2009 Report to Government on National Research and

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• a shortage of skilled manpower in the UK that could affect the defence, nuclear power and health sec<strong>to</strong>rs and have serious implications for the long-term management of radioactive wastes; • a projected requirement for 15,000 <strong>to</strong> 19,000 trained personnel <strong>to</strong> be recruited <strong>to</strong> the nuclear sec<strong>to</strong>r by around 2017; • a nuclear industry that has become heavily dependent on generic provision, i.e. recruitment of good quality graduates from non-nuclear specific degree courses; • a fragile specialised post-graduate training sec<strong>to</strong>r in the nuclear area; • a <strong>to</strong>p priority of increasing vocational and technical skills, with a recommendation <strong>to</strong> quadruple the number of apprentices by 2013. 4.7 The most recent report, a more detailed analysis by Cogent (Cogent, <strong>2009</strong>), forecasts a skills gap of up <strong>to</strong> 14,000 by 2025, which equates <strong>to</strong> a need for 1,000 new recruits a year, with the main drivers being: • an ageing workforce that retires earlier than the UK workforce in general • a shift in skills from electricity generation <strong>to</strong> decommissioning • a demand for skills <strong>to</strong> operate a new batch of nuclear power stations. 4.8 It is clear from all of these reports that the situation had declined <strong>to</strong> the point of grave concern and, although this has been recognised and measures begun <strong>to</strong> address it, arrangements are not yet adequately rebuilt for the future. This is especially the case for the decommissioning and radioactive waste management programmes and there will be competition between these areas and the expected new build programme. Nuclear Skills - Training 4.9 Many bodies and organisations are involved in the provision of nuclear skills in the UK and the relationships between them are complex (Figure 3). 4.10 The current approach <strong>to</strong> training is based on a “skills pyramid” (Figure 4) in which the sizes of the sections approximate <strong>to</strong> the relative numbers required. In keeping with the main conclusions of a Cogent report (Cogent, 2008), most of the initial efforts were concentrated on the lower part of the skills pyramid. This emphasised the skills needed at these levels and demanded by employers but, with this being addressed, attention is now turning also <strong>to</strong> the upper areas of the pyramid. CoRWM Document 2543, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>2009</strong> Page 64 of 151
Figure 3. UK Nuclear Skills Map Source: DECC CoRWM Document 2543, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>2009</strong> Page 65 of 151
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Committee on Radioactive Waste Mana
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Finland ...........................
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Geosphere Characterisation ........
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. CoRWM’s remi
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odies would need to</strong
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disseminate and assimilate its resu
Page 13 and 14: 1.3 CoRWM’s Work Programme for 20
Page 15 and 16: 1.11 The R&D requirements for the l
Page 17 and 18: 2. ESTABLISHING R&D REQUIREMENTS Wh
Page 19 and 20: adioactive waste management facilit
Page 21 and 22: should mitigate the risks of findin
Page 23 and 24: there is no unwarranted repetition
Page 25 and 26: safety case development, the overal
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Approximate annual levels
Page 29 and 30: Figure 1. Structure of UK R&D provi
Page 31 and 32: NDA R&D for Geological Disposal 3.1
Page 33 and 34: 3.27 The purpose of NNL can be summ
Page 35 and 36: identified the research required an
Page 37 and 38: submitted to RCEP
Page 39 and 40: Box 1. Research Council Funded Univ
Page 41 and 42: 3.62 BGS is conducting three projec
Page 43 and 44: 3.70 In the current FP7 programme (
Page 45 and 46: 3.77 RCEP noted that there was a la
Page 47 and 48: sectors: land disp
Page 49 and 50: eyond those that RWMD intends <stro
Page 51 and 52: Box 2. USDOE 2006 Workshop R&D Issu
Page 53 and 54: 3.111 Fundamental and applied resea
Page 55 and 56: France 3.122 There are six major gr
Page 57 and 58: and in concert with Forpro is desig
Page 59 and 60: • encourage the transfer and pres
Page 61 and 62: comparison to othe
Page 63: 4. R&D SKILLS TO SUPPORT THE MRWS P
Page 67 and 68: ensure the availability of a skille
Page 69 and 70: which is longer than the competitio
Page 71 and 72: Box 4. Postgraduate University Prov
Page 73 and 74: 4.30 The NDA also operates a gradua
Page 75 and 76: for NDA to acquire
Page 77 and 78: Retention of Skills 4.48 It has bee
Page 79 and 80: 5. INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED FOR R&D
Page 81 and 82: purchase of equipment. In addition,
Page 83 and 84: 5.23 The Pacific Northwest National
Page 85 and 86: 5.35 The range of possible function
Page 87 and 88: 5.40 Early in 2009
Page 89 and 90: 6. SOME R&D ISSUES 6.1 R&D carried
Page 91 and 92: interactions, the impact of highly
Page 93 and 94: 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 95 and 96: 7.11 CoRWM has found that responsib
Page 97 and 98: and Appendix A is only intended <st
Page 99 and 100: Current and Planned R&D for ILW A.5
Page 101 and 102: wasteform integrity at end of s<str
Page 103 and 104: Magnox Fuel A.20 Magnox fuel consis
Page 105 and 106: capability exists in the UK for doi
Page 107 and 108: purpose-built building. The former
Page 109 and 110: pending a decision on its long-term
Page 111 and 112: through all these. The nature of th
Page 113 and 114: Box 7. Radionuclide Speciation Many
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could mix with the bulk hydrogen ga
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than that for uranium-235. Likewise
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near-field of the part containing t
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• Long-term stability and perform
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few millimetres to
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environment, all with the character
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Number Title 2500 Interim S
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EPSRC, 2009. Grant
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Nuclear Decommissioning Authority,
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Skomurski FN, Ewing RC, Rohl AL, Ga
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Co-location Disposal of “high lev
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Geosphere Solid portion of the eart
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Packaging Placing waste int
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Stillage A metal frame used <strong
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BNGSL British Nuclear Group Sellafi
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FP Framework Programme (of the Euro
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MOX mixed oxide fuel (contains uran
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RS Royal Society RSC Royal Society
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Leadership in the
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2009 Report to Government on National Research and

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