DVD Demystified

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CHAPTER 5 Disc and Data Details Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click Here for Terms of Use.
212 Introduction Chapter 5 This chapter covers the details of the physical DVD formats and data recording formats. A basic understanding of terms and concepts from Chapters 3 and 4 is assumed. DVD-ROM is the foundation of DVD: the physical layer and the file system layer. DVD-Video and DVD-Audio are applications of DVD-ROM and are also applications of MPEG-2, Dolby Digital, MLP, and other standardized formats. That is, the DVD-Video and DVD-Audio formats define subsets of other standards to be applied in practice for audio and video playback. DVD-ROM can contain any desired digital information, but DVD- Video and DVD-Audio are limited to certain data types designed for video and audio reproduction. The DVD-Video data types are matched to NTSC and PAL television formats, since NTSC and PAL televisions are the primary target systems. The DVD family includes recordable versions of DVD-ROM. Application specifications for recording are built on top of the recordable format specifications. These are DVD Video Recording (DVD-VR), DVD Audio Recording (DVD-AR), and DVD Stream Recording (DVD-SR). The DVD application specifications, particularly DVD-Video and DVD-Audio, are covered in detail in Chapter 6. Physical Composition Table 5.1 lists the physical characteristics of DVD. Most of these characteristics are shared by all the physical formats (read-only, writable, 12 centimeter and 8 centimeter). Substrates and Layers A DVD disc is composed of two bonded plastic substrates (Figure 5.1). Each substrate can contain one or two layers of data. The first layer, called layer 0, is closest to the side of the disc from which the data is read. The second layer, called layer 1, is further from the readout surface. A disc is read from the bottom, so layer 0 is below layer 1. The layers are spaced very close together; the distance between layers is 55 microns, which is less than onetenth of the thickness of the substrate (less than one-twentieth of the thickness of the disc).
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TEAMFLY
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McGraw-Hill abc Copyright © 2001 b
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PRAISE FOR DVD DEMYSTIFIED It was o
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viii Contents The Referee Shows Up
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x DVD Myths 166 Myth: “DVD Is Rev
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xii Contents Closed Captions 311 Ca
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xiv Contents Advantages of SVCD ove
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xvi Contents DVD-Video Drivers 455
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xviii Contents Appendix A Quick Ref
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xx Foreword at the mall may in fact
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xxii Acknowledgments Technologies;
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2 Introduction Chapter 1 DVD is the
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4 players. DVD discs are produced w
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6 ing these information streams. An
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8 device that also can play movies.
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10 In addition to space for more da
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12 ■ Home productivity and “edu
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14 TABLE 1.1 Meanings of Prefixes S
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16 TABLE 1.2 Notations Used in This
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18 Chapter 1 chroma signals. Some D
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20 A Brief History of Audio Technol
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22 Chapter 2 Up to this point, soun
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24 version. Once available, with su
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26 Figure 2.3 Revolving picture toy
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28 Chapter 2 second, 6 with 16 fram
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30 Chapter 2 individual picture ele
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32 Figure 2.4 Tape head comparison
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34 1977, and the number grew rapidl
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36 Chapter 2 Philips, Thomson, and
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38 Figure 2.5 Punched card and opti
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40 Figure 2.7 The CD family tree Ch
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42 Chapter 2 In 1989, the CD-ROM
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44 Chapter 2 By this time, Sony and
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46 Figure 2.8 Timeline of DVD devel
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48 peripheral hardware manufacturer
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50 Chapter 2 that MMCD would be sta
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52 Figure 2.9 The DVD patent pie Pr
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54 DVD Consortium would be signed a
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56 Chapter 2 the delay. Again, more
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58 At about this time, the supposed
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60 Entertainment/Sony Wonder, MGM H
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62 Chapter 2 wait-and-see stance. S
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64 Chapter 2 Express, a company tha
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66 Chapter 2 about 87,000 Divx play
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68 Chapter 2 the Zoran software DVD
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70 Chapter 2 outside the country, i
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72 Chapter 2 eventually find its wa
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74 The Year of DVD Chapter 2 1999,
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76 specification. Not surprisingly,
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78 Chapter 2 to sell a million copi
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80 be considered illegal circumvent
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82 What they seemed unable or unwil
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84 Chapter 2 in 2000. Given the cut
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86 existed, even in countries where
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88 Introduction Chapter 3 This chap
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90 Chapter 3 Birds Over the Phone:
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92 Chapter 3 The human retina has t
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94 DVD uses YC bC r as its native s
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96 Figure 3.3 Block transforms and
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98 Chapter 3 encoders only create I
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100 Chapter 3 sense, MPEG is still
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102 Birds Revisited: Understanding
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104 audio compression takes a block
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106 The hierarchical structure of M
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108 The DTS Coherent Acoustics form
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110 Chapter 3 many things, most of
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112 Chapter 3 which ones are worth
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114 Chapter 3 copies can be made wi
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116 Figure 3.9 TV shape versus movi
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118 Figure 3.14 Soft matte filming
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120 original filming are maintained
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122 Figure 3.17a-o Aspect ratios, c
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124 Chapter 3 see the unchanged ana
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126 Figure 3.19 Expand (theater) mo
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128 Figure 3.20 Opening the frame f
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130 Figure 3.22 Display sizes at eq
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132 The Transfer Tango Chapter 3 Of
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134 TABLE 3.2 Combinations of Outpu
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136 Figure 3.24 Interlaced scan and
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138 called 3—2 pushup). There are
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140 Figure 3.27 Bob Chapter 3 also
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142 Chapter 3 artifacts than with i
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144 Introduction This chapter deals
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146 will have mostly merged with DV
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148 TABLE 4.2 DVD Specification Tim
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150 TABLE 4.4 Examples of Compatibi
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152 TABLE 4.4 Cont. Examples of Com
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154 New Wine in Old Bottles: DVD on
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TABLE 4.5 DVD Multi Compatibility D
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158 Chapter 4 The following section
Page 185 and 186: 160 Most DVD players allow the owne
Page 187 and 188: 162 select alternate sequences so t
Page 189 and 190: 164 Customization As mentioned, DVD
Page 191 and 192: 166 dedicated or obsessed professio
Page 193 and 194: 168 Myth: “DVD Is a Worldwide Sta
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Page 197 and 198: 172 Myth: “Compression Does Not W
Page 199 and 200: 174 Myth: “The Audio Level from D
Page 201 and 202: 176 to music channels such as MTV w
Page 203 and 204: 178 Chapter 4 The probable genesis
Page 205 and 206: 180 Figure 4.3 Number squares Chapt
Page 207 and 208: 182 Figure 4.4 DVD layers Chapter 4
Page 209 and 210: 184 TABLE 4.7 Physical Format Varia
Page 211 and 212: 186 TABLE 4.8 DVD Hybrids Chapter 4
Page 213 and 214: 188 Figure 4.6 Map of DVD regions.
Page 215 and 216: 190 producers will play fine in the
Page 217 and 218: 192 Chapter 4 back encrypted conten
Page 219 and 220: 194 Chapter 4 DVD-Audio content may
Page 221 and 222: 196 Chapter 4 Computer video cards
Page 223 and 224: 198 Chapter 4 48 kHz sampling frequ
Page 225 and 226: 200 Chapter 4 IBM, and NEC. The res
Page 227 and 228: 202 Figure 4.8 Scope of copy protec
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Page 231 and 232: 206 TABLE 4.10 DVD Patent Licensing
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Page 239 and 240: 214 TABLE 5.1 cont. Physical Charac
Page 241 and 242: 216 Figure 5.2 Mastering and stampi
Page 243 and 244: 218 2. Two layers on one side a. St
Page 245 and 246: 220 Figure 5.4 Burst cutting area B
Page 247 and 248: 222 Chapter 5 DVDs are quite stable
Page 249 and 250: 224 TABLE 5.3 Compatibility of Writ
Page 251 and 252: 226 Chapter 5 Since sectors are alr
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Page 255 and 256: 230 Chapter 5 DVD-RAM is the best s
Page 257 and 258: 232 Figure 5.6 DVD cartridges DVD+R
Page 259 and 260: 234 Figure 5.7 Phase-change recordi
Page 261 and 262: 236 TABLE 5.6 Comparison of Physica
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Page 265 and 266: 240 Figure 5.9 ECC block and record
Page 267 and 268: 242 units from an ECC block. This p
Page 269 and 270: 244 Figure 5.13 Recording data stru
Page 271 and 272: 246 TABLE 5.8 cont. Contents of Lea
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Page 275 and 276: 250 Introduction Chapter 6 The DVD-
Page 277 and 278: 252 TABLE 6.1 Stream Data Rates Fig
Page 279 and 280: 254 Figure 6.3 Data rate versus pla
Page 281 and 282: 256 Figure 6.4 DVD-Video and DVD- A
Page 283 and 284: 258 Figure 6.6 DVD-Video player blo
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262 Figure 6.9 DVD-Video physical d
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264 Figure 6.13 Cell structure Figu
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266 Figure 6.15 Pack structure Figu
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268 TABLE 6.9 Spaces Space Scope Nu
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270 Figure 6.17 Presentation data s
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272 Figure 6.20 Title structures Fi
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274 Figure 6.23 Navigation data str
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276 TABLE 6.12 Search Types Chapter
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278 TABLE 6.13 cont. Navigation Com
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280 TABLE 6.15 Player System Parame
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282 domains with related navigation
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284 Buttons Chapter 6 Information t
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286 Stills are a handy way to show
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288 TABLE 6.18 User Operation Contr
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290 TABLE 6.20 Differences between
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292 Chapter 6 Scanning and Frame Ra
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294 TABLE 6.22 DVD-Video Pixel Aspe
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296 TABLE 6.24 Widescreen Signaling
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298 Figure 6.27 Weighted pan and sc
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300 Figure 6.29 Video block diagram
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302 TABLE 6.28 Dolby Digital Audio
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304 TABLE 6.29 MPEG Audio Details S
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306 TABLE 6.32 DTS Audio Details Ch
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308 Figure 6.30 Dolby Digital audio
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310 Figure 6.32 Subpicture unit str
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312 Figure 6.33 Examples of camera
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314 Figure 6.34 Example of seamless
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316 Figure 6.35 DVD text data examp
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318 TABLE 6.37 cont. DVD Text Data
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320 TABLE 6.38 Comparison of Audio
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322 Figure 6.36 DVD-Audio logical s
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324 Navigation Because DVD-Audio-on
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326 TABLE 6.42 DVD-Audio Playing Ti
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328 Downmixing DVD-Audio includes s
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330 the standard 1.2mm distance fro
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332 DVD-AR The DVD Audio Recording
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336 Introduction DVD-ROM is a well-
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338 Chapter 7 by 18 percent. Regard
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340 countries using the PAL or simi
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342 Playback Incompatibilities Chap
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344 the soundtrack across jumps, su
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346 Deficient Pan and Scan DVD uses
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348 screens one at a time. Finally,
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350 improve, but many applications
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352 Chapter 7 consumer electronics,
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354 Introduction This chapter compa
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356 TABLE 8.1 Laserdisc and DVD-Vid
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358 Chapter 8 even though it is hea
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360 Laserdiscs have one advantage o
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362 TABLE 8.2 VHS and DVD- Video Sp
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364 provide better-than-CD audio. T
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366 Chapter 8 Digital Videotape (DV
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368 TABLE 8.3 cont. DV and DVD-Vide
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370 Advantages of DV over DVD-Video
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372 TABLE 8.4 Audio CD and DVD-Vide
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374 Advantages of Audio CD over DVD
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376 Chapter 8 so quickly after firs
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378 mark checking), added complexit
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380 TABLE 8.6 cont. Video CD, Super
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382 5.1-channel surround sound in D
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384 Recording Standards in Septembe
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386 Compatibility of CD-R and DVD A
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388 been added to the catalog since
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390 Advantages of MiniDisc over DVD
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392 to heat damage. DVD error corre
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394 Support. MO technology is suppo
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396 Introduction The primary focus
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398 Table 9.1 cont. Checklist of Pl
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400 ■ Six-channel analog surround
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402 Figure 9.6 IEEE 1394 connector
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404 Chapter 9 receiver or as a sepa
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406 Chapter 9 audio output from the
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408 A Bit About Bass Chapter 9 The
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410 Chapter 9 Two versions of compo
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412 How to Get the Best Picture and
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414 THX Certification Lucasfilm THX
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416 preserved along with the artist
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418 Care and Feeding of Discs Since
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420 To Buy or Not to Buy This secti
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422 ■ Compatibility with the futu
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424 player, you may want to pop the
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426 Chapter 9 2g. You ought to get
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428 Chapter 9 5a. Do you buy used v
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430 14. Does your VCR ever eat tape
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432 Introduction The effectiveness
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434 did to the print industry. Vide
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436 ■ Ambient video and music ■
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438 Product catalogs with thousands
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440 DVD-Video works so well for cer
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442 Chapter 10 Documentaries, histo
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444 Introduction The wall dividing
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446 compatibility and interoperabil
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448 device. It can be considered si
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450 TABLE 11.2 DVD ATAPI/SCSI Inter
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452 Mac OS Almost any Macintosh com
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454 approach is to use the minimum
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456 Chapter 11 essential. Some oper
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458 Chapter 11 hardware abstraction
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460 on). On modern graphics cards w
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462 databases of supplemental infor
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464 Chapter 11 does not use anythin
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466 Chapter 11 in the drive), and f
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468 Chapter 11 organize and present
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470 Chapter 11 The continuum of Web
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472 Chapter 11 children to grandmot
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474 Chapter 11 Making and Accessing
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476 Chapter 11 In this example, an
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478 Point presentations, PCFriendly
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480 Large libraries of video that c
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482 Chapter 11 and in the control a
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484 Chapter 11 independent. The dec
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486 They are responsible for mainta
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488 Content Protection for Prerecor
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490 reads the media key block from
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492 Chapter 11 up to five times. Af
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494 Introduction Chapter 12 This ch
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496 TABLE 12.1 Project examples Pro
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498 Chapter 12 goes wrong. On the d
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500 ■ An audio compressionist mus
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502 have tools for testing and may
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504 Regardless of the number of reg
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506 Project Design Chapter 12 The p
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508 ments provide a roadmap to be u
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510 Figure 12.2 Menu subpicture hig
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512 ■ Buttons are subpictures, an
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514 Always enable navigation with o
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516 Figure 12.5 Data rate vs. capac
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518 age data rate (in Mbps). Adjust
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520 Chapter 12 quality conversion i
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522 If at all possible, do not use
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524 Chapter 12 with a proper 5.1 mi
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526 Chapter 12 Subpictures for Anam
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528 Chapter 12 don’t mesh in NTSC
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530 Figure 12.6 Video safe areas Ch
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532 TABLE 12.6 Video graphics check
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534 usually turn around and write t
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536 Chapter 12 integrity. Be carefu
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538 Figure 12.7 Standard package ic
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540 ■ Entry points (chapters, pro
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542 billions of bytes and gigabytes
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546 Introduction Chapter 13 In the
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548 Figure 13.1 Consumer electronic
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550 Chapter 13 Total consumer elect
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552 New Generations of DVD The deve
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554 Chapter 13 are still under deve
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556 display. Video edition applicat
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558 None of these, however, is the
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560 high-priced specialty items, wh
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562 Chapter 13 most quality into th
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564 Figure 13.3 Media convergence i
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566 Chapter 13 poor picture quality
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570 Figure A.3 Data rate versus cap
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572 TABLE A.2 DVD Capacities Sides/
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574 TABLE A.3 Playing Times for Var
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576 TABLE A.5 Stream Data Rates TAB
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578 TABLE A.7 DVD and CD Characteri
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580 TABLE A.8 Comparison of MMCD, S
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582 TABLE A.11 DVD-Video Logical Un
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584 TABLE A.15 PCM Audio Details TA
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586 TABLE A.18 cont. Player System
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588 TABLE A.19 Video resolution VHS
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590 TABLE A.20 Resolution Compariso
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592 TABLE A.22 Player and Media Com
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594 TABLE A.24 ISO 639 Language Cod
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596 TABLE A.24 cont. ISO 639 Langua
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602 TABLE A.25 cont. ISO 3116 Count
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612 and file structure of write-onc
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614 Digital audio interface: —IEC
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616 Watkinson, John. The Art of Dig
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618 Patent Licensing (Dolby Digital
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620 Dataquest Market research www.d
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622 Magazines Digital Video Magazin
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624 European Computer Manufacturers
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626 Electronic Industries Associati
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628 Glossary 480i 480 lines of inte
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630 Glossary ATAPI Advanced Technol
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632 Glossary and they do not propag
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634 Glossary mines if the other sid
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636 Glossary pression removes only
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638 Glossary delta picture (or delt
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640 Glossary DTS Digital Theater So
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642 Glossary nal film. Enhancement,
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644 Glossary frame The piece of a v
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646 Glossary IDTV Improved-definiti
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648 Glossary kilobyte 1,024 (210 )
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650 Glossary linear luminance. The
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652 Glossary mother The metal discs
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654 Glossary also used in Canada, J
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656 Glossary PES Packetized element
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658 Glossary quantize To convert a
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660 Glossary RSDL Reverse-spiral du
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662 Glossary channels of embedded d
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664 Glossary SXGA A video graphics
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666 Glossary user data The data rec
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668 Glossary Yellow Book The docume
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670 application types, 460-461 appl
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672 capacity, 45, 433 audio, 373 CA
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674 computers applications, 444, 45
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676 Divx;-), 71 DMA (Direct Memory
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678 inverse telecine, 137 stills, 4
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680 mattes, 118 progressive scannin
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682 M Mac OS systems, 452 macrobloc
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684 discs, 557 frequency bands, 104
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686 aspect ratios, 129 line multipl
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688 software certification via THX,
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690 V VBR (variable bit rate), 98,
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DVD Demystified

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