DVD Demystified

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Index clocks data clock, 228 DVD-R, 225 DVD-RAM, 228 Closed Captioning, 311 CLV (constant linear velocity), 228–229, 232 CMF (Cutting Master Format), 225 coatings for discs, 215–217 coaxial audio connectors, 405 code-free DVD players, 189 code-switchable DVD players, 189 codecs, 446, 457 MPEG-4 video, 81 collectability of DVDs, 175 Color Corrector, 197 color closed circuit TV, 20 difference, 93 movie film, 28 photographs, 27 TV, 30–31 videodiscs, 33 videotape recorders, 32 colorists, 499 combination players, 224, 404, 407 commentaries on movies, 468, 504 communications uses of DVD, 438–439 compatibility issues with DVD, 61, 149, 155 audio CD, 374 CD formats, 448 CD-I, 383 CD-ROM, 378 CD-RW, 82 double-density CD, 45 DVD-ROM, 383, 448 DVD+RW, 78 DVD-Video, 361, 365, 374 EDTV and standard systems, 34 laserdisc, 361 MMCD, 48 recordable formats, 84 Video CD, 383 component video connections, 409–410 signals, 530 composite video, 521 chroma crawl, 171 connections, 411 compression, 36, 90, 158, 172, 366, 373, 502, 561 aliasing, 170 artifacts, 171 audio, 500 banding, 171 blocks, 171 blurriness, 171 crawlies, 171 digital, 415 DVD, 494–495 edge enhancement, 171 halos, 171 JPEG, 527 lossy, 158 MPEG-2, 158, 530 noise, 171 posterization, 171 snow, 171 video, 499, 534 worms, 171 673
674 computers applications, 444, 452 A/V recorders, 146 copy protection, 204 DVD data recorders, 146 DVD-ROM, 167 DVI (Digital Visual Interface), 200 HDCP for DVI, 200 industry DVD specifications, 157 materials, 461 multimedia, 558 conditional access options, 476 conditional replenishment, 90 cones, 92 connectors, 400–402 consumer electronics region codes, 189 success of DVD, 167 content protection, 190–193 content synchronization, 475–476 contrast blocks, 171 ringing, 172 controls AGC, 196, 227 CLV rotation, 228 ColorStripe, 196 DVD features, 363 external, 349–350 focusing, 221 geographic DVD distribution, 187 prerecorded control area, 225 remote, region code switching, 189 RPC1, 190 user operations, 164 control information, 270 Index conversion artifacts, 170 Copy Control Authority, 339–340 copy protection, 53, 56–58, 204–205, 219, 226, 337–339, 481–482 copying video, 190–192, 197, 202 copyright issues and DVD, 52, 226, 237, 241 corporate A/V departments, 498 costs of DVD production, 493–494, 497–498 CPPM (Copy Protection for Prerecorded Media), 194, 488 CPRM (Content Protection for Recordable Media), 194–195, 489 CPSA (Content Protection System Architecture), 74, 192 CPTWG (Copy Protection Technical Working Group), 190 crawlies, 171 critical bands, 102 cross-platform options DVD, 157 scripting, 479 crosstalk, 170 CSS (Content Scrambling System), 192–196, 481, 503, 532, 536 authentication, 455, 481, 485–487 decryption, 484 encryption, 79 custom PC interfaces, 467 customization options, 164 D DACs (digital-analog converters), 354, 398, 404 damage to discs, 173, 181
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McGraw-Hill abc Copyright © 2001 b
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PRAISE FOR DVD DEMYSTIFIED It was o
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viii Contents The Referee Shows Up
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x DVD Myths 166 Myth: “DVD Is Rev
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xii Contents Closed Captions 311 Ca
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xiv Contents Advantages of SVCD ove
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xvi Contents DVD-Video Drivers 455
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xviii Contents Appendix A Quick Ref
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xx Foreword at the mall may in fact
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xxii Acknowledgments Technologies;
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2 Introduction Chapter 1 DVD is the
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4 players. DVD discs are produced w
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6 ing these information streams. An
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8 device that also can play movies.
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10 In addition to space for more da
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12 ■ Home productivity and “edu
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14 TABLE 1.1 Meanings of Prefixes S
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16 TABLE 1.2 Notations Used in This
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18 Chapter 1 chroma signals. Some D
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20 A Brief History of Audio Technol
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22 Chapter 2 Up to this point, soun
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24 version. Once available, with su
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26 Figure 2.3 Revolving picture toy
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28 Chapter 2 second, 6 with 16 fram
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30 Chapter 2 individual picture ele
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32 Figure 2.4 Tape head comparison
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34 1977, and the number grew rapidl
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36 Chapter 2 Philips, Thomson, and
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38 Figure 2.5 Punched card and opti
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40 Figure 2.7 The CD family tree Ch
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42 Chapter 2 In 1989, the CD-ROM
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44 Chapter 2 By this time, Sony and
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46 Figure 2.8 Timeline of DVD devel
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48 peripheral hardware manufacturer
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50 Chapter 2 that MMCD would be sta
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52 Figure 2.9 The DVD patent pie Pr
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54 DVD Consortium would be signed a
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56 Chapter 2 the delay. Again, more
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58 At about this time, the supposed
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60 Entertainment/Sony Wonder, MGM H
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62 Chapter 2 wait-and-see stance. S
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64 Chapter 2 Express, a company tha
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66 Chapter 2 about 87,000 Divx play
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68 Chapter 2 the Zoran software DVD
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70 Chapter 2 outside the country, i
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72 Chapter 2 eventually find its wa
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74 The Year of DVD Chapter 2 1999,
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76 specification. Not surprisingly,
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78 Chapter 2 to sell a million copi
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80 be considered illegal circumvent
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82 What they seemed unable or unwil
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84 Chapter 2 in 2000. Given the cut
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86 existed, even in countries where
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88 Introduction Chapter 3 This chap
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90 Chapter 3 Birds Over the Phone:
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92 Chapter 3 The human retina has t
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94 DVD uses YC bC r as its native s
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96 Figure 3.3 Block transforms and
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98 Chapter 3 encoders only create I
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100 Chapter 3 sense, MPEG is still
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102 Birds Revisited: Understanding
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104 audio compression takes a block
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106 The hierarchical structure of M
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108 The DTS Coherent Acoustics form
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110 Chapter 3 many things, most of
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112 Chapter 3 which ones are worth
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114 Chapter 3 copies can be made wi
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116 Figure 3.9 TV shape versus movi
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118 Figure 3.14 Soft matte filming
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120 original filming are maintained
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122 Figure 3.17a-o Aspect ratios, c
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124 Chapter 3 see the unchanged ana
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126 Figure 3.19 Expand (theater) mo
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128 Figure 3.20 Opening the frame f
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130 Figure 3.22 Display sizes at eq
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132 The Transfer Tango Chapter 3 Of
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134 TABLE 3.2 Combinations of Outpu
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136 Figure 3.24 Interlaced scan and
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138 called 3—2 pushup). There are
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140 Figure 3.27 Bob Chapter 3 also
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142 Chapter 3 artifacts than with i
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144 Introduction This chapter deals
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146 will have mostly merged with DV
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148 TABLE 4.2 DVD Specification Tim
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150 TABLE 4.4 Examples of Compatibi
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152 TABLE 4.4 Cont. Examples of Com
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154 New Wine in Old Bottles: DVD on
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TABLE 4.5 DVD Multi Compatibility D
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158 Chapter 4 The following section
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160 Most DVD players allow the owne
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162 select alternate sequences so t
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164 Customization As mentioned, DVD
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166 dedicated or obsessed professio
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168 Myth: “DVD Is a Worldwide Sta
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170 Myth: “DVD Is Better Because
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172 Myth: “Compression Does Not W
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174 Myth: “The Audio Level from D
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176 to music channels such as MTV w
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178 Chapter 4 The probable genesis
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180 Figure 4.3 Number squares Chapt
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182 Figure 4.4 DVD layers Chapter 4
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184 TABLE 4.7 Physical Format Varia
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186 TABLE 4.8 DVD Hybrids Chapter 4
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188 Figure 4.6 Map of DVD regions.
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190 producers will play fine in the
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192 Chapter 4 back encrypted conten
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194 Chapter 4 DVD-Audio content may
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196 Chapter 4 Computer video cards
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198 Chapter 4 48 kHz sampling frequ
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200 Chapter 4 IBM, and NEC. The res
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202 Figure 4.8 Scope of copy protec
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204 playback device that is sanctio
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206 TABLE 4.10 DVD Patent Licensing
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208 royalties also may be owed to D
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212 Introduction Chapter 5 This cha
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214 TABLE 5.1 cont. Physical Charac
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216 Figure 5.2 Mastering and stampi
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218 2. Two layers on one side a. St
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220 Figure 5.4 Burst cutting area B
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222 Chapter 5 DVDs are quite stable
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224 TABLE 5.3 Compatibility of Writ
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226 Chapter 5 Since sectors are alr
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228 and the land area. DVD-RW capac
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230 Chapter 5 DVD-RAM is the best s
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232 Figure 5.6 DVD cartridges DVD+R
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234 Figure 5.7 Phase-change recordi
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236 TABLE 5.6 Comparison of Physica
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238 TABLE 5.7 Data Storage Characte
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240 Figure 5.9 ECC block and record
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242 units from an ECC block. This p
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244 Figure 5.13 Recording data stru
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246 TABLE 5.8 cont. Contents of Lea
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250 Introduction Chapter 6 The DVD-
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252 TABLE 6.1 Stream Data Rates Fig
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254 Figure 6.3 Data rate versus pla
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256 Figure 6.4 DVD-Video and DVD- A
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258 Figure 6.6 DVD-Video player blo
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260 directional arrow keys for sele
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262 Figure 6.9 DVD-Video physical d
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264 Figure 6.13 Cell structure Figu
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266 Figure 6.15 Pack structure Figu
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268 TABLE 6.9 Spaces Space Scope Nu
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270 Figure 6.17 Presentation data s
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272 Figure 6.20 Title structures Fi
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274 Figure 6.23 Navigation data str
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276 TABLE 6.12 Search Types Chapter
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278 TABLE 6.13 cont. Navigation Com
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280 TABLE 6.15 Player System Parame
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282 domains with related navigation
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284 Buttons Chapter 6 Information t
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286 Stills are a handy way to show
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288 TABLE 6.18 User Operation Contr
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290 TABLE 6.20 Differences between
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292 Chapter 6 Scanning and Frame Ra
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294 TABLE 6.22 DVD-Video Pixel Aspe
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296 TABLE 6.24 Widescreen Signaling
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298 Figure 6.27 Weighted pan and sc
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300 Figure 6.29 Video block diagram
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302 TABLE 6.28 Dolby Digital Audio
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304 TABLE 6.29 MPEG Audio Details S
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306 TABLE 6.32 DTS Audio Details Ch
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308 Figure 6.30 Dolby Digital audio
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310 Figure 6.32 Subpicture unit str
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312 Figure 6.33 Examples of camera
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314 Figure 6.34 Example of seamless
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316 Figure 6.35 DVD text data examp
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318 TABLE 6.37 cont. DVD Text Data
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320 TABLE 6.38 Comparison of Audio
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322 Figure 6.36 DVD-Audio logical s
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324 Navigation Because DVD-Audio-on
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326 TABLE 6.42 DVD-Audio Playing Ti
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328 Downmixing DVD-Audio includes s
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330 the standard 1.2mm distance fro
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332 DVD-AR The DVD Audio Recording
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336 Introduction DVD-ROM is a well-
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338 Chapter 7 by 18 percent. Regard
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340 countries using the PAL or simi
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342 Playback Incompatibilities Chap
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344 the soundtrack across jumps, su
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346 Deficient Pan and Scan DVD uses
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348 screens one at a time. Finally,
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350 improve, but many applications
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352 Chapter 7 consumer electronics,
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354 Introduction This chapter compa
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356 TABLE 8.1 Laserdisc and DVD-Vid
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358 Chapter 8 even though it is hea
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360 Laserdiscs have one advantage o
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362 TABLE 8.2 VHS and DVD- Video Sp
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364 provide better-than-CD audio. T
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366 Chapter 8 Digital Videotape (DV
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368 TABLE 8.3 cont. DV and DVD-Vide
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370 Advantages of DV over DVD-Video
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372 TABLE 8.4 Audio CD and DVD-Vide
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374 Advantages of Audio CD over DVD
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376 Chapter 8 so quickly after firs
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378 mark checking), added complexit
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380 TABLE 8.6 cont. Video CD, Super
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382 5.1-channel surround sound in D
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384 Recording Standards in Septembe
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386 Compatibility of CD-R and DVD A
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388 been added to the catalog since
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390 Advantages of MiniDisc over DVD
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392 to heat damage. DVD error corre
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394 Support. MO technology is suppo
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396 Introduction The primary focus
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398 Table 9.1 cont. Checklist of Pl
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400 ■ Six-channel analog surround
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402 Figure 9.6 IEEE 1394 connector
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404 Chapter 9 receiver or as a sepa
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406 Chapter 9 audio output from the
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408 A Bit About Bass Chapter 9 The
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410 Chapter 9 Two versions of compo
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412 How to Get the Best Picture and
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414 THX Certification Lucasfilm THX
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416 preserved along with the artist
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418 Care and Feeding of Discs Since
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420 To Buy or Not to Buy This secti
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422 ■ Compatibility with the futu
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424 player, you may want to pop the
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426 Chapter 9 2g. You ought to get
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428 Chapter 9 5a. Do you buy used v
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430 14. Does your VCR ever eat tape
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432 Introduction The effectiveness
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434 did to the print industry. Vide
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436 ■ Ambient video and music ■
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438 Product catalogs with thousands
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440 DVD-Video works so well for cer
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442 Chapter 10 Documentaries, histo
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444 Introduction The wall dividing
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446 compatibility and interoperabil
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448 device. It can be considered si
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450 TABLE 11.2 DVD ATAPI/SCSI Inter
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452 Mac OS Almost any Macintosh com
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454 approach is to use the minimum
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456 Chapter 11 essential. Some oper
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458 Chapter 11 hardware abstraction
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460 on). On modern graphics cards w
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462 databases of supplemental infor
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464 Chapter 11 does not use anythin
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466 Chapter 11 in the drive), and f
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468 Chapter 11 organize and present
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470 Chapter 11 The continuum of Web
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472 Chapter 11 children to grandmot
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474 Chapter 11 Making and Accessing
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476 Chapter 11 In this example, an
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478 Point presentations, PCFriendly
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480 Large libraries of video that c
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482 Chapter 11 and in the control a
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484 Chapter 11 independent. The dec
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486 They are responsible for mainta
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488 Content Protection for Prerecor
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490 reads the media key block from
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492 Chapter 11 up to five times. Af
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494 Introduction Chapter 12 This ch
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496 TABLE 12.1 Project examples Pro
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498 Chapter 12 goes wrong. On the d
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500 ■ An audio compressionist mus
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502 have tools for testing and may
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504 Regardless of the number of reg
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506 Project Design Chapter 12 The p
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508 ments provide a roadmap to be u
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510 Figure 12.2 Menu subpicture hig
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512 ■ Buttons are subpictures, an
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514 Always enable navigation with o
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516 Figure 12.5 Data rate vs. capac
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518 age data rate (in Mbps). Adjust
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520 Chapter 12 quality conversion i
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522 If at all possible, do not use
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524 Chapter 12 with a proper 5.1 mi
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526 Chapter 12 Subpictures for Anam
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528 Chapter 12 don’t mesh in NTSC
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530 Figure 12.6 Video safe areas Ch
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532 TABLE 12.6 Video graphics check
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534 usually turn around and write t
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536 Chapter 12 integrity. Be carefu
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538 Figure 12.7 Standard package ic
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540 ■ Entry points (chapters, pro
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542 billions of bytes and gigabytes
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546 Introduction Chapter 13 In the
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548 Figure 13.1 Consumer electronic
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550 Chapter 13 Total consumer elect
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552 New Generations of DVD The deve
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554 Chapter 13 are still under deve
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556 display. Video edition applicat
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558 None of these, however, is the
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560 high-priced specialty items, wh
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562 Chapter 13 most quality into th
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564 Figure 13.3 Media convergence i
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566 Chapter 13 poor picture quality
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570 Figure A.3 Data rate versus cap
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572 TABLE A.2 DVD Capacities Sides/
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574 TABLE A.3 Playing Times for Var
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576 TABLE A.5 Stream Data Rates TAB
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578 TABLE A.7 DVD and CD Characteri
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580 TABLE A.8 Comparison of MMCD, S
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582 TABLE A.11 DVD-Video Logical Un
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584 TABLE A.15 PCM Audio Details TA
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586 TABLE A.18 cont. Player System
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588 TABLE A.19 Video resolution VHS
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590 TABLE A.20 Resolution Compariso
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592 TABLE A.22 Player and Media Com
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594 TABLE A.24 ISO 639 Language Cod
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596 TABLE A.24 cont. ISO 639 Langua
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602 TABLE A.25 cont. ISO 3116 Count
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612 and file structure of write-onc
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614 Digital audio interface: —IEC
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616 Watkinson, John. The Art of Dig
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618 Patent Licensing (Dolby Digital
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620 Dataquest Market research www.d
Page 647 and 648: 622 Magazines Digital Video Magazin
Page 649 and 650: 624 European Computer Manufacturers
Page 651 and 652: 626 Electronic Industries Associati
Page 653 and 654: 628 Glossary 480i 480 lines of inte
Page 655 and 656: 630 Glossary ATAPI Advanced Technol
Page 657 and 658: 632 Glossary and they do not propag
Page 659 and 660: 634 Glossary mines if the other sid
Page 661 and 662: 636 Glossary pression removes only
Page 663 and 664: 638 Glossary delta picture (or delt
Page 665 and 666: 640 Glossary DTS Digital Theater So
Page 667 and 668: 642 Glossary nal film. Enhancement,
Page 669 and 670: 644 Glossary frame The piece of a v
Page 671 and 672: 646 Glossary IDTV Improved-definiti
Page 673 and 674: 648 Glossary kilobyte 1,024 (210 )
Page 675 and 676: 650 Glossary linear luminance. The
Page 677 and 678: 652 Glossary mother The metal discs
Page 679 and 680: 654 Glossary also used in Canada, J
Page 681 and 682: 656 Glossary PES Packetized element
Page 683 and 684: 658 Glossary quantize To convert a
Page 685 and 686: 660 Glossary RSDL Reverse-spiral du
Page 687 and 688: 662 Glossary channels of embedded d
Page 689 and 690: 664 Glossary SXGA A video graphics
Page 691 and 692: 666 Glossary user data The data rec
Page 693 and 694: 668 Glossary Yellow Book The docume
Page 695 and 696: 670 application types, 460-461 appl
Page 697: 672 capacity, 45, 433 audio, 373 CA
Page 701 and 702: 676 Divx;-), 71 DMA (Direct Memory
Page 703 and 704: 678 inverse telecine, 137 stills, 4
Page 705 and 706: 680 mattes, 118 progressive scannin
Page 707 and 708: 682 M Mac OS systems, 452 macrobloc
Page 709 and 710: 684 discs, 557 frequency bands, 104
Page 711 and 712: 686 aspect ratios, 129 line multipl
Page 713 and 714: 688 software certification via THX,
Page 715 and 716: 690 V VBR (variable bit rate), 98,
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