age in Nigeria. A total of 250 men and women from different professions were drawn randomly in Ibadan constituted the sample for the study. The three instruments used were author-constructed questionnaires with 0.69, 0.72, and 0.66 reliability coefficients respectively. The data obtained were analysed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that significant relationships existed between, men's right to control their wives' behaviour, discipline their wives by force, that bridewealth is synonymous to purchasing a wife, and that, female chastity and male honour serve to justify violence but not with dowry demand. The results therefore, indicate the need for those in the helping professions, the government, community leaders and non-governmental organizations to mount strategies towards putting an end to violence against women. Introduction Violence against women is the most pervasive yet least recognized human rights abuse in the world. It is also a profound social, psychological and health problems, sapping women's energy, compromising their physical health, and eroding their self-esteem. Despite its high costs, almost every society in the world has social institutions that legitimize, obscure, and deny abuse. The same acts that would be punished if directed at an employer, a neighbour, or an acquaintance often go unchallenged when man direct them at women, especially within the family. For over two decades women's advocacy group around the world have been working to draw more attention to the physical, psychological and sexual abuse of women and to stress the need for action. They have provided abused women with shelter, lobbied for legal reforms, and challenged the widespread attitudes and beliefs that support violent behaviour against women (Heise, 1996). Increasingly, these efforts are having results. Today, international institutions are speaking out against gender-based violence. Surveys and studies are collecting more information about the prevalence and nature of abuse. More organizations, service providers, and policy-makers are
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