van gölü hidrolojisi ve kirliliği konferansı bildiri kitabı

Van Gölü Hidrolojisi ve Kirliliği Konferansı, 21-22 Ağustos 2008, DSİ XVII. Bölge Müdürlüğü, Van.gerisindeki aktif depolama hacmi 242.61×10 6 m 3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, çekilmedönemi süresince (242 gün) boşalan su miktarı ve çekilme dönemi sonunda akiferde kalan sumiktarı sırasıyla 98.07×10 6 m 3 ve 144.54×10 6 m 3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılanhesaplamalar, çekilme dönemi boyunca karst akiferi toplam hacminin yaklaşık % 40’nınŞamran kaynağı ile boşaldığını göstermektedir. Azalma katsayısı, karst akiferindeyeraltısuyunun; kırık – çatlak sistemleri boyunca hareket ettiğini, hidrolik iletkenlik veiletimlilik katsayılarının düşük ve depolama katsayısının yüksek olduğu ortamları işaretetmektedir. Şamran kaynağı akım hidrografı ve yapılan hesaplamalar, karst akiferindebeslenme ve boşlalımın homojen olduğunu göstermektedir.Anahtar Sözcükler: hidrojeoloji, karst, kaynak çekilme analizi, Şamran kaynağı.Katkı Belirtme: Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırmalar Kurumu(TÜBİTAK-ÇAYDAG) tarafından desteklenmektedir, Proje No: 106Y040.ABSTRACT: Conventional methods applied to explicate the hydrodynamic structure in termsof recharge, storage; flow and discharge are not an efficient in highly heterogeneous andanisotropic karstic aquifers as they are in granular aquifers. In karst aquifers recharge mayoccur as allogenic or autogenic in forms such as point or dispersed, storage is a propertyalso of the vadose zone as well as phreatic zone, flow may have a character of concentratedor diffuse or a combination of these end-members, which makes direct determination ofphysical parameters related to these properties almost impossible. Therefore, the black-boxapproach in karst aquifer provides a tool to understand the hydrodynamic behavior of theaquifer based upon the hydrograph and chemograph characteristics of the springs thatdischarge from the aquifer of interest. The shape of these time-series are similar in general,however they exhibits some differences reflecting the differences in some hydrogeologicalparameters of the media such as hydraulic conductivity, storativity, hydraulic gradient,recharge, geometric dimension and geomorphologic setting of the recharge area.In this study, flow properties of karst aquifer of Şamran spring which located SE part of LakeVan Closed Basin was investigated based on spring recession analysis. Şamran spring isdischarging from marble that consist of Paleozoic-Mesozoic age Bitlis Massif. Domesticwater for the city off Van and some important townships (Edremit, Gürpınar, Çiçekli) issupplied from this spring in the region. The data series for spring recession analysis wasobtained from discharge measurements that measured at Yukarıkaymaz village on monthlybasis and the Şamran spring on weekly basis between February 2007 and July 2008. Inaddition this, the amount of domestic water was also measured at the Şamran spring.During the study period; mean, minimum and maximum discharges of Şamran spring werecalculated as 4.697, 3.599 and 6.455 m 3 /s, respectively. Approximately 1.975 m 3 /s of waterhave been taken from Şamran spring for domestic use. The spring recession analysis wasdone by the Maillet Equation that takes into account spring discharge that occurs adetermined t time. The recession period of Şamran spring was observed approximately 242day between July 2007 and March 2008. The spring recession coefficient was calculated as0.00214 day -1 from result of spring recession analysis that represents the spring discharge.This value indicates that approximately 2,140 m 3 of water is discharge from each 1.0×10 6 m 3of water on the storage at daily. The total volume of water at karst aquifer of Şamran springwas calculated as 242.61×10 6 m 3 . Also the volume of discharging water during the recessionperiod (242 day) and remaining water after recession period at karst aquifer were calculatedas 98.07×10 6 m 3 and 144.54×10 6 m 3 , respectively. The calculation shows that during the142