DVD Demystified

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DVD on Computers The two devices use the exchanged data to calculate a shared value that will be equal if both devices have a valid set of keys. This shared value is then used to encrypt and decrypt protected data. A block cipher is used during the authentication process. Reauthentication occurs approximately every two seconds (128 data frames) to confirm that the link is still secure. That is, the computer checks that it has not been unplugged from an authorized device and plugged into an unauthorized device. Content is encrypted in the computer (at the transmitter) so that devices tapped into the connection cannot make any unauthorized copies. A stream cipher is XORed with the video data to provide pixel-by-pixel content protection. Because the receiving device has calculated the same cipher key, it can decrypt the incoming stream. If the encrypted content is viewed on a display device without decryption, it appears as random noise. If a display device is compromised and its secret keys are exposed, the licensing administrator places the device’s KSV on a key-revocation list, which is carried by system renewability messages (SRMs). The computer updates its key-revocation list whenever it receives a new SRM, which can come from prerecorded or broadcast sources, or from a connected device. Region Management Details 491 Before 2000, regional management was handled independent of the drive and most DVD-ROM drives had no built-in region code. These drives were designed according to region playback control phase 1 (RPC1). Because RPC1 drives did not contain hardware support for region management, the software player application, the decoder, or the operating system was responsible for maintaining the region code. The region code could be set once by the user on initial use. Some older DVD decoders were preset for a specific region. Generally speaking, the user could not change a decoder’s region. To make it easier for drive manufacturers to ship drives anywhere in the world, for computer makers to allow their customers to set the proper region code for where they live, and for users to change the region code if they move to a different region, region playback control phase 2 (RPC2) was implemented. As of January 1, 2000, all drive manufacturers are required to make only RPC2 drives. (This deadline was pushed back numerous times from earlier dates.) RPC2 drives maintain region code and region change count information in firmware. The user can change the region of the drive
492 Chapter 11 up to five times. After that, it can’t be changed again unless the vendor or manufacturer resets the drive. RPC2 moves region management into the drive hardware where it’s more secure and more easily controlled. An RPC2 drive has four region states that can be queried and set by the host computer: ■ None: The drive region has not been set. The computer must set the initial region before playing discs with region information. When the region is first set, the region-setting counter goes from 5 to 4. ■ Set: The drive region has been set. The region-setting counter will decrement on each change until it reaches 1. ■ Last chance: The region-setting counter is 1, and the drive region can be set only one more time. In order to change to a new region, it must be the same as an inserted single-region disc. ■ Permanent: The region-setting counter is 0, and the region can no longer be changed. At this point, the drive region can be reinitialized by the vendor to the None state.
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TEAMFLY
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McGraw-Hill abc Copyright © 2001 b
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PRAISE FOR DVD DEMYSTIFIED It was o
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viii Contents The Referee Shows Up
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x DVD Myths 166 Myth: “DVD Is Rev
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xii Contents Closed Captions 311 Ca
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xiv Contents Advantages of SVCD ove
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xvi Contents DVD-Video Drivers 455
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xviii Contents Appendix A Quick Ref
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xx Foreword at the mall may in fact
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xxii Acknowledgments Technologies;
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2 Introduction Chapter 1 DVD is the
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4 players. DVD discs are produced w
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6 ing these information streams. An
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8 device that also can play movies.
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10 In addition to space for more da
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12 ■ Home productivity and “edu
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14 TABLE 1.1 Meanings of Prefixes S
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16 TABLE 1.2 Notations Used in This
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18 Chapter 1 chroma signals. Some D
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20 A Brief History of Audio Technol
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22 Chapter 2 Up to this point, soun
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24 version. Once available, with su
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26 Figure 2.3 Revolving picture toy
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28 Chapter 2 second, 6 with 16 fram
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30 Chapter 2 individual picture ele
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32 Figure 2.4 Tape head comparison
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34 1977, and the number grew rapidl
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36 Chapter 2 Philips, Thomson, and
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38 Figure 2.5 Punched card and opti
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40 Figure 2.7 The CD family tree Ch
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42 Chapter 2 In 1989, the CD-ROM
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44 Chapter 2 By this time, Sony and
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46 Figure 2.8 Timeline of DVD devel
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48 peripheral hardware manufacturer
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50 Chapter 2 that MMCD would be sta
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52 Figure 2.9 The DVD patent pie Pr
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54 DVD Consortium would be signed a
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56 Chapter 2 the delay. Again, more
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58 At about this time, the supposed
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60 Entertainment/Sony Wonder, MGM H
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62 Chapter 2 wait-and-see stance. S
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64 Chapter 2 Express, a company tha
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66 Chapter 2 about 87,000 Divx play
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68 Chapter 2 the Zoran software DVD
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70 Chapter 2 outside the country, i
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72 Chapter 2 eventually find its wa
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74 The Year of DVD Chapter 2 1999,
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76 specification. Not surprisingly,
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78 Chapter 2 to sell a million copi
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80 be considered illegal circumvent
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82 What they seemed unable or unwil
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84 Chapter 2 in 2000. Given the cut
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86 existed, even in countries where
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88 Introduction Chapter 3 This chap
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90 Chapter 3 Birds Over the Phone:
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92 Chapter 3 The human retina has t
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94 DVD uses YC bC r as its native s
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96 Figure 3.3 Block transforms and
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98 Chapter 3 encoders only create I
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100 Chapter 3 sense, MPEG is still
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102 Birds Revisited: Understanding
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104 audio compression takes a block
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106 The hierarchical structure of M
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108 The DTS Coherent Acoustics form
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110 Chapter 3 many things, most of
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112 Chapter 3 which ones are worth
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114 Chapter 3 copies can be made wi
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116 Figure 3.9 TV shape versus movi
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118 Figure 3.14 Soft matte filming
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120 original filming are maintained
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122 Figure 3.17a-o Aspect ratios, c
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124 Chapter 3 see the unchanged ana
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126 Figure 3.19 Expand (theater) mo
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128 Figure 3.20 Opening the frame f
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130 Figure 3.22 Display sizes at eq
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132 The Transfer Tango Chapter 3 Of
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134 TABLE 3.2 Combinations of Outpu
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136 Figure 3.24 Interlaced scan and
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138 called 3—2 pushup). There are
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140 Figure 3.27 Bob Chapter 3 also
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142 Chapter 3 artifacts than with i
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144 Introduction This chapter deals
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146 will have mostly merged with DV
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148 TABLE 4.2 DVD Specification Tim
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150 TABLE 4.4 Examples of Compatibi
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152 TABLE 4.4 Cont. Examples of Com
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154 New Wine in Old Bottles: DVD on
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TABLE 4.5 DVD Multi Compatibility D
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158 Chapter 4 The following section
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160 Most DVD players allow the owne
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162 select alternate sequences so t
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164 Customization As mentioned, DVD
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166 dedicated or obsessed professio
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168 Myth: “DVD Is a Worldwide Sta
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170 Myth: “DVD Is Better Because
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172 Myth: “Compression Does Not W
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174 Myth: “The Audio Level from D
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176 to music channels such as MTV w
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178 Chapter 4 The probable genesis
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180 Figure 4.3 Number squares Chapt
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182 Figure 4.4 DVD layers Chapter 4
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184 TABLE 4.7 Physical Format Varia
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186 TABLE 4.8 DVD Hybrids Chapter 4
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188 Figure 4.6 Map of DVD regions.
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190 producers will play fine in the
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192 Chapter 4 back encrypted conten
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194 Chapter 4 DVD-Audio content may
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196 Chapter 4 Computer video cards
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198 Chapter 4 48 kHz sampling frequ
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200 Chapter 4 IBM, and NEC. The res
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202 Figure 4.8 Scope of copy protec
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204 playback device that is sanctio
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206 TABLE 4.10 DVD Patent Licensing
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208 royalties also may be owed to D
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212 Introduction Chapter 5 This cha
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214 TABLE 5.1 cont. Physical Charac
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216 Figure 5.2 Mastering and stampi
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218 2. Two layers on one side a. St
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220 Figure 5.4 Burst cutting area B
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222 Chapter 5 DVDs are quite stable
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224 TABLE 5.3 Compatibility of Writ
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226 Chapter 5 Since sectors are alr
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228 and the land area. DVD-RW capac
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230 Chapter 5 DVD-RAM is the best s
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232 Figure 5.6 DVD cartridges DVD+R
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234 Figure 5.7 Phase-change recordi
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236 TABLE 5.6 Comparison of Physica
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238 TABLE 5.7 Data Storage Characte
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240 Figure 5.9 ECC block and record
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242 units from an ECC block. This p
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244 Figure 5.13 Recording data stru
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246 TABLE 5.8 cont. Contents of Lea
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250 Introduction Chapter 6 The DVD-
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252 TABLE 6.1 Stream Data Rates Fig
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254 Figure 6.3 Data rate versus pla
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256 Figure 6.4 DVD-Video and DVD- A
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258 Figure 6.6 DVD-Video player blo
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260 directional arrow keys for sele
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262 Figure 6.9 DVD-Video physical d
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264 Figure 6.13 Cell structure Figu
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266 Figure 6.15 Pack structure Figu
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268 TABLE 6.9 Spaces Space Scope Nu
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270 Figure 6.17 Presentation data s
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272 Figure 6.20 Title structures Fi
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274 Figure 6.23 Navigation data str
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276 TABLE 6.12 Search Types Chapter
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278 TABLE 6.13 cont. Navigation Com
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280 TABLE 6.15 Player System Parame
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282 domains with related navigation
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284 Buttons Chapter 6 Information t
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286 Stills are a handy way to show
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288 TABLE 6.18 User Operation Contr
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290 TABLE 6.20 Differences between
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292 Chapter 6 Scanning and Frame Ra
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294 TABLE 6.22 DVD-Video Pixel Aspe
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296 TABLE 6.24 Widescreen Signaling
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298 Figure 6.27 Weighted pan and sc
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300 Figure 6.29 Video block diagram
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302 TABLE 6.28 Dolby Digital Audio
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304 TABLE 6.29 MPEG Audio Details S
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306 TABLE 6.32 DTS Audio Details Ch
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308 Figure 6.30 Dolby Digital audio
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310 Figure 6.32 Subpicture unit str
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312 Figure 6.33 Examples of camera
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314 Figure 6.34 Example of seamless
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316 Figure 6.35 DVD text data examp
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318 TABLE 6.37 cont. DVD Text Data
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320 TABLE 6.38 Comparison of Audio
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322 Figure 6.36 DVD-Audio logical s
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324 Navigation Because DVD-Audio-on
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326 TABLE 6.42 DVD-Audio Playing Ti
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328 Downmixing DVD-Audio includes s
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330 the standard 1.2mm distance fro
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332 DVD-AR The DVD Audio Recording
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336 Introduction DVD-ROM is a well-
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338 Chapter 7 by 18 percent. Regard
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340 countries using the PAL or simi
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342 Playback Incompatibilities Chap
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344 the soundtrack across jumps, su
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346 Deficient Pan and Scan DVD uses
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348 screens one at a time. Finally,
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350 improve, but many applications
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352 Chapter 7 consumer electronics,
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354 Introduction This chapter compa
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356 TABLE 8.1 Laserdisc and DVD-Vid
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358 Chapter 8 even though it is hea
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360 Laserdiscs have one advantage o
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362 TABLE 8.2 VHS and DVD- Video Sp
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364 provide better-than-CD audio. T
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366 Chapter 8 Digital Videotape (DV
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368 TABLE 8.3 cont. DV and DVD-Vide
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370 Advantages of DV over DVD-Video
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372 TABLE 8.4 Audio CD and DVD-Vide
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374 Advantages of Audio CD over DVD
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376 Chapter 8 so quickly after firs
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378 mark checking), added complexit
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380 TABLE 8.6 cont. Video CD, Super
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382 5.1-channel surround sound in D
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384 Recording Standards in Septembe
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386 Compatibility of CD-R and DVD A
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388 been added to the catalog since
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390 Advantages of MiniDisc over DVD
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392 to heat damage. DVD error corre
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394 Support. MO technology is suppo
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396 Introduction The primary focus
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398 Table 9.1 cont. Checklist of Pl
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400 ■ Six-channel analog surround
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402 Figure 9.6 IEEE 1394 connector
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404 Chapter 9 receiver or as a sepa
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406 Chapter 9 audio output from the
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408 A Bit About Bass Chapter 9 The
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410 Chapter 9 Two versions of compo
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412 How to Get the Best Picture and
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414 THX Certification Lucasfilm THX
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416 preserved along with the artist
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418 Care and Feeding of Discs Since
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420 To Buy or Not to Buy This secti
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422 ■ Compatibility with the futu
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424 player, you may want to pop the
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426 Chapter 9 2g. You ought to get
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428 Chapter 9 5a. Do you buy used v
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430 14. Does your VCR ever eat tape
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432 Introduction The effectiveness
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434 did to the print industry. Vide
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436 ■ Ambient video and music ■
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438 Product catalogs with thousands
Page 465 and 466: 440 DVD-Video works so well for cer
Page 467 and 468: 442 Chapter 10 Documentaries, histo
Page 469 and 470: 444 Introduction The wall dividing
Page 471 and 472: 446 compatibility and interoperabil
Page 473 and 474: 448 device. It can be considered si
Page 475 and 476: 450 TABLE 11.2 DVD ATAPI/SCSI Inter
Page 477 and 478: 452 Mac OS Almost any Macintosh com
Page 479 and 480: 454 approach is to use the minimum
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Page 483 and 484: 458 Chapter 11 hardware abstraction
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Page 487 and 488: 462 databases of supplemental infor
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Page 491 and 492: 466 Chapter 11 in the drive), and f
Page 493 and 494: 468 Chapter 11 organize and present
Page 495 and 496: 470 Chapter 11 The continuum of Web
Page 497 and 498: 472 Chapter 11 children to grandmot
Page 499 and 500: 474 Chapter 11 Making and Accessing
Page 501 and 502: 476 Chapter 11 In this example, an
Page 503 and 504: 478 Point presentations, PCFriendly
Page 505 and 506: 480 Large libraries of video that c
Page 507 and 508: 482 Chapter 11 and in the control a
Page 509 and 510: 484 Chapter 11 independent. The dec
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Page 513 and 514: 488 Content Protection for Prerecor
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Page 519 and 520: 494 Introduction Chapter 12 This ch
Page 521 and 522: 496 TABLE 12.1 Project examples Pro
Page 523 and 524: 498 Chapter 12 goes wrong. On the d
Page 525 and 526: 500 ■ An audio compressionist mus
Page 527 and 528: 502 have tools for testing and may
Page 529 and 530: 504 Regardless of the number of reg
Page 531 and 532: 506 Project Design Chapter 12 The p
Page 533 and 534: 508 ments provide a roadmap to be u
Page 535 and 536: 510 Figure 12.2 Menu subpicture hig
Page 537 and 538: 512 ■ Buttons are subpictures, an
Page 539 and 540: 514 Always enable navigation with o
Page 541 and 542: 516 Figure 12.5 Data rate vs. capac
Page 543 and 544: 518 age data rate (in Mbps). Adjust
Page 545 and 546: 520 Chapter 12 quality conversion i
Page 547 and 548: 522 If at all possible, do not use
Page 549 and 550: 524 Chapter 12 with a proper 5.1 mi
Page 551 and 552: 526 Chapter 12 Subpictures for Anam
Page 553 and 554: 528 Chapter 12 don’t mesh in NTSC
Page 555 and 556: 530 Figure 12.6 Video safe areas Ch
Page 557 and 558: 532 TABLE 12.6 Video graphics check
Page 559 and 560: 534 usually turn around and write t
Page 561 and 562: 536 Chapter 12 integrity. Be carefu
Page 563 and 564: 538 Figure 12.7 Standard package ic
Page 565 and 566: 540 ■ Entry points (chapters, pro
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542 billions of bytes and gigabytes
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546 Introduction Chapter 13 In the
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548 Figure 13.1 Consumer electronic
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550 Chapter 13 Total consumer elect
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552 New Generations of DVD The deve
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554 Chapter 13 are still under deve
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556 display. Video edition applicat
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558 None of these, however, is the
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560 high-priced specialty items, wh
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562 Chapter 13 most quality into th
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564 Figure 13.3 Media convergence i
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566 Chapter 13 poor picture quality
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570 Figure A.3 Data rate versus cap
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572 TABLE A.2 DVD Capacities Sides/
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574 TABLE A.3 Playing Times for Var
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576 TABLE A.5 Stream Data Rates TAB
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578 TABLE A.7 DVD and CD Characteri
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580 TABLE A.8 Comparison of MMCD, S
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582 TABLE A.11 DVD-Video Logical Un
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584 TABLE A.15 PCM Audio Details TA
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586 TABLE A.18 cont. Player System
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588 TABLE A.19 Video resolution VHS
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590 TABLE A.20 Resolution Compariso
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592 TABLE A.22 Player and Media Com
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594 TABLE A.24 ISO 639 Language Cod
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596 TABLE A.24 cont. ISO 639 Langua
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602 TABLE A.25 cont. ISO 3116 Count
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612 and file structure of write-onc
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614 Digital audio interface: —IEC
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616 Watkinson, John. The Art of Dig
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618 Patent Licensing (Dolby Digital
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620 Dataquest Market research www.d
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622 Magazines Digital Video Magazin
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624 European Computer Manufacturers
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626 Electronic Industries Associati
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628 Glossary 480i 480 lines of inte
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630 Glossary ATAPI Advanced Technol
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632 Glossary and they do not propag
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634 Glossary mines if the other sid
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636 Glossary pression removes only
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638 Glossary delta picture (or delt
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640 Glossary DTS Digital Theater So
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642 Glossary nal film. Enhancement,
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644 Glossary frame The piece of a v
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646 Glossary IDTV Improved-definiti
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648 Glossary kilobyte 1,024 (210 )
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650 Glossary linear luminance. The
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652 Glossary mother The metal discs
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654 Glossary also used in Canada, J
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656 Glossary PES Packetized element
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658 Glossary quantize To convert a
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660 Glossary RSDL Reverse-spiral du
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662 Glossary channels of embedded d
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664 Glossary SXGA A video graphics
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666 Glossary user data The data rec
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668 Glossary Yellow Book The docume
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670 application types, 460-461 appl
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672 capacity, 45, 433 audio, 373 CA
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674 computers applications, 444, 45
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676 Divx;-), 71 DMA (Direct Memory
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678 inverse telecine, 137 stills, 4
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680 mattes, 118 progressive scannin
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682 M Mac OS systems, 452 macrobloc
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684 discs, 557 frequency bands, 104
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686 aspect ratios, 129 line multipl
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688 software certification via THX,
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690 V VBR (variable bit rate), 98,
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