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Cadernos Lab. Xeolóxico de Laxe Coruña. 2001. Vol. 26, pp. 365-371 ISSN: 0213-4497 The Evolution of Metapodial Bones in the Cave Bear Group and its biostratigraphical Implications La evolución de los metápodos en el grupo del Oso de las Cavernas y sus implicaciones bioestratigráficas A B S T R A C T WITHALM, G. A short description of the methods is followed by some central results obtained from the analyses of metapodial bones in the cave bear group from sites in Austria and Italy. The evolution of metapodials shows, in general, a tendency towards increasing plumpness, and backs the results obtained from the morphodynamic analyses of the teeth. Key words: evolution, metapodials, Ursus spelaeus, Ursus deningeri Institute of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090, Vienna, AUSTRIA
366 WITHALM, G. CAD. LAB. XEOL. LAXE 26 (2001) INTRODUCTION Since the work done by TORRES (1988) and KUNST (1989) there was not too much attention drawn to the metapodial bones of Ursus spelaeus and its predecessor, Ursus deningeri. Torres tried to provide a range of characters to differentiate U. spelaeus from U. deningeri and U. arctos as well as a general description and comparison of the skeletal elements of these animals, collected in sites from Spain. Kunst tried to use the metapodial bones to exemplify differences between several cave bear sites of Austria. RESULTS The current investigation is aimed at the evolutionary changes of the metapodial bones throughout time by means of morphometrics. Therefore eight different measurements were taken and five indices were calculated from 4459 metapodial bones from U. spelaeus and U. deningeri from eight different sites in Austria and Italy. The measurements are: proximal width and depth, smallest diaphyseal width and depth, distal width and depth, distal epicondyleal width and greatest length. The indices are: proximal area, smallest diaphyseal area, distal area, index of robustness and K–index, the latter according to GUZVICA & RADANO- VIC–GUZVICA (2000). The sites from Austria and Italy are: Hundsheimer Spalte, Repolust cave, Schwabenreith cave, Ramesch cave, Conturines cave (Southern Ty r o l ) , Figure 1. Measurements taken from metapodials. Graphics: from TORRES (1988), altered. Herdengel cave, Windener Bärenhöhle and Gamssulzen cave. Basic statistical analysis was carried out on this data set to see wether there is a possibility to sex a population or not, for comparison with the results from OSWALD (1999). The obtained results are totally inhomogenous and so it is not possible to sex a cave bear fauna by means of metapodials. Further investigation showed that there is a correlation between the index of robustness, the K–Index and the smallest diaphyseal area and the stratigraphic position of the site. Therefore it is not only possible to predict the age of a cave bear population by analysing the evo-
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