3+4+Supplementum/2012 - Společnost pro pojivové tkáně
3+4+Supplementum/2012 - Společnost pro pojivové tkáně
3+4+Supplementum/2012 - Společnost pro pojivové tkáně
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SOuBORnÉ RefeRáTY � ReViewS<br />
POHYBOVá akTiViTa a SlOženÍ Těla<br />
PHYSiCal aCTiViTY and BOdY COMPOSiTiOn<br />
PařÍzkOVá J.<br />
Centrum <strong>pro</strong> diagnostiku a léčení obezity, Endokrinologický ústav,<br />
Praha 1, Národní 8., 116 94<br />
SuMMaRY<br />
Recent changes of lifestyle including inadequate nutrition, and reduced physical activity<br />
and work load have had a significant impact on somatic development – especially body<br />
adiposity along with functional capacity and motor abilities, especially in the growing<br />
organism. Inap<strong>pro</strong>priate relationship between energy intake and output has contributed<br />
to the increase of depot fat, and reduced also the development of desirable functional<br />
capacity – cardiorespiratory fitness, skill, endurance, muscle strength and others. This situation<br />
was revealed not only in school children, adolescents and adult subjects, but already<br />
in young, preschool age. Mentioned changes have further contributed to an increasing<br />
prevalence of overweight and obesity, which have concerned also young children and<br />
adolescents. Previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies revealed positive development<br />
in body composition and functional capacity, <strong>pro</strong>vided certain character, intensity,<br />
frequency and duration of physical activity was implemented. Such changes concerned all<br />
age categories, including also advanced age. Therefore, adequately increased physical activity<br />
and exercise contributed also to successful treatment and prevention of obesity, along<br />
with monitored diet; such a treatment was especially suitable during growth. - The results<br />
of experimental model showed significant positive changes of body composition, lipid<br />
metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal and heart muscles, etc. in laboratory animals adapted<br />
to an increased level of physical activity, especially in comparison with those adapted to<br />
life-long reduction of activity - which was always more marked during growth. Adaptation<br />
to increased exercise manifested as delayed positive effects of lipid metabolism, microstructure<br />
and resistance of the heart etc. in adult offspring of pregnant mothers exercised<br />
during pregnancy.<br />
key words: Physical activity – body composition – secular changes – motor abilities –<br />
adiposity – children<br />
POHYBOVÉ ÚSTROJÍ, ročník 19, <strong>2012</strong>, č. 3+4 205
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