Hovedoppgave - Høgskolen i Vestfold

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Nanopartikler – Håndtering av eksponering i arbeidsmiljøet 4.1.1 Geometriske effekter ........................................................................................... 29 4.1.2 Overflatemodifisering.......................................................................................... 30 4.1.3 Andre egenskaper ............................................................................................... 31 4.2 Overordnede tilvirkningsmetoder ...............................................................................31 4.3 Noen applikasjoner ....................................................................................................32 4.4 Nanokompositter ........................................................................................................34 4.5 Industriell utnyttelse av nanomaterialer ....................................................................35 5. Helserisiko .......................................................................................................................38 5.1 Nanopartiklers iboende forgiftningsevne ....................................................................39 5.1.1 Karbon nanorør (CNT) ...................................................................................... 39 5.1.2 Titandioksid (TiO2) ............................................................................................ 42 5.1.3 Silisiumoksid (SiO2) ............................................................................................ 44 5.2 Eksponeringsveier ......................................................................................................45 5.2.1 Eksponering i luftveier og lunger ........................................................................ 46 6. Måleteknikker ..................................................................................................................47 6.1 Tilnærminger for målemetodikk.................................................................................47 6.2 Eksponering i arbeidsmiljøet......................................................................................49 6.3 Noen instrumenter .....................................................................................................50 7. Reguleringer og lovverk ...................................................................................................53 7.1 Nanomaterialer i REACH og norsk lovverk ...............................................................53 7.1.1 Arbeidsmiljøloven ............................................................................................... 54 7.2.3 Adminstrative normer ........................................................................................ 55 7.2.4 Sikkerhetsdatablad ............................................................................................. 55 8. Internasjonale anbefalinger ..............................................................................................57 8.1 Behovet for retningslinjer og reguleringer ..................................................................57 8.2 Internasjonal satsning i arbeidsmiljøsammenheng .....................................................57 8.3 Norske forhold ............................................................................................................58 8.4 Eksponeringsvurdering ...............................................................................................59 6
Nanopartikler – Håndtering av eksponering i arbeidsmiljøet 8.5 Risikoreduksjon ..........................................................................................................60 9. Resultater ........................................................................................................................64 9.1 Presentasjon av bedriftene .........................................................................................64 9.2 Eksponering i arbeidsmiljøet......................................................................................67 9.2.1 Tilvirkning .......................................................................................................... 68 9.2.2 Material pakking/utpakking og veiing ................................................................ 69 9.2.3 Rensing og avfallshåndtering .............................................................................. 70 9.3 Måleteknikker for eksponering ...................................................................................71 9.4 Personlig verneutstyr .................................................................................................71 9.5 Sikkerhetsdatablad .....................................................................................................72 9.6 Interne HMS rutiner ..................................................................................................73 9.7 Grunnlag for risikovurdering ......................................................................................74 Konklusjoner .......................................................................................................................75 Litteraturliste ......................................................................................................................77 Forkortelser .........................................................................................................................86 Vedlegg #1 - Mal brukt under intervju i bedriftsbesøkene .................................................87 Vedlegg #2 - Obligatorisk erklæring ...................................................................................88 7
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