ABSTRACTS / RESUMES - Comitato Glaciologico Italiano

with the morphological analyses by using the measurement
and statistics in the different systems of climatic geomorphology,
the equations suggest that the karst morphologic
development is a complex responses process to the
climate; which varite with the latitude and longitude; the
upper structure layer are more stable and maintain the paleoclimatic
morphology, but certainly lowering with the
evolutional process.
The results and other geomorphological reasons suggest
that the climatic geomorphology still is an important branch
of geomorphology, though some geomorphologists no
longer believe in simple association of climate and
landforms recently.
]IUN-CHUAN LIN
Taiwan geomorphology and global tectonics
Department of Geography - National Taiwan University;
Taipei, Taiwan; 106
Taiwan is an area of active arc-continent collision lying
between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates, with the
Philippine Plate moving north-west at approximately 70
km/yr. The aim of this paper was to identify and interpret
the tectonic move-ments of Taiwan employing a geomorphological
approach, The landforms of Taiwan closely
reflect the tectonic history and stratigraphy. From analysis
of the tectonic background of Taiwan, the nature of plate
tectonics in Taiwan is demonstrated. An uplift-denudation,
tectono-climatic interaction model for the Central
Range and Coastal Range is also proposed.
Plate collision of Taiwanese domain began in the north of
the island approximately 4 Ma ago. The landforms are thus
a maximum of 4 Ma old in the north becoming progressively
younger to the south, and of present-day origin on the
south coast. An uplift rate of about 2-6 mm/yr has been
established in several areas of Taiwan using a number of
methods and approaches. The geomorphological features
have evolved under the influence of tectonic evnironment
and a monsoonal sub-tropical climate.
VLADIMIR M. LITVIN
Role of horizontal and vertical tectonic
movements in global relief formation
Ocean Geography Department, Kaliningrad University,
A. Nevskogo St. 14,236041 Kalinigrad, Russian Federation
Tectonic movements play the decisive role in formation
and development of Earth structural relief. According the
new geomorphologic and geological-geophysical investiga-
252
tions, especially in ocean, the system of its influence, movement
amplitudes and direction and observed results are
explained the most logical in the plate tectonic conception
where the horizontal movements are regarded as primary
and the vertical movements - derivative from its. As it established
the horizontal movements caused the Earth general
morphostructural plan formation including the mutual
position of the lihospheric plates, continents and oceans,
different planetary and regional relief forms, and the vertical
movements determinated the relief forms creation, its
sizes, heights and division. Horizontal movements of lithosperic
plates having global nature are the most considerable.
The plate spreading, deep matter lifting and ocean
crust increase take place in the mid-ocean ridge axes. The
ocean plate subduction and continental crust formation
take place in the island arcs, active continental margins
and deep-sea trenches. The pilling up of crust layers, folding
and moving over formation in the mountain systems
take place at continental plates collision. The horizontal
movements rates of the lithosperic plates were changed in
Mesozoic and Cenozoic from 1-2 to 8-9 sm/year in different
regions and times, and the movement amplitudes reach
in present from 1000-2000 to 8000-10000 km. The subduction
rates in deep-sea trenches correspond to spreading
rates composing from 2-3 to 7-9 sm/year. As result of oceanic
plate movements the submergence processes are predominated
on the ocean bottom on the both parts of the
mid-ocean ridge axes. Its axes are found on the recent
depths about 2,6 km that is determinatedby isostatic equilibrium
between the uplifting mantle matter and load of
the forming oceanic crust. These processes lead to formation
of the mid-ocean ridges and oceanic basins as the global
relief forms. The average rates of submergence in Mesozoic
and Cenozoic were 0,02-0,04 mm/year and vertical
movement amplitudes reach in present 4-5km on the outlying
oceanic basins. The similar amplitudes.and submergencerates
to 0,05-0,07 rum/year inducing by submergence
of the peripheral oceanic plates are observed on the
continental margins and in the sea basins of transition zones.
At that time the island arcs made the active uplift caused
by subduction processes with average rates 0,1-0,2
mm/year and amplitudes from 2 to 5 km arid more from
Neogene to Recent. The continental platform plains made
the oscillating movements in all time that led the formation
of the shields, low and rising plains, plateau and basins etc.
The average rates of movements are 0,01-0,05 mm/year,
and the amplitudes reach 4-6 km from Mesozoic to Recent.
The young folding mountain systems as result of continental
plates collision made the uplift to 6-8 km with average
rates 0,3 mm/year in Neogene-Quaternary period that is
observed on the levelling surfaces. The revive and rejuvenate
mountain systems dr-awing into this process with
block movements are characterised the similar rates of vertical
movements but some lesser size. Simultaneously the
tectonic movements have essential effect on the exogenic
processes leading to structural relief modelling. The denudation
prevailing on the continents is increased at the
uplift, but the accumulation prevailing on the ocean bottom
is increased at the submergence.