2009 Report to Government on National Research and

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Landais, P, 2008. The French experience: an outline of the ANDRA research programme. Presentation at Geological Society of London Meeting on Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste, 24 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2008. Landoulsi J, El Kirat K, Richard C, Feron D, lvin S, 2008. Enzymatic approach in microbial-influenced corrosion: A review based on stainless steels in natural waters. Environmental Science & Technology 42 2233-2242. LaVerne J A, Carrasco-Flores E A, Araos M S, and Pimblott S M, 2008. Gas Production in the Radiolysis of Polyvinylchloride. J. Phys. Chem. A 112 3345–3351. Lords, 1999. House of Lords, Science and Technology Committee, Third <strong>Report</strong> Session 1998-99, Management of Nuclear Waste, HL Paper 41. Lyon S, 2008. Review of the Nirex Research Programme: Long-term Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Intermediate Nuclear Waste S<strong>to</strong>rage, MPC/R/042, Materials Performance Centre Manchester University. McHugh D, 2008. The Development of Waste Package Overpack Conceptual Design for RWMD ILW Containers, 03-2007/08N, Issue C. McKinney J and Barlow S, 2008. Graphite Waste Treatment and Disposal – A UK Perspective on the Current Opportunities and Issues. <strong>Report</strong> <strong>to</strong> IAEA, currently unpublished. Metcalfe, R, Watson, SP, Rees, JH, Humphreys, P and King, F, 2008. Gas generation and migration for a deep geological reposi<strong>to</strong>ry for higher activity radioactive waste. A review of Nirex/NDA’s work. NWAT report NWAT/NDA/RWMD/2008/002. MKG, 2008. The Swedish NGO Office for Nuclear Waste Review (MKG) specific comments prior <strong>to</strong> the <strong>Government</strong>’s decision concerning the nuclear power industry’s research programme on nuclear waste, FUD-07. Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2008. Morse, JW; Arvidson, RS, 2002. The dissolution kinetics of major sedimentary carbonate minerals. Earth-Science Reviews 58 51-84. MRS, 2008. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXXI. Lee, WE, Roberts, JE, Hyatt, NC and Grimes, RW (edi<strong>to</strong>rs). MRS Vol. 1107, 2008. (See also proceedings of similar symposia in previous years.) Nealson K H, Inagaki F & Takai K, 2005. Hydrogen-driven subsurface lithoau<strong>to</strong>trophic microbial ecosystems (SLiMEs): do they exist and why should we care? Trends in Microbiology 13 405-410. Nexia Solutions, 2007. Review of the Current Status of Underpinning R&D Relating <strong>to</strong> ILW Package Longevity. Nexia Solutions (now NNL) (07) 8060 Issue 2. Niel, J-C, 1996. Legislative and regula<strong>to</strong>ry aspects of radioactive waste management in France. Nuclear Technology Vol. 115, August. Nirex, 2007. Generic Waste Package Specification. Nirex <strong>Report</strong> N/104. Norris S et al., 2007. Graphite Wastes: Disposal Issues, IAEA Graphite Meeting Manchester, January 2007. Nuclear Skills Group, 2002. Nuclear and Radiological Skills Study. CoRWM Document 2543, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>2009</strong> Page 130 of 151
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Page 1 and 2:
Committee on Radioactive Waste Mana
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Finland ...........................
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Geosphere Characterisation ........
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. CoRWM’s remi
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odies would need to</strong
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disseminate and assimilate its resu
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1.3 CoRWM’s Work Programme for 20
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1.11 The R&D requirements for the l
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2. ESTABLISHING R&D REQUIREMENTS Wh
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adioactive waste management facilit
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should mitigate the risks of findin
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there is no unwarranted repetition
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safety case development, the overal
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Table 1. Approximate annual levels
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Figure 1. Structure of UK R&D provi
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NDA R&D for Geological Disposal 3.1
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3.27 The purpose of NNL can be summ
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identified the research required an
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submitted to RCEP
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Box 1. Research Council Funded Univ
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3.62 BGS is conducting three projec
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3.70 In the current FP7 programme (
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3.77 RCEP noted that there was a la
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sectors: land disp
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eyond those that RWMD intends <stro
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Box 2. USDOE 2006 Workshop R&D Issu
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3.111 Fundamental and applied resea
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France 3.122 There are six major gr
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and in concert with Forpro is desig
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• encourage the transfer and pres
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comparison to othe
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4. R&D SKILLS TO SUPPORT THE MRWS P
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Figure 3. UK Nuclear Skills Map Sou
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ensure the availability of a skille
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which is longer than the competitio
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Box 4. Postgraduate University Prov
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4.30 The NDA also operates a gradua
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for NDA to acquire
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Retention of Skills 4.48 It has bee
Page 79 and 80: 5. INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED FOR R&D
Page 81 and 82: purchase of equipment. In addition,
Page 83 and 84: 5.23 The Pacific Northwest National
Page 85 and 86: 5.35 The range of possible function
Page 87 and 88: 5.40 Early in 2009
Page 89 and 90: 6. SOME R&D ISSUES 6.1 R&D carried
Page 91 and 92: interactions, the impact of highly
Page 93 and 94: 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 95 and 96: 7.11 CoRWM has found that responsib
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Page 99 and 100: Current and Planned R&D for ILW A.5
Page 101 and 102: wasteform integrity at end of s<str
Page 103 and 104: Magnox Fuel A.20 Magnox fuel consis
Page 105 and 106: capability exists in the UK for doi
Page 107 and 108: purpose-built building. The former
Page 109 and 110: pending a decision on its long-term
Page 111 and 112: through all these. The nature of th
Page 113 and 114: Box 7. Radionuclide Speciation Many
Page 115 and 116: could mix with the bulk hydrogen ga
Page 117 and 118: than that for uranium-235. Likewise
Page 119 and 120: near-field of the part containing t
Page 121 and 122: • Long-term stability and perform
Page 123 and 124: few millimetres to
Page 125 and 126: environment, all with the character
Page 127 and 128: Number Title 2500 Interim S
Page 129: EPSRC, 2009. Grant
Page 133 and 134: Skomurski FN, Ewing RC, Rohl AL, Ga
Page 135 and 136: Co-location Disposal of “high lev
Page 137 and 138: Geosphere Solid portion of the eart
Page 139 and 140: Packaging Placing waste int
Page 141 and 142: Stillage A metal frame used <strong
Page 143 and 144: BNGSL British Nuclear Group Sellafi
Page 145 and 146: FP Framework Programme (of the Euro
Page 147 and 148: MOX mixed oxide fuel (contains uran
Page 149 and 150: RS Royal Society RSC Royal Society
Page 151: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Leadership in the
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2009 Report to Government on National Research and

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