European Journal of Scientific Research - EuroJournals
European Journal of Scientific Research - EuroJournals
European Journal of Scientific Research - EuroJournals
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Effect <strong>of</strong> Mathematical Games on Nigerian Students’ Performance in Mathematics in<br />
Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis 258<br />
The pretest questions were administered to the two groups first, before teaching took place.<br />
This helped the researcher determine the equivalence <strong>of</strong> the groups. The experimental group was taught<br />
using the lesson plan prepared with mathematical games.<br />
In the course <strong>of</strong> the teaching, “Card games” were given to the students to play and study with in<br />
groups <strong>of</strong> “five”. After this, the posttest item consisting <strong>of</strong> twenty objective questions was<br />
administered. The control group was taught using traditional method without games.<br />
The posttest consists <strong>of</strong> a 20-item test, based on simple equation. This was administered to the 2<br />
groups used for the study. The scores obtained enabled the determination <strong>of</strong> any difference in the<br />
achievement <strong>of</strong> students exposed to mathematical games and those not. This posttest instrument was a<br />
parallel form <strong>of</strong> the pretest instrument. (i.e similar in content). According to Mehrens and Lehman<br />
(1973) two parallel tests can be used in order to reduce the memory effects <strong>of</strong> the students.<br />
The reliability <strong>of</strong> the tests (pretest and posttest) were also computed using a pilot group <strong>of</strong> 40<br />
students from the Federal Government Girls College, Abuloma – a subset <strong>of</strong> the population. Using<br />
Kuder – Richardson Estimates formula, the reliability <strong>of</strong> the pretest was estimated to be rxx = 0.9 while<br />
the reliability <strong>of</strong> the posttest was estimated to be ryy=0.8. For the reliability <strong>of</strong> the whole test, Peason<br />
Product Correlation Coefficient was r½x½y =0.70. Spearman Brown Prophesy Formula was applied as a<br />
correction factor and the reliability coefficient <strong>of</strong> 0.82 was obtained for the whole test. (Thorndike,<br />
1971). From the obtained value one could predict that a person with a comparatively high score in the<br />
pretests would also score high in the posttest and vise versa all variables remaining constant.<br />
Data Analysis<br />
Descriptive statistics was used for research questions 1 to 4 and this involved computation <strong>of</strong> means<br />
standard deviation and variance <strong>of</strong> the scores.<br />
For Hypotheses Testing, Inferential statistics was applied using Non-Independent t-test<br />
statistics for Ho1 and Ho2, also used was simple Analysis <strong>of</strong> variance (ANOVA) for Ho3, and Ho4.<br />
<strong>Research</strong> Question i<br />
Is there any difference between the pretest scores and posttest scores <strong>of</strong> students in the experimental<br />
group within each school?<br />
Table 1: pretest/posttest means scores/standard deviation <strong>of</strong> students within each school<br />
Experimental group School 1 School 2 School 3<br />
Pretest X =6.2 SD =2.5 X =4.0 SD =1.8 X =7.0 SD =3.5<br />
Posttest X =10 SD =2.8 X =8 SD =2.1 X =11 SD =3.5<br />
Diff. in means 4.2 4.0 4.0<br />
The experimental group in school 1 had a pretest mean score ( X ) <strong>of</strong> 6.2 and Standard deviation<br />
(SD) <strong>of</strong> 2.5 and post test mean score <strong>of</strong> 10 and standard deviation <strong>of</strong> 2.8. Difference in the mean score<br />
is 4.2.<br />
The experimental group <strong>of</strong> school 2 had a pretest mean score ( X ) <strong>of</strong> 4.0 and standard deviation<br />
(SD) <strong>of</strong> 1.8 and post test mean score <strong>of</strong> 8.0 and standard deviation <strong>of</strong> 2.1. The difference in the mean<br />
score is 4.0<br />
The experimental group <strong>of</strong> school 3 had a pretest mean score ( X ) <strong>of</strong> 7.0 and standard deviation<br />
(SD) <strong>of</strong> 3.5 and posttest mean score <strong>of</strong> 3.5. The difference in the mean score is 4.0. In each <strong>of</strong> the<br />
schools, using pretest means score as the basis <strong>of</strong> comparison there was an increase in the students’<br />
posttest scores.