ABSTRACTS / RESUMES - Comitato Glaciologico Italiano

F.S. LAI & W. MALANDI
Particulate organic matter in streams under natural and
logged conditions with reference to steep forest
watersheds in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia
Department of Forest Management, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia,
43400 Upm, Serdang, Malaysia
This study assesses the effects of logging on particulate organic
matter (Porn) in four step watersheds based on data
collected at various times (Sg. Batangsi, 19,8 sq. km-logging
on going; Sg. Chongkak, 12,7 sq. km, logging ceased;
Sg. Lui, 68,1 sq. km-80 % forested and Sg. Lawing, 4,7
sq.km-undisturbed but 400/0 logged in 1993). POM varied
between 0,2 to 1238 mg/l (n =380) for Sg. Batangsi, 0,7 to
85,5 mg/l (n = 88) for Sg. Chongkak A, 1,2 to 56,1 mg/l (n
= 300) for Sg. Chongkak B, 0,5 to 45,5 mg/l (n = 270) for
Sg Lui, 0,1 to 53,0 mg/l (n = 300) in Sg Lawing, unlogged
and 6,0 to 276,4 mg/l (n = 330) during logging.
Using analysis of variance, Porn during low flow conditions
was not significantly different between streams. In contrast,
Porn varied significantly different between rising and
falling stream discharge in individual streams suggesting
that storm flows are important in trasporting fine organics.
Further analysis suggests that logging increases the export
of Porn compared to undisturbed watersheds Porn transport
were highest during rising stream discharges.
ADAM LAJcZAK
Slope remodelling in areas exploited by skiers:
case study of the Polish Carpathian Mts.
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Lubicz Str. 46, 31-512 Cracow, Poland
Skiing is one of most recent forms of anthropopression in
the mountains. Development of ski-resorts in the recent
years connected with increasing number of hikers in summer
period has activitated the degradation of vegetation
and accelerated soil erosion. The result is quick local slope
remodelling due to much more effective all morphogenetic
processes. In the writings on the subject the problem of
ski-trail degradation appears much less than that the slope
degradation due to other forms of anthropopression. During
the last several years have seen a growing number of
ski-trails in mountains in Southern Poland, most of them
situated on the terrains with insufficient thickness of snow
cover for skiing. Since the time when sheep grazing has
been banned, skiing and hiking have become the principal
causes of the slope degradation over about 700 malt.
The aim of the examinations conducted in few places with
ski-trails in the Polish Carpathian Mts. is to establish the
size of slope degradation and the way of its remodelling
due to skiing and hiking, with regard to the bedrock resistance,
climate and the time of being in service. The study
is focussed on the northern flysch slope of Pilsko Mt, (Western
Beskidy Mts.) as one of areas with longest ski-trails in
Poland.
Earthworks connected with slope profiling for ski-trails
and alternately occuring eroded and overbuilt zones leads
to smoothing of the longitudinal slope profile. In areas
used exclusively by skiers and additionally smoothed by
snow-levelling machines the linear erosion of slope does
not occur. However, in ski areas penetrated by hikers
morphological effects produced by skiing are intensified
by effects diversifying microrelief, which result from rill
erosion. When erosion cuts reach the bedrock, their
further development consists in their broadening. With time
rubble, and next bare bedrock becomes to be exposed
on large areas. Further degradation of these areas by hikers
may effectively prevent their stabilization by plant cover.
The described tendencies of slope development is fixed by
the activation in such places, and particularly in the subalpine
zone,. of morphogenetic processes, the range and intensity
of which was small before tourists appeared in this
area.
Skiing has a moderate direct influence on the ski-trail degradation.
As a result of the combined impact of skiing
and hiking the slope morphology changes and effectiveness
of all morphogenetic processes increases. The volume
of soil eroded from ski-trails depends on the number of
hikers using particular paths, mainly during their descending
down the hill. The present rate of erosion depends on
the developmental phase of a slope gully and on the lithology
of bedrock. However, it is impossible to determine
the effect of slope inclination on the extent of erosion in
the scale of the whole investigated area. This effect is visible
only in small areas of uniform granulometric composition
of slope waste. In areas degraded exclusively by skiing
no such effect was found
GALINA G. LAMYKINA 1 & KAPITOLINA 1. SIGOVA 2
Fault tectonics of Asian - Pacific Ocean Transition Zone
1Pacific Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Radio St., 7, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
2 Pacific Oceanological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Baltiyskaya St., 43, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
The Asian - Pacific Ocean Transition Zone in the triad
«Sea-Arc- Trench» is characterized by tectonic - mobile zones
girdling the Pacific Ocean. This is clearly manifested in
the morphostructural and geological formation, geophysical
fields and fault tectonics. The lineaments of a fault character
are distinguished on a basis of the complex analysis
of geomorphological and geologic - geophysical data. The
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