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CAD. LAB. XEOL. LAXE 26 (2001) Holocene Brown Bears in natural traps 335 Table 7. Frequency (NISP/MNI) of brown bear in Pleistocene/Holocene sites. Figure 6. Frequency (%NISP) of skeletal parts of non adult and adult brown bear from MV4 natural trap. NISP youngs = 4634; NISP adults = 900. TRICH, 1960). Some age classes have been rarely obtained because of the state of mandible preservation (lack of teeth; presence/absence of alveoles; state of eruption slightly different (intermedial) of DITTRICH’s one). Unworn milk teeth are rare, whereas 6 weeks – 4 months old (DITTRICH’ stages 4-6) followed by 5 months - 6 months old (DITTRICH’ stages 9-10) individuals are well represented
336 CREGUT & FOSSE CAD. LAB. XEOL. LAXE 26 (2001) (table 8). Because birth of brown bears occurs in January – February (PARDE & CAMARRA, 1992: 10), DITTRICH’ stages 4-6 indicate March/May periods and stages 9-10, July. It suggests both mortality during and at the end of hibernation (stage 4, 5 and 6) and during summer (stages 9, 10). The MV4 entrance may be seen as a hibernation place for female bears with their cubs; its characteristics (morphology, size) are similar to pyrenean or abbruzzean rockshelters used as winter refuges (CAMARRA, 1987, 1989; ZUNINO, 1986). Presence of bears during summer might be explained either by their behaviour (frequentation of the highest zones of territory in search of food and coolness) or by first human activities in this area (refuge in front of clearings, pastoralism …). The 11 adult specimens are identified by 900 bones and teeth. Material belongs to subadult and young adult with unworn permanent teeth. Size of upper and lower canines suggest that females are more abundant than males (figure 7). Long bones extremities often present carnivore activities: discrete pits near epiphyses, grooves along diaphyses and deep furrows into humerus/femur heads which have been sometimes completly cancelled out (figure 8). Some adult brown bears survived to their fall and consume (semi)fresh bones, by gnawing epiphysis. CONCLUSIONS Mont Ventoux sites contain one of the richest brown bear samples in Europe. Goals of studies on such original sites have to draw up detailed data sheets both on biological characteristics of bears (presence of so many youngs suppose a recurrent frequentation of these sites for a very long period -several centuries?- by a same population; inter site correlations …) and Table 8. Age estimation of non adult brown bears from MV4 site.
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