2009 Report to Government on National Research and

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Other Documents Note: All documents are available on the website of any organisation listed, unless otherwise stated. Abraitis PK, Livens FR, Monteith JE, Small JS, Trivedi DP, Vaughan DJ & Wogelius, RA, 2000. The kinetics and mechanisms of simulated British Magnox waste glass dissolution as a function of pH, silicic acid activity and time in low temperature aqueous systems. Applied Geochem. 15 1399-1416. Aviam O, Bar-Nes G, Zeiri Y, Sivan A, 2004, Accelerated biodegradation of cement by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as a bioassay for evaluating immobilization of low-level radioactive waste. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70 [10], 6031-6036. British Geological Survey, <strong>2009</strong>. Strategy <strong>2009</strong>-2014. Brown GE, et al., 2007. Recent advances in surface, interface, and environmental geochemistry. Proc. 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) Water-Rock Interaction 1&2 3-11. Chardon ES, Livens FR, Vaughan DJ, 2006. Reactions of feldspar surfaces with aqueous solutions. Earth-Science Reviews 78 1-26. CNE, 2006. Rapport Global d’Evaluation des Recherches Conduit dans le Cadre de la Loi du 30 Septembre 1991. Cogent, 2008. Skills for Science Industries. Cogent, <strong>2009</strong>. Power People. The Civil Nuclear Workforce <strong>2009</strong>-2025. Defra & NDA, 2008a. The 2007 NDA Radioactive Waste Inven<strong>to</strong>ry. Main <strong>Report</strong>. Defra/RAS/08.002, NDA/RWMD/004. Defra & NDA, 2008b. Radioactive Materials not <strong>Report</strong>ed in the 2007 NDA Radioactive Waste Inven<strong>to</strong>ry. Defra/RAS/08.005, NDA/RWMD/007. DePaolo DJ and Orr FM, 2008. Geoscience Research for Our Energy Future, Physics Today 61 [8] 46-49. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Department for Business, Enterprise and Regula<strong>to</strong>ry Reform, Welsh Assembly <strong>Government</strong>, Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland), 2008. Managing Radioactive Waste Safely. A Framework for Implementing Geological Disposal. Cm 7386. Environment Agency, 2003. Radioactive Waste Disposal Safety Assessment, The Regula<strong>to</strong>r’s Approach 1987-1996. An Overview of the Work Undertaken by Her Majesty’s Inspec<strong>to</strong>rate of Pollution. Environment Agency R&D report P3-010/TR. (Available on CD-ROM only.) Environment Agency, 2005. Feasibility and Implications of Reworking of Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Packages. Science <strong>Report</strong> Sc040067. (See also Science Summary SCHO0905BIPQ-E-P.) Environment Agency, 2008. The Longevity of Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Packages for Geological Disposal: A Review. NWAT report NWAT/Nirex/06/003. Environment Agency and Northern Ireland Environment Agency, <strong>2009</strong>. Geological Disposal Facilities on Land for Solid Radioactive Wastes. Guidance on Requirements for Authorisation. CoRWM Document 2543, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>2009</strong> Page 128 of 151
EPSRC, <strong>2009</strong>. Grants on the Web. http://gow.epsrc.ac.uk/ EPS International, 2007. <strong>Report</strong> on Deep Explora<strong>to</strong>ry Borehole Drilling <strong>Report</strong> EPS/EBD/1, August 2007. Ewing RC and Macfarlane A, (Edi<strong>to</strong>rs), 2006. Uncertainty Underground: Yucca Mountain and the Nations High Level Nuclear Waste. MIT Press. Flocard, H, 2006. CNRS contribution <strong>to</strong> the French nuclear energy programme. Journées GEDEPEON-JAEA 27-28/11/06. (PowerPoint presentation). Gaona X, Mon<strong>to</strong>ya V, Colas E, Grive M, Duro L, 2008. Review of the complexation of tetravalent actinides by ISA and gluconate under alkaline <strong>to</strong> hyperalkaline conditions. J. of Contaminant Hydrology 102 217-227. Geisler T, Pöml PA, Soman A, Menneken M, Plümper O, Schepers A, Scheiter D & Niedermeier DRD, 2007. Evaluation of the long-term performance of potential nuclear waste form materials. Frontiers in Mineral Sciences 2007, Programme and Abstracts, 197-198. Gibb FGF, McTaggart NA, Travis KP, Burley D, & Hesketh KW, 2008. High-density support matrices: key <strong>to</strong> the deep borehole disposal of spent nuclear fuel. J. Nucl. Materials 374 370-377. Glaus MA, Van Loon LR, 2008. Degradation of cellulose under alkaline conditions: New insights from a 12 years degradation study. Environmental Science & Technology 42 2906-2911. Grambow, B, 2006. Nuclear waste glasses—How durable? Elements 2 357–364. Health and Safety Executive, <strong>2009</strong>a. HSE Nuclear Safety Research Strategy <strong>2009</strong>. Health and Safety Executive, <strong>2009</strong>b. Nuclear Direc<strong>to</strong>rate Research Strategy for Waste and Decommissioning Research <strong>2009</strong>. Health and Safety Executive, <strong>2009</strong>c. Nuclear Newsletter Issue 44. Health and Safety Executive, Nuclear Installations Inspec<strong>to</strong>rate, 2002, Nuclear Education and Research in British Universities. (First issued in 2000, revised 2002). Health Protection Agency, <strong>2009</strong>. Radiological Protection Objectives for the Land-Based Disposal of Solid Radioactive Wastes. Documents of the Health Protection Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, RCE-8. Hicks, TW & Green TH, 1999. A Review of the Treatment of Criticality in Post-Closure Safety Assessment of Radioactive Waste Disposal. Environment Agency R&D Technical <strong>Report</strong> P222. Hoskin, P.W.O. & Burns, P.C, 2003. Ion exchange between aqueous fluid and spent nuclear fuel alteration products: Implications for the mobility of Cs in the probable reposi<strong>to</strong>ry at Yucca Mountain. Mineralogical Magazine 67 689–696. Intellisci, 2008. Geochemistry and Site Investigation Flow Diagrams for GeoCORE, March 2008. King SJ, Warwick P, Hall A, Bryan ND, 2001. The dissociation kinetics of dissolved metal-humate complexes. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 3 2080-2085. CoRWM Document 2543, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>2009</strong> Page 129 of 151
Page 1 and 2:
Committee on Radioactive Waste Mana
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Finland ...........................
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Geosphere Characterisation ........
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. CoRWM’s remi
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odies would need to</strong
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disseminate and assimilate its resu
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1.3 CoRWM’s Work Programme for 20
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1.11 The R&D requirements for the l
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2. ESTABLISHING R&D REQUIREMENTS Wh
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adioactive waste management facilit
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should mitigate the risks of findin
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there is no unwarranted repetition
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safety case development, the overal
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Table 1. Approximate annual levels
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Figure 1. Structure of UK R&D provi
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NDA R&D for Geological Disposal 3.1
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3.27 The purpose of NNL can be summ
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identified the research required an
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submitted to RCEP
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Box 1. Research Council Funded Univ
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3.62 BGS is conducting three projec
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3.70 In the current FP7 programme (
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3.77 RCEP noted that there was a la
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sectors: land disp
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eyond those that RWMD intends <stro
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Box 2. USDOE 2006 Workshop R&D Issu
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3.111 Fundamental and applied resea
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France 3.122 There are six major gr
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and in concert with Forpro is desig
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• encourage the transfer and pres
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comparison to othe
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4. R&D SKILLS TO SUPPORT THE MRWS P
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Figure 3. UK Nuclear Skills Map Sou
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ensure the availability of a skille
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which is longer than the competitio
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Box 4. Postgraduate University Prov
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4.30 The NDA also operates a gradua
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for NDA to acquire
Page 77 and 78: Retention of Skills 4.48 It has bee
Page 79 and 80: 5. INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED FOR R&D
Page 81 and 82: purchase of equipment. In addition,
Page 83 and 84: 5.23 The Pacific Northwest National
Page 85 and 86: 5.35 The range of possible function
Page 87 and 88: 5.40 Early in 2009
Page 89 and 90: 6. SOME R&D ISSUES 6.1 R&D carried
Page 91 and 92: interactions, the impact of highly
Page 93 and 94: 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 95 and 96: 7.11 CoRWM has found that responsib
Page 97 and 98: and Appendix A is only intended <st
Page 99 and 100: Current and Planned R&D for ILW A.5
Page 101 and 102: wasteform integrity at end of s<str
Page 103 and 104: Magnox Fuel A.20 Magnox fuel consis
Page 105 and 106: capability exists in the UK for doi
Page 107 and 108: purpose-built building. The former
Page 109 and 110: pending a decision on its long-term
Page 111 and 112: through all these. The nature of th
Page 113 and 114: Box 7. Radionuclide Speciation Many
Page 115 and 116: could mix with the bulk hydrogen ga
Page 117 and 118: than that for uranium-235. Likewise
Page 119 and 120: near-field of the part containing t
Page 121 and 122: • Long-term stability and perform
Page 123 and 124: few millimetres to
Page 125 and 126: environment, all with the character
Page 127: Number Title 2500 Interim S
Page 131 and 132: Nuclear Decommissioning Authority,
Page 133 and 134: Skomurski FN, Ewing RC, Rohl AL, Ga
Page 135 and 136: Co-location Disposal of “high lev
Page 137 and 138: Geosphere Solid portion of the eart
Page 139 and 140: Packaging Placing waste int
Page 141 and 142: Stillage A metal frame used <strong
Page 143 and 144: BNGSL British Nuclear Group Sellafi
Page 145 and 146: FP Framework Programme (of the Euro
Page 147 and 148: MOX mixed oxide fuel (contains uran
Page 149 and 150: RS Royal Society RSC Royal Society
Page 151: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Leadership in the
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2009 Report to Government on National Research and

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