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408 N'guessan K. Edouard, Kouassi K. Edouard and Sangne Y. Charles • Two cameras, to photograph plants The flora of HUTCHINSON and DALZIEL (1954-1972), the works of LEBRUN and STORK (1991, 1992, 1995, 1997) and the flora of AKÉ ASSI (2001, 2002) were used to name taxa in this peace of writing. 2.3. Mode of sampling and data processing 2.3.1. Sampling The botanical surveys were made on a square surface of 2 km side called "grid" (figure 2). In this grid, it was open 10 tailboards in the East-West direction. On the tailboards, at each 200 meters, parcels of land with 10 m width and 20 m long were posed. The floristic inventories are carried out on these surfaces called "points" and on the tailboards connecting the points. In the points, all the vegetable species are identified and their names noted on the cards of survey without taking account of their abundance and their frequency. Eight principal types of biotopes were considered according to types' of vegetation. It is: primary forests, secondary forests, fallow, reforestations multispecific, cocoa plantations and food crops, the teak reforestation on different dates (2000, 1994). In the grid, there was only 6 points inventory in primary forest. Thus, in all the other environments, we chose in a random way, 6 focal points to carry out the analyses of comparison. Figure 2: Sampling system 2.3.2. Analyze data 2.3.2.1 Floristic diversity Floristic richness The floristic richness of a territory is measured by the number of the species listed inside its limits, taking into account its surface (O.R.S.T.O.M., 1983). Many methods make it possible to evaluate the floristic diversity of a territory. The floristic richness represents the simplest floristic characteristic of a territory. Thus, for each type of vegetation considered, we drew up the corresponding floristic list.
Diversity of a Mosaic Ecosystem in the Surroundings of the Téné Classified Forest (Oumé), Western Center of Côte D'ivoire 409 Index of diversity (Shannon and weaver) Specific diversity is a measurement of the composition in species of a plants population which takes account of the number of species and their relative abundance (LEGENDRE & LEGENDRE 1982). This index will be calculated for each ecosystem. If we indicate by N the total number of the S species considered, ni the total number of the individuals of a species i and pi (ni/N) the relative abundance of this species i, then the index of Shannon and Weaver is estimated by the following mathematics expression: s I = −∑ Pi × log2× Pi i= 1 Index of equitability The equitability in a plants population, informs about the distribution of total number between the different species. Here, the index of equitability will be calculated to compare the distributions of the species in the biotopes. Thus, the calculation of the index of specific diversity must be always accompanied by that of the equitability, because 2 populations with different aspect can have same diversity (KOUASSI, 2002). The equitability E is obtained by bringing back diversity observed to maximum theoretical diversity. E = log I × S 2 The equitability varies from 0 to 1. It tends towards 0 when the near total of total number is concentrated on a species and towards 1, when all the species have same abundance. 2.3.2.2. Test of homogeneity Cluster It is a test which consists in grouping the entities according to their resemblances, and to move them away at a distance, according to their dissimilarities. The results are expressed in the form of trees with ramifications various lengths. Constancy Constancy is a categorization of the species met in our survey according to their relative frequencies brought back to 100 (DAJOZ, 1982). It is calculated according to the following formula: px C = × 100 P With px: a number of survey in which species x is listed P: a total number of survey of the sample When the values of C are higher than 50 %, the species are qualified constants. For the values ranging between 50 % and 25 %, the species are known as accessory. Lastly, for the values of C lower than 25 %, the species are known as accidental. The formula will be applied to the ecosystems to characterize the degree of presence of the inventoried species.
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