ABSTRACTS / RESUMES - Comitato Glaciologico Italiano

VLADIMIR 1. MYSLIVETS
The problems of the structure
of the global morphogenesis
Geographical Faculty, Moscow State University,
Moscow, 119 899, Russia
The global morphogenesis is a complicated process, any
aspects of which are poorly investigated. Analysis of its
structure arises some problems. The first problem is a
functional structure. The development of global relief
of the Earth is the result of the complex contradictory
interaction between geomorphological processes, forces
and factors of different - cosmic, planetary, endogenic,
exogenic and anthropogenic origin, from one side, and
landforms of different orders - from other side. According
to modern level of our knowledges, origin of the Pacific
Ocean and ancient cratonic nuclears of continents are the
result of cosmic and planetary scale events at early stage of
Earth evolution (origin of the Moon and impact action of
large meteorites and'asteroides). Peripheral parts of continentsandAtlantic-type
oceans are forming under influence
of the actualistic endo-exogenous processes, including
plate tectonic. These processes are divided into two 'large
groups. Internal processes are organized in the totality of
endogeodynamic regimes (V.V. Beloussov), which rare
changing in. time and space and are controlling the character.
of'elementary endogenous processes - tectonical movements,
magmatism and methamorphism. ExternalpTocesses
are organized in the totality of exogeodynamic regimes
- geographical zones, which control elementary exogenous
processes - erosion and accumulation of various types. So,
the geographical zone is not only the definite territory, but
it is also the type of exogeodynamic regime, changing in ti-
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me and space. The combination of endogeodynamic and
exogeodynamic regimes determines the main types of natural
environments. The landforms of each type include relict,
inherited and newly-formed ones, which developed by
different ways.
The second problem is a spatial structure of the global
morphogenesis and its origin. The main lithospheric features
of this structure - the existence of oceanic, Pacific, and
continental hemispheres of the Earth; regular disposition
of continents, Atlantic-type oceans; the main orogenic continental
and oceanic belts; the orthogonal - diagonal lineament
set. These features combine with spatial, zonal-sectoral
structure of atmo-, hydrospheric and biotic processes.
Their interaction defines spatial regularity 'of the main
agents of the global denudation and accumulation (ice
sheets, large rivers, arid regions,provinces of predominance
of accumulation in the oceans and so on).
The third problem is an energetical structure of global
morphogenesis. It is in a strong connection with aspects ,
mentioned above, and includes such questions, as sources
of energy of morphogenesis, their quantitative parameters
and distribution, character of manifestadion and its results.
Existing of the energetically active zone on the Earth surface
palys an important role in the estimation of natural environments.
At last but not at least there is the problem, of, temporal
structure of global morphogenesis. There are two aspects
of that problem. The first ones characterises the evolution
of global morphogenesis. So, analysis of global mechanical
denudation and accumulation for Phanerozoic time show,
firstly, an alteration of relatively quiet and active epochs,
and secondly, an increasing of intensity of those 'processes
from each geotectonical cycle to consequent ones. The second
aspect con cernes modern temporal structure of
morphogenesis: the regions of rapid change of relief neighbouring
with territories of slow surface development. Each
of them has their own «geomorphological» time.