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Cadernos Lab. Xeolóxico de Laxe Coruña. 2001. Vol. 26, pp. 407-414 ISSN: 0213-4497 The Ursus spelaeus disappearance archaeologically registered in the Northeast of Catalonia Registro arqueológico de la desaparición de Ursus spelaeus en el Noreste de Cataluña A B S T R A C T MAROTO, J.; RAMIÓ, S. & SOLÉS, A. The extinction of Ursus spelaeus remains controversial. In this paper, data from two archaeological sites from NE Iberian Peninsula are presented. Thus, the Middle-Upper Paleolithic term is thoroughly analysed by combining radiocarbon datings, palaeontological remains and archaeological findings. Key words: Ursus spelaeus , Palaeolithic, Ermitons cave, Arbreda cave, Archaeology Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat de Girona, Plaça Ferrater Mora, 1, 17071 Girona. SPAIN
408 MAROTO et al. CAD. LAB. XEOL. LAXE 26 (2001) INTRODUCTION The fossil register shows a plentiful presence of the Ursus spelaeus on the Middle Palaeolithic in Europe, but during the Upper Palaeolithic a progessive declive was registered, which inevitably took the Ursus spelaeus to its extintion (A LT U N A, 1971; P R AT 1 9 7 6 ; GAMBLE, 1986; GUÉRIN & PATOU- MATHIS, 1996). In order to explain the reasons of extintion of the Ursus spelaeus we will provide data concerning the transition between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic based on two archaeological sites, the Arbreda Cave and the Ermitons Cave (Catalonia), located on the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, one of the meridional areas of distribution of this Ursidae. THE ARBREDA CAVE Natural surroundings and Site’s Excavation The Arbreda Cave belongs to the group of the Reclau Caves (Serinyà). These caves are located at a heigh of 200 and 210 metres, and they open to a cascading travertine backing the west margin of a plain, the Pla d’Usall, formed by limestone of lacustrine origin and constituent of a small but relative abrupt talus. The territory as easily accessible and offers many natural resources within an hour radius: the great plain of the Pla d’Usall, the Lake of Banyoles and the swamps that surround it, a long stretch of the middle Fluvià river, and the valley of the Ser river with a variety of relifs, from subtile to abrupt. The site is also located at about 3 hours from the relevant natural north and south passway along the Prelitoral Catalan Depressions, and near the Fluvià river, which also serves as a natural way into the inland territories, as the massif of Alta Garrotxa, for exemple. Digging was undertaken by J.M. Corominas on 1972 and 1973. Since 1975, excavations have been systematic, but with a few interruptions. Nowdays, the excavations are supervised by Professors Narcís Soler and Julià Maroto, from the University of Girona. The stratigraphic sequence of the site is complete, for its chronology includes from Middle Palaeolithic (approximately 100.000 years) to well into Upper Palaeolithic (about 15.000 years ago). The Levels of Middle Palaeolithic The diggings have not yet reached the lower levels of the stratigraphic sequence of the site, which we only know from the 1972-73 sounding (Alfa Sector). The constant presence along the Mousterian register of the Ursus spelaeus is evident on the work of ESTÉVEZ (1987) about the fauna materials corresponding to this sounding. Level I (recent Middle Palaeolithic known from new excavations) is dated with 14 C AMS in 39,9 ± 0,6 ka (average resulting from four datings). Excluding the rabbit, abundant but only partly hunted, the presence of carnivores dominates (MNI=28). Within them we mostly find Ursus spelaeus predominant over the ungulates (MNI=14) (Table 1).
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