ABSTRACTS / RESUMES - Comitato Glaciologico Italiano

There is certain traditional hypothesis trying to explain
these events. It is the assumption that these processes were
caused by changes in land use during zo" century. It is the
assumption that single local processes interact and the response
has the nature of a fluctuation. But the spatial
analysis - spatial analysis of land use system, spatial analysis
of small geomophological forms and ephemeral processes,
spatial analysis of large geomorphological forms and long
lasting processes - cast doubt over this hypothesis. The results
of spatial analysis anticipates an other hypothesis. It
can be called hypothesis of metastability. It can be formulated
as follows: If we investigate the relief within small time-space
dimensions, then it appears unstable, as «full» of
local topical events. If we investigate the relief within large
time-space dimensions, then it appears unstable, as «full»
of regional longlasted irreversible trends. There are some
medium scale geomorphological processes and forms
«between». This medium scale level behaves like buffer
muffling both forms of unstability, It can be assumed that
this metastability of geomorphological events of medium
scale was not impaired even by the distinct change of land
use system in the period of the socialist collectivization.
KAZUKO URUSHIBARA-YOSHINO 1
& FRANZ-DIETER MIOTKE 2
Solution rate oflimestone tablets and C02
measurement in soils in limestone areas ofJapan
1 Department of Natural Sciences, Komazawa University,
Komaawa 1-23-1, Setagayaku, Tokyo 154, Japan
2 Department of Geography, Hannover University, Schneiderberg 50,
Hannover 1, Germany
The C02 contents in soils have been studied at the 7 points
in Japan: Asahikawa, Abukuma, Chichibu, Akiyoshi,
Shikoku, Ryugado and Minamidai to island, since 1992.
These areas are covered by Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Quaternary
limestones. The C02 contents in soils have been
measured at each points for every 4 seasons in order to clarify
the factors of solution ratio of limestones. The C02
contents in A horizons and B horizons changed in accordance
with the water balance in soils as well as ecological
contions in soils. Under the grassland conditions, the values
of C02 show maximum in B horizon after 3-4 days'
rainfall. The seasonal and year-to-year variations of C02
contents are also related to the water balance in soils at the
observation points. In almost of all cases, the highest values
are found in B horizons. It is indicated that these C02
results are closely reflected to the values of solution rate of
limestone tablets in soils. In 1994, the values of C02 were
extremely small at all observation points, become of anomalously
hot and dry wether.
The year-to-year fluctuation of tablets' solution rates are
also reflected by the year-to-year fluctuation of the water
balance. In 1993, the solution ratio was very high, because
of wet weather with high value of C02 in soils. However,
the solution ratio was very low in 1994, because of the hot
and dry conditions of the year with low value of C02 in
soils. These solution ratio of limestone tablets in soils are 1.
5-2 times higher than the values in the air during observation
period at all points.
SERGEI A. USHAKOV & IRINA S. USHAKOVA
Geodynamic nature of Sikhotealin mountains
and island Sakhalin
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Earth Sciences Museum
and Geography Department, 119899 Moscou, Russia
Geomorphological and geophysical data analysis allows to
propose that the Sikhotealin mountains are forming as a
result of continental lithosphere contraction and the
Okhotsk Sea oceanic lithosphere subduction under them
with small linear velocity (V < 1 ern/ year). According this
interpretation of the Sikhotealin mountains geodynamic
origin it is naturally to suppose that island Sakhalin is the
summit of large accretionary prism . This prism is formed
predominantly from sedimentary rocks with the ophiolite
spots. The accretionary prism goes on to form at present
being compressed and sheared.
SERGEI A. USHAKOV & IRINA S. USHAKOVA
Geodynamic nature of the Crimea mountains
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Earth Sciences Museum
and Geography Department, 119899 Moscou, Russia
The Crimea mountains are not isostaticaly equilibrated.
They have maximum altitude close to 1.5 km and isostatic
anomalies close to +150 mgl. The negative anomalies zone
with minimum anomaly equal to -200 mgl is extending
about in 100 km southwards from the Crimea south coast
parallel to it. The large conjugate positive and negative isostatic
anomalies allowed us to conclude that the Crimea
mountains just as the mountains exist at present because
the Crimea continental lithosphere upthrusts upon the
Black Sea oceanic lithosphere. The Black Sea lithosphere
subduction is proved by seismic data (Kogan). According
these data in minimum isostatic anomalies zone within the
Black Sea lithospheric basement relief the deep trough buried
under sediments is detected.
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