DVD Demystified

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DVD on Computers TABLE 11.4 Target Platform for Software DVD- Video Playback lion computers in the U.S. were capable of playing MPEG-1 video. DVD- Video player software is usually bundled with a DVD-ROM computer or a DVD-ROM upgrade kit. DVD-Video Drivers Windows Mac OS CPU Pentium II G3 Minimum speed 350 MHz 300 MHz Recommended speed 400 MHz 350 MHz Memory 16 to 32 MB SDRAM 16 MB Video bus AGP or PCI AGP or PCI Minimum video memory 2 MB 2 MB Bus PCI or PCI/ISA PCI 455 Drive controller ATAPI (SFF 8090) IDE/SCSI, Built-in SCSI bus master DMA, and (SFF 8090) or IDE 12 Mbps min. Audio AC ‘97 chipset, 48 kHz Standard built-in Software Audio/video decoder, Apple DVD Video player DVD-Video navigator Decoder driver software is required for video and audio, along with specialized DVD I/O, such as for CSS authentication. A complication is that the multimedia content of DVD is streaming data. Unlike traditional computer data, which can be read into memory in its entirety or in small chunks, audio and video data is continuous and time-critical. In the case of DVD, a constant stream of data must be fed from the DVD-ROM; split into separate streams; fed to decryptors, decoders, and other processors; combined with graphics and other computer-generated video; possibly combined with computer-generated audio; and then fed to the video display and audio hardware. This data stream, which can be monstrous when decompressed, may pass through the CPU and the bus many times on its trip from the disc to the display and the speakers. In order to make this process as efficient as possible, optimized low-level operating support is
456 Chapter 11 essential. Some operating systems such as Apple’s MacOS with QuickTime already support streaming data. Others, such as Microsoft Windows, only support streaming data properly in the newer versions that include Direct- Show. Microsoft Windows Architecture Microsoft did not use its aging MCI interface to support DVD-Video, but they instead moved to the DirectShow architecture and streaming class drivers based on the Win32 Driver Model (WDM). DirectShow is the streaming multimedia component of DirectX, the core audio/video technology set for Windows. Direct- Show provides standardized compatibility and an abstraction from the underlying decoders. A developer who writes a DVD application using the DirectShow API does not need to worry whether the system uses a hardware decoder or a software decoder because the interface is the same. DirectShow is essentially a virtual machine that handles hardware/software decoding, WDM drivers, demultiplexing, DVD navigation, hardware acceleration, video overlay, colorkey, VPE, CSS, APS, regional management, and so on. The WDM streaming class driver interconnects device drivers to handle multiple data streams. The driver handles issues such as synchronization, direct memory access (DMA), internal and external bus access, and separate bus paths (such as sending the video display data over a specialized channel to avoid overwhelming the system bus). Microsoft has implemented a generic design that enables hardware manufacturers to develop a single minidriver to interface their component to the WDM streaming class driver. For example, an MPEG-2 video decoder card maker, a Dolby Digital audio decoder card vendor, or an IEEE 1394/FireWire interface card developer each have to write only one minidriver that conforms to a single driver model in order to operate with each other (see Figure 11.1). Software decoders are implemented as DirectShow filters, which are code components designed according to the DirectShow COM API. Full support for DVD-Video is available in Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium, and newer operating systems. DVD- Video support is also built in to DirectShow, which can be installed on Windows 95 and is included in newer versions of Windows. Microsoft DirectShow is not available for Windows NT 4.0, so no OS-level support exists for DVD-Video. Some third-party applications are also available for playing DVD-Video in Windows NT 4.0. Windows does not include an MPEG-2 or Dolby Digital decoder. These must be provided by third parties. Almost all Windows PCs with a DVD- ROM drive include a full DVD player and decoder package. Early on, many TEAMFLY
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McGraw-Hill abc Copyright © 2001 b
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PRAISE FOR DVD DEMYSTIFIED It was o
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viii Contents The Referee Shows Up
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x DVD Myths 166 Myth: “DVD Is Rev
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xii Contents Closed Captions 311 Ca
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xiv Contents Advantages of SVCD ove
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xvi Contents DVD-Video Drivers 455
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xviii Contents Appendix A Quick Ref
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xx Foreword at the mall may in fact
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xxii Acknowledgments Technologies;
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2 Introduction Chapter 1 DVD is the
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4 players. DVD discs are produced w
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6 ing these information streams. An
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8 device that also can play movies.
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10 In addition to space for more da
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12 ■ Home productivity and “edu
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14 TABLE 1.1 Meanings of Prefixes S
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16 TABLE 1.2 Notations Used in This
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18 Chapter 1 chroma signals. Some D
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20 A Brief History of Audio Technol
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22 Chapter 2 Up to this point, soun
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24 version. Once available, with su
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26 Figure 2.3 Revolving picture toy
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28 Chapter 2 second, 6 with 16 fram
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30 Chapter 2 individual picture ele
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32 Figure 2.4 Tape head comparison
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34 1977, and the number grew rapidl
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36 Chapter 2 Philips, Thomson, and
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38 Figure 2.5 Punched card and opti
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40 Figure 2.7 The CD family tree Ch
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42 Chapter 2 In 1989, the CD-ROM
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44 Chapter 2 By this time, Sony and
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46 Figure 2.8 Timeline of DVD devel
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48 peripheral hardware manufacturer
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50 Chapter 2 that MMCD would be sta
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52 Figure 2.9 The DVD patent pie Pr
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54 DVD Consortium would be signed a
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56 Chapter 2 the delay. Again, more
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58 At about this time, the supposed
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60 Entertainment/Sony Wonder, MGM H
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62 Chapter 2 wait-and-see stance. S
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64 Chapter 2 Express, a company tha
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66 Chapter 2 about 87,000 Divx play
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68 Chapter 2 the Zoran software DVD
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70 Chapter 2 outside the country, i
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72 Chapter 2 eventually find its wa
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74 The Year of DVD Chapter 2 1999,
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76 specification. Not surprisingly,
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78 Chapter 2 to sell a million copi
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80 be considered illegal circumvent
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82 What they seemed unable or unwil
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84 Chapter 2 in 2000. Given the cut
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86 existed, even in countries where
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88 Introduction Chapter 3 This chap
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90 Chapter 3 Birds Over the Phone:
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92 Chapter 3 The human retina has t
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94 DVD uses YC bC r as its native s
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96 Figure 3.3 Block transforms and
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98 Chapter 3 encoders only create I
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100 Chapter 3 sense, MPEG is still
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102 Birds Revisited: Understanding
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104 audio compression takes a block
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106 The hierarchical structure of M
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108 The DTS Coherent Acoustics form
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110 Chapter 3 many things, most of
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112 Chapter 3 which ones are worth
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114 Chapter 3 copies can be made wi
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116 Figure 3.9 TV shape versus movi
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118 Figure 3.14 Soft matte filming
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120 original filming are maintained
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122 Figure 3.17a-o Aspect ratios, c
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124 Chapter 3 see the unchanged ana
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126 Figure 3.19 Expand (theater) mo
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128 Figure 3.20 Opening the frame f
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130 Figure 3.22 Display sizes at eq
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132 The Transfer Tango Chapter 3 Of
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134 TABLE 3.2 Combinations of Outpu
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136 Figure 3.24 Interlaced scan and
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138 called 3—2 pushup). There are
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140 Figure 3.27 Bob Chapter 3 also
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142 Chapter 3 artifacts than with i
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144 Introduction This chapter deals
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146 will have mostly merged with DV
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148 TABLE 4.2 DVD Specification Tim
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150 TABLE 4.4 Examples of Compatibi
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152 TABLE 4.4 Cont. Examples of Com
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154 New Wine in Old Bottles: DVD on
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TABLE 4.5 DVD Multi Compatibility D
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158 Chapter 4 The following section
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160 Most DVD players allow the owne
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162 select alternate sequences so t
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164 Customization As mentioned, DVD
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166 dedicated or obsessed professio
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168 Myth: “DVD Is a Worldwide Sta
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170 Myth: “DVD Is Better Because
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172 Myth: “Compression Does Not W
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174 Myth: “The Audio Level from D
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176 to music channels such as MTV w
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178 Chapter 4 The probable genesis
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180 Figure 4.3 Number squares Chapt
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182 Figure 4.4 DVD layers Chapter 4
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184 TABLE 4.7 Physical Format Varia
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186 TABLE 4.8 DVD Hybrids Chapter 4
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188 Figure 4.6 Map of DVD regions.
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190 producers will play fine in the
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192 Chapter 4 back encrypted conten
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194 Chapter 4 DVD-Audio content may
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196 Chapter 4 Computer video cards
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198 Chapter 4 48 kHz sampling frequ
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200 Chapter 4 IBM, and NEC. The res
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202 Figure 4.8 Scope of copy protec
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204 playback device that is sanctio
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206 TABLE 4.10 DVD Patent Licensing
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208 royalties also may be owed to D
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212 Introduction Chapter 5 This cha
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214 TABLE 5.1 cont. Physical Charac
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216 Figure 5.2 Mastering and stampi
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218 2. Two layers on one side a. St
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220 Figure 5.4 Burst cutting area B
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222 Chapter 5 DVDs are quite stable
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224 TABLE 5.3 Compatibility of Writ
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226 Chapter 5 Since sectors are alr
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228 and the land area. DVD-RW capac
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230 Chapter 5 DVD-RAM is the best s
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232 Figure 5.6 DVD cartridges DVD+R
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234 Figure 5.7 Phase-change recordi
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236 TABLE 5.6 Comparison of Physica
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238 TABLE 5.7 Data Storage Characte
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240 Figure 5.9 ECC block and record
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242 units from an ECC block. This p
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244 Figure 5.13 Recording data stru
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246 TABLE 5.8 cont. Contents of Lea
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250 Introduction Chapter 6 The DVD-
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252 TABLE 6.1 Stream Data Rates Fig
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254 Figure 6.3 Data rate versus pla
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256 Figure 6.4 DVD-Video and DVD- A
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258 Figure 6.6 DVD-Video player blo
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260 directional arrow keys for sele
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262 Figure 6.9 DVD-Video physical d
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264 Figure 6.13 Cell structure Figu
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266 Figure 6.15 Pack structure Figu
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268 TABLE 6.9 Spaces Space Scope Nu
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270 Figure 6.17 Presentation data s
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272 Figure 6.20 Title structures Fi
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274 Figure 6.23 Navigation data str
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276 TABLE 6.12 Search Types Chapter
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278 TABLE 6.13 cont. Navigation Com
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280 TABLE 6.15 Player System Parame
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282 domains with related navigation
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284 Buttons Chapter 6 Information t
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286 Stills are a handy way to show
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288 TABLE 6.18 User Operation Contr
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290 TABLE 6.20 Differences between
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292 Chapter 6 Scanning and Frame Ra
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294 TABLE 6.22 DVD-Video Pixel Aspe
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296 TABLE 6.24 Widescreen Signaling
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298 Figure 6.27 Weighted pan and sc
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300 Figure 6.29 Video block diagram
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302 TABLE 6.28 Dolby Digital Audio
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304 TABLE 6.29 MPEG Audio Details S
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306 TABLE 6.32 DTS Audio Details Ch
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308 Figure 6.30 Dolby Digital audio
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310 Figure 6.32 Subpicture unit str
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312 Figure 6.33 Examples of camera
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314 Figure 6.34 Example of seamless
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316 Figure 6.35 DVD text data examp
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318 TABLE 6.37 cont. DVD Text Data
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320 TABLE 6.38 Comparison of Audio
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322 Figure 6.36 DVD-Audio logical s
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324 Navigation Because DVD-Audio-on
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326 TABLE 6.42 DVD-Audio Playing Ti
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328 Downmixing DVD-Audio includes s
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330 the standard 1.2mm distance fro
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332 DVD-AR The DVD Audio Recording
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336 Introduction DVD-ROM is a well-
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338 Chapter 7 by 18 percent. Regard
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340 countries using the PAL or simi
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342 Playback Incompatibilities Chap
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344 the soundtrack across jumps, su
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346 Deficient Pan and Scan DVD uses
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348 screens one at a time. Finally,
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350 improve, but many applications
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352 Chapter 7 consumer electronics,
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354 Introduction This chapter compa
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356 TABLE 8.1 Laserdisc and DVD-Vid
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358 Chapter 8 even though it is hea
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360 Laserdiscs have one advantage o
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362 TABLE 8.2 VHS and DVD- Video Sp
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364 provide better-than-CD audio. T
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366 Chapter 8 Digital Videotape (DV
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368 TABLE 8.3 cont. DV and DVD-Vide
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370 Advantages of DV over DVD-Video
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372 TABLE 8.4 Audio CD and DVD-Vide
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374 Advantages of Audio CD over DVD
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376 Chapter 8 so quickly after firs
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378 mark checking), added complexit
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380 TABLE 8.6 cont. Video CD, Super
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382 5.1-channel surround sound in D
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384 Recording Standards in Septembe
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386 Compatibility of CD-R and DVD A
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388 been added to the catalog since
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390 Advantages of MiniDisc over DVD
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392 to heat damage. DVD error corre
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394 Support. MO technology is suppo
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396 Introduction The primary focus
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398 Table 9.1 cont. Checklist of Pl
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400 ■ Six-channel analog surround
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402 Figure 9.6 IEEE 1394 connector
Page 429 and 430: 404 Chapter 9 receiver or as a sepa
Page 431 and 432: 406 Chapter 9 audio output from the
Page 433 and 434: 408 A Bit About Bass Chapter 9 The
Page 435 and 436: 410 Chapter 9 Two versions of compo
Page 437 and 438: 412 How to Get the Best Picture and
Page 439 and 440: 414 THX Certification Lucasfilm THX
Page 441 and 442: 416 preserved along with the artist
Page 443 and 444: 418 Care and Feeding of Discs Since
Page 445 and 446: 420 To Buy or Not to Buy This secti
Page 447 and 448: 422 ■ Compatibility with the futu
Page 449 and 450: 424 player, you may want to pop the
Page 451 and 452: 426 Chapter 9 2g. You ought to get
Page 453 and 454: 428 Chapter 9 5a. Do you buy used v
Page 455 and 456: 430 14. Does your VCR ever eat tape
Page 457 and 458: 432 Introduction The effectiveness
Page 459 and 460: 434 did to the print industry. Vide
Page 461 and 462: 436 ■ Ambient video and music ■
Page 463 and 464: 438 Product catalogs with thousands
Page 465 and 466: 440 DVD-Video works so well for cer
Page 467 and 468: 442 Chapter 10 Documentaries, histo
Page 469 and 470: 444 Introduction The wall dividing
Page 471 and 472: 446 compatibility and interoperabil
Page 473 and 474: 448 device. It can be considered si
Page 475 and 476: 450 TABLE 11.2 DVD ATAPI/SCSI Inter
Page 477 and 478: 452 Mac OS Almost any Macintosh com
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Page 483 and 484: 458 Chapter 11 hardware abstraction
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Page 487 and 488: 462 databases of supplemental infor
Page 489 and 490: 464 Chapter 11 does not use anythin
Page 491 and 492: 466 Chapter 11 in the drive), and f
Page 493 and 494: 468 Chapter 11 organize and present
Page 495 and 496: 470 Chapter 11 The continuum of Web
Page 497 and 498: 472 Chapter 11 children to grandmot
Page 499 and 500: 474 Chapter 11 Making and Accessing
Page 501 and 502: 476 Chapter 11 In this example, an
Page 503 and 504: 478 Point presentations, PCFriendly
Page 505 and 506: 480 Large libraries of video that c
Page 507 and 508: 482 Chapter 11 and in the control a
Page 509 and 510: 484 Chapter 11 independent. The dec
Page 511 and 512: 486 They are responsible for mainta
Page 513 and 514: 488 Content Protection for Prerecor
Page 515 and 516: 490 reads the media key block from
Page 517 and 518: 492 Chapter 11 up to five times. Af
Page 519 and 520: 494 Introduction Chapter 12 This ch
Page 521 and 522: 496 TABLE 12.1 Project examples Pro
Page 523 and 524: 498 Chapter 12 goes wrong. On the d
Page 525 and 526: 500 ■ An audio compressionist mus
Page 527 and 528: 502 have tools for testing and may
Page 529 and 530: 504 Regardless of the number of reg
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506 Project Design Chapter 12 The p
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508 ments provide a roadmap to be u
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510 Figure 12.2 Menu subpicture hig
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512 ■ Buttons are subpictures, an
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514 Always enable navigation with o
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516 Figure 12.5 Data rate vs. capac
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518 age data rate (in Mbps). Adjust
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520 Chapter 12 quality conversion i
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522 If at all possible, do not use
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524 Chapter 12 with a proper 5.1 mi
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526 Chapter 12 Subpictures for Anam
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528 Chapter 12 don’t mesh in NTSC
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530 Figure 12.6 Video safe areas Ch
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532 TABLE 12.6 Video graphics check
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534 usually turn around and write t
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536 Chapter 12 integrity. Be carefu
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538 Figure 12.7 Standard package ic
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540 ■ Entry points (chapters, pro
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542 billions of bytes and gigabytes
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546 Introduction Chapter 13 In the
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548 Figure 13.1 Consumer electronic
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550 Chapter 13 Total consumer elect
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552 New Generations of DVD The deve
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554 Chapter 13 are still under deve
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556 display. Video edition applicat
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558 None of these, however, is the
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560 high-priced specialty items, wh
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562 Chapter 13 most quality into th
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564 Figure 13.3 Media convergence i
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566 Chapter 13 poor picture quality
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570 Figure A.3 Data rate versus cap
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572 TABLE A.2 DVD Capacities Sides/
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574 TABLE A.3 Playing Times for Var
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576 TABLE A.5 Stream Data Rates TAB
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578 TABLE A.7 DVD and CD Characteri
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580 TABLE A.8 Comparison of MMCD, S
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582 TABLE A.11 DVD-Video Logical Un
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584 TABLE A.15 PCM Audio Details TA
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586 TABLE A.18 cont. Player System
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588 TABLE A.19 Video resolution VHS
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590 TABLE A.20 Resolution Compariso
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592 TABLE A.22 Player and Media Com
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594 TABLE A.24 ISO 639 Language Cod
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596 TABLE A.24 cont. ISO 639 Langua
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602 TABLE A.25 cont. ISO 3116 Count
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612 and file structure of write-onc
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614 Digital audio interface: —IEC
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616 Watkinson, John. The Art of Dig
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618 Patent Licensing (Dolby Digital
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620 Dataquest Market research www.d
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622 Magazines Digital Video Magazin
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624 European Computer Manufacturers
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626 Electronic Industries Associati
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628 Glossary 480i 480 lines of inte
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630 Glossary ATAPI Advanced Technol
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632 Glossary and they do not propag
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634 Glossary mines if the other sid
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636 Glossary pression removes only
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638 Glossary delta picture (or delt
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640 Glossary DTS Digital Theater So
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642 Glossary nal film. Enhancement,
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644 Glossary frame The piece of a v
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646 Glossary IDTV Improved-definiti
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648 Glossary kilobyte 1,024 (210 )
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650 Glossary linear luminance. The
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652 Glossary mother The metal discs
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654 Glossary also used in Canada, J
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656 Glossary PES Packetized element
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658 Glossary quantize To convert a
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660 Glossary RSDL Reverse-spiral du
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662 Glossary channels of embedded d
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664 Glossary SXGA A video graphics
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666 Glossary user data The data rec
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668 Glossary Yellow Book The docume
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670 application types, 460-461 appl
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672 capacity, 45, 433 audio, 373 CA
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674 computers applications, 444, 45
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676 Divx;-), 71 DMA (Direct Memory
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678 inverse telecine, 137 stills, 4
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680 mattes, 118 progressive scannin
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682 M Mac OS systems, 452 macrobloc
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684 discs, 557 frequency bands, 104
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686 aspect ratios, 129 line multipl
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688 software certification via THX,
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690 V VBR (variable bit rate), 98,
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DVD Demystified

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