2009 Report to Government on National Research and

Geosphere Characterisation ........................................................................121
Microbiology ................................................................................................123
Temporal Evolution of Geosphere ...............................................................124
Radionuclide Movement in the Biosphere ...................................................124
APPENDIX B REFERENCES .................................................................................126
CoRWM Documents .............................................................................................126
Other Documents ..................................................................................................128
APPENDIX C GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS ......................................................134
Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................134
List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................142
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................151
TABLES
Table 1. Approximate annual levels of funding for R&D on management of higher activity
wastes ...................................................................................................................... 27
Table 2. UK Radioactive Waste Management R&D Expenditure in 1989-90 ................ 47
FIGURES
Figure 1. Structure of UK R&D provision for management of higher activity wastes ...... 29
Figure 2. Co-ordination of Geological Disposal Issues in Sweden ................................ 52
Figure 3. UK Nuclear Skills Map .................................................................................... 65
Figure 4. Skills Pyramid ................................................................................................. 66
Figure 5. Illustrative decline in manpower employed in nuclear fission related R&D ..... 69
Figure 6. Adsorption Processes .................................................................................... 112
BOXES
Box 1. Research Council Funded University Research Consortia .................................. 39
Box 2. USDOE 2006 Workshop R&D Issues .................................................................. 51
Box 3. Nuclear-related Undergraduate Courses ............................................................. 68
Box 4. Postgraduate University Provision ....................................................................... 71
Box 5. Skills <strong>to</strong> Support the Geological Disposal Programme ........................................ 76
Box 6. Examples of Topics on which Underground R&D is needed for GDF Design and
Safety Case Development ....................................................................................... 86
Box 7. Radionuclide Speciation ..................................................................................... 113
Box 8. Mineral Surface Reactivity .................................................................................. 113
Box 9. Modelling ............................................................................................................. 114
CoRWM Document 2543, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>2009</strong> Page 5 of 151