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CAD. LAB. XEOL. LAXE 26 (2001) Identification of ambiguous fossil bone remains 283 cially at the body, the articular head and the articular surface. In any case, the a) b) metrical analysis is useful to carry the distinction out. Figure 1. (a) The three analysed fossil ribs showing where they were cut in order to extract collagen. (b) Detail of one of the rib heads.
284 VILA TABOADA et al. CAD. LAB. XEOL. LAXE 26 (2001) SAMPLES AND TECHNIQUES The studied ribs were, named as LXL- 400, LXL-372 and LXL-399, were provided by the Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe. Their preservation condition was fairly good. As %N is a first indicator about collagen preservation, 0.5 mg of bone powder (got after cleaning by sandblasting, alternative acetone/distilled water sonicating, sewing, crashing and finely ground) was analysed in a Carlo-Erba 1108 Elemental Analyser with analytical reproducibility better than 0.1 %. Once those bones not suitable enough for isotopic determination were evaluated (IACUMIN et al., 1997), we followed a common collagen extraction method (BOCHERENS et al., 1997b), based on alternative reactions and filtratings with HCl and NaOH, lyophilising and analysed by SIRMS (Stable Isotopic Rations Mass Spectrometry). Carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements were performed on a Finnigan Mat Delta Plus spectrometer joint to an Elemental Analyser Carlo-Erba 1108 with analytic reproducibility better than 0.1‰ for carbon, and 0.2‰ for nitrogen. Results, δ 13 C and δ 15 N, are referred to international stardards: PDB (Pee Dee Bee limestone) and atmospheric N 2 , respectively. The atomic ratio of the heavy isotope to the lighter one (R X = m X/ n X, m>n ) in the sample is compared to the one of a standard material. The difference between both, "δ", can be calculated following this formula: δ(‰)= [(R sample - R stamdard )/R stamdard]x1000 The computer program Statgraphics Plus 3.0 for Windows has been used for statistical analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After considering which bones were confident enough for isotopic studies, following the atomic [2.9-3.6] C/N atomic ratio (DE NIRO, 1985), the initial number of 3 samples was reduced to 2. Data and information available about their origin are shown in table 1. In order to classify fossil remains as belonging to a particular species taking as a basis isotopic values, some previous references are necessary. Literature provides with a lot of data from cave bears (BOCHERENS et al., 1994; BOCHE- Table 1. Site information and isotopic data of bones whose isotopic information is proper for palaeoenvironmental inference. Absolute ages are shown as an average value, see exact radiocarbon datings in Sample and Techniques. [*] above sea level; [#] Kiloyears Before Present.
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