ABSTRACTS / RESUMES - Comitato Glaciologico Italiano

1Pacific Oceanological Institute, Feb Ras, Baltiyskaya St.,
690041 Vladivostok, Russia
2 Institute de Geologie et Paleontologie, Universite de Lausunne
Lausunne, Switzerland
The Philippine Basin presents some problems in understanding
the history of the western Pacific Ocean. The
Kyushu-Palau area has been visited by research vessels
Professor Bogorov cruise 30/31 (1989), cruise 33 (1990),
Akademik A. Vinogradov cruise 16 (1990). Bathymetric
and dradge data has been collected during an investigation
of the sea floor. According to the data of deep-sea
drilling (59 Leg. of Gl. Cballinger, Sites 447,448 and 126
Leg. of ]. Resolution) Sites 787, 792) the zonal scalle of
Oligocene was created on the basis of quantitative and
qualitative analyses. The sections occur allong two transectes:
northern (Aoga Canyon) and southern (Kyushu­
Palau). The main criterion of identifying radiolarian
zones is dominanting of representatives of one or two
genera.
Volcanic, block-tectonic and gravity-accumulative landforms
have formed a relief of the area. Submarine shield
and stratified central-type volcans stands out against a
background of a sea-bottom. Basalts similar to oceanic
islands tholeiites and sodium trachytes compose volcanic
structures of the west part of the Ridge. Volcanic (basalts ­
rhyodacites) and pyroclastic rocks similar to island-arc type
compose composite volcanoes. Volcano-tectonic depressions
accompany volcanoes of two types.
Two tectonomagmatic epochs have composed the morphogenesis
process of the Kyushu-Palau.Probably amagmatic
tectonic crustal movements had finished morphogenesis
at Lower Oligocene.
The oldest sediments of Early Oligocene were discovered
at the Kyushu-Palau Ridges.They cover the volcanic breccia.
The Early Oligocene zone Tristylospyrs triceros contains
18.83 %of species-index and 10.87 % of representatives
of related genus Gerathocyrtis (Nanno-zone NP 23).
Higher up the section a layer of volcanic glass devoid of radiolarians
divides the Early and Late Oligocene. The Late
Oligocene zone is Haliomma Lirianthus-Cerathospyris
strasburgeri (Nanno-zone NP 24). It contains 13.8 % of the
former species-index.
The Late Oligocene radiolarian association is characterised
by a cyclic development. Predominance of major groups
Dercadospyris and Calocycloma is recorded.
It is to be noted that isochronous associations of the Pacific
Ocean and the (Ontong Java, Site 289), the Late Oligocene
radiolarian associations are characterized by predominance
of multi-chamber Nassellaria. The correlative analysis
of isochronous associations of Oligocene and Early
Miocene radiolarians unable us to 'suggest the geographical
barrier which existed at that time between the Philippine
Basin and the Pacific Ocean. This barrier was represented
by the Mariana arc.
LIUBOMIR MENKOVIC 1 & MIROSLAV MARKOVIC 2
Glacial morphology of Serbia (Yugoslavia)
1 Geographical Institute «[ovan Cviji}»of Serbian Academy of Science
and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology,
Dju{ina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
The first data on glacial morphology of Balkan were submitted
by Cvijic at the end of last and beginning of this
century. He has reported the existence of traces of glacial
forms on the Serbian highest mountains Prokletije, [ara
and Koritnik. The newest, present day investigations were
carried out by remote sensing applications, accomplished
with the field observations. By such approach in these localities
discovered are numerous cirques, glacial troughs,
moraines and other characteristic forms produced by work
of the Pleistocene glaciers.
The Prokletije Mountain makes Serbian border with Albania.
The cirques here are located just below the highest
peaks and mountain ridges. Their elevation ranges from
2000 to 2200 meters. The cirques are continuing into short
glacial valleys, with lengths of some 4000-4500 meters. The
moraines are well preserved only in the cirques. At the
lower altitudes they are mostly eroded. The lowest registered
elevation of moraines is approximately 1500 meters.
The Pleistocene glacial forms are inherited by the fluvial
ones. In the most of the cirques springs of the numerous
small rivers are settled.
The Koritnik Mountain is situated in the extreme southern
part of Serbia. Only one cirque, altitude of 2000-2200 meters,
is developed here. Located just below the mountain
top, with width reaching 1200 meters, it is deeply incised
in limestone rocks. The cirque narrows towards northeast
and continues into glacial trough with length of one kilometre.
Bottoms of both, cirque and glacial trough, are covered
with moraines composed of limestone exclusively.
Moraines can be traced to the altitude of 1400 meters.
The [ara Mountain, located on the Macedonian border, displays
abundance of glacial forms. On its northern side,
belonging to Serbia, thirty cirques varying in diameter
from 100 to 1500 meters are registered. All of them are located
immediately below the main mountain ridge oriented
northeast-southwest. The cirques have elevation from
1900 to 2400 meters. The glacial valleys that follow the cirques,
have lengths of 2-3 kilometres. They end, as a rule,
with terminal moraines.The lowest of them are found at altitudes
of 1200 meters.
Positions and mutual relationships between investigated
glacial forms enabled determination of the snow line altitude.'
During the Pleistocene it was at 1900 meters on the
northern sides, and at 2200 meters on the southern sides of
the mountains. That indicates development of the Pleistocene,
precisely Wiirm glaciation, only on the highest altitudes
of the investigated mountains. The type of glacier was
depending on the snow line position, i.e. on topographic
surface above it. The most of glaciers were developed as
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