2009 Report to Government on National Research and

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APPENDIX C GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS Glossary of Terms Notes 1. The Glossary defines terms in the way that CoRWM uses them. Differences from definitions given in publications by the <strong>Government</strong>, the regula<strong>to</strong>rs, the NDA and others are intentional. 2. Definitions are in normal text; additional comments and examples are in square parentheses [ ] and italics. Active facility A facility where radioactive materials can be used. [Such facilities are subject <strong>to</strong> safety, security and environmental regulation.] Advanced Gas- Cooled Reac<strong>to</strong>r (AGR) A UK designed, gas-cooled reac<strong>to</strong>r with a graphite modera<strong>to</strong>r. [It uses enriched uranium oxide fuel with steel cladding and graphite sleeves. The primary coolant is carbon dioxide.] Applied research Investigation directed primarily <strong>to</strong>wards a specific practical aim or objective, which can involve using existing knowledge and understanding or acquiring new knowledge. Basic research See “Fundamental research”. Becquerel (Bq) The standard international unit of measurement of radioactivity, equivalent <strong>to</strong> one disintegration per second. [Related units are the: kilobecquerel (kBq) – one thousand Becquerels Megabecquerel (MBq) – one million Becquerels Gigabecquerel (GBq) – one thousand million Becquerels Terabecquerel (TBq) – one million million Becquerels.] Biosphere That part of the environment where most organisms live. [Includes soils, surface waters and their sediments, and the atmosphere.] Chemically disturbed zone A region surrounding the engineered zone of a “geological disposal facility” that is affected by release of leachate. [Particularly significant where cementitious backfill is used, since the high pH effluent from the GDF will cause extensive reaction with the host rocks.] Co-disposal Generally, disposal of wastes with differing physical and chemical characteristics in the same facility. Now specifically used in the UK by <strong>Government</strong>, CoRWM and others <strong>to</strong> mean disposal of new build waste in the same facility as existing and “committed” waste. [Often used in radioactive waste management literature <strong>to</strong> mean “co-location”.] CoRWM Document 2543, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>2009</strong> Page 134 of 151
Co-location Disposal of “high level waste”, “intermediate level waste” and other types of “higher activity waste” in a combined “geological disposal facility” in which there are separate parts of the facility for the various types of waste. [For example, there could be one part of the facility for intermediate level waste and another part for the high level waste and spent fuel.] Committed waste Radioactive waste that will arise in future from the operation or decommissioning of existing nuclear facilities. [As distinct from existing waste, which already exists, and new build waste, which will only arise if new facilities are built.] Conditioning Any process used <strong>to</strong> prepare waste for long-term s<strong>to</strong>rage and/or disposal. [Usually by converting it in<strong>to</strong> a suitable solid form e.g. incorporation in glass (vitrification), encapsulation in cement.] Contingent strategy A strategy that can be used if it becomes clear that the “Reference strategy” is no longer appropriate. [Colloquially, “Plan B”. In most radioactive waste management situations several contingent strategies are required, in order <strong>to</strong> address various possible future scenarios (“Plans C, D etc.”).] Deep borehole disposal (DBD) Disposal of waste in boreholes more than 1000m deep. [Also known as very deep geological disposal and very deep disposal.] Desk-based studies Review, summary, collation or evaluation of existing knowledge, information, facts and research outcomes. [In the context of the UK geological disposal site selection process, assessing the suitability of sites using existing knowledge about the geology, surface environment, communities etc.] Development Progressive, systematic use of knowledge and understanding gained from “research” directed <strong>to</strong>wards the production or improvement of materials, devices, systems or methods. [Includes the design and development of processes.] Disposal Emplacement of waste in an appropriate facility without the intention of retrieving it. [Retrieval may be possible but if intended the appropriate term is “s<strong>to</strong>rage”.] Disposable A waste package is disposable if it can be safely removed from a s<strong>to</strong>re, transported <strong>to</strong> a disposal facility and emplaced in that facility, and if it will play its planned role in ensuring the postclosure safety of that facility. CoRWM Document 2543, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>2009</strong> Page 135 of 151
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Committee on Radioactive Waste Mana
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Finland ...........................
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Geosphere Characterisation ........
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. CoRWM’s remi
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odies would need to</strong
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disseminate and assimilate its resu
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1.3 CoRWM’s Work Programme for 20
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1.11 The R&D requirements for the l
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2. ESTABLISHING R&D REQUIREMENTS Wh
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adioactive waste management facilit
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should mitigate the risks of findin
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there is no unwarranted repetition
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safety case development, the overal
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Table 1. Approximate annual levels
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Figure 1. Structure of UK R&D provi
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NDA R&D for Geological Disposal 3.1
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3.27 The purpose of NNL can be summ
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identified the research required an
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submitted to RCEP
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Box 1. Research Council Funded Univ
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3.62 BGS is conducting three projec
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3.70 In the current FP7 programme (
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3.77 RCEP noted that there was a la
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sectors: land disp
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eyond those that RWMD intends <stro
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Box 2. USDOE 2006 Workshop R&D Issu
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3.111 Fundamental and applied resea
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France 3.122 There are six major gr
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and in concert with Forpro is desig
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• encourage the transfer and pres
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comparison to othe
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4. R&D SKILLS TO SUPPORT THE MRWS P
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Figure 3. UK Nuclear Skills Map Sou
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ensure the availability of a skille
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which is longer than the competitio
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Box 4. Postgraduate University Prov
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4.30 The NDA also operates a gradua
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for NDA to acquire
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Retention of Skills 4.48 It has bee
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5. INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED FOR R&D
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purchase of equipment. In addition,
Page 83 and 84: 5.23 The Pacific Northwest National
Page 85 and 86: 5.35 The range of possible function
Page 87 and 88: 5.40 Early in 2009
Page 89 and 90: 6. SOME R&D ISSUES 6.1 R&D carried
Page 91 and 92: interactions, the impact of highly
Page 93 and 94: 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 95 and 96: 7.11 CoRWM has found that responsib
Page 97 and 98: and Appendix A is only intended <st
Page 99 and 100: Current and Planned R&D for ILW A.5
Page 101 and 102: wasteform integrity at end of s<str
Page 103 and 104: Magnox Fuel A.20 Magnox fuel consis
Page 105 and 106: capability exists in the UK for doi
Page 107 and 108: purpose-built building. The former
Page 109 and 110: pending a decision on its long-term
Page 111 and 112: through all these. The nature of th
Page 113 and 114: Box 7. Radionuclide Speciation Many
Page 115 and 116: could mix with the bulk hydrogen ga
Page 117 and 118: than that for uranium-235. Likewise
Page 119 and 120: near-field of the part containing t
Page 121 and 122: • Long-term stability and perform
Page 123 and 124: few millimetres to
Page 125 and 126: environment, all with the character
Page 127 and 128: Number Title 2500 Interim S
Page 129 and 130: EPSRC, 2009. Grant
Page 131 and 132: Nuclear Decommissioning Authority,
Page 133: Skomurski FN, Ewing RC, Rohl AL, Ga
Page 137 and 138: Geosphere Solid portion of the eart
Page 139 and 140: Packaging Placing waste int
Page 141 and 142: Stillage A metal frame used <strong
Page 143 and 144: BNGSL British Nuclear Group Sellafi
Page 145 and 146: FP Framework Programme (of the Euro
Page 147 and 148: MOX mixed oxide fuel (contains uran
Page 149 and 150: RS Royal Society RSC Royal Society
Page 151: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Leadership in the
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2009 Report to Government on National Research and

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