Introduction to Soil Chemistry

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210 speciation 13. Wang J, Ashley K, Marlow D, Engl EC, Carlton G. Field method for the determination of hexavalent chromium by ultrasonication and strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction. Anal. Chem. 71:1027–1032, 1999. 14. Hempel M, Wilken RD, Miess R, Hertwich J, Beyer K. Mercury contamination sites—behavior of mercury and its species in lysimeter experiments. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 80:1089–1098, 1995. 15. Crock JG, Mercury. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods. Bartels JM (ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 769–791, 1996. 16. Bertsch PM, Bloom PR. Aluminum. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Bartels JM (ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 517–550, 1996. 17. Kerven GL, Ostatek BZ, Edwards DG, Asher CJ, Oweczkin J. Chromatographic techniques for the separation of Al and associated organic ligands present in soil solution. Plant and Soil 171:29–34, 1995. 18. Frankenberger WT, Jr, Tabatabai MA, Adriano DC, Doner HE. Bromine, chlorine, fluorine. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Bartels JM (ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 833–868, 1996. 19. Keren R. Boron. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods. Bartels JM (ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 603–626, 1996. 20. Vaughan PJ, Suarez DL. Constant capacitance model computation of boron speciation for varying soil water content. Vadose Zone J. 2:253–258, 2003 21. Prietzel J,Thieme J, Neuhäusler U, Susini J, Kögel-Knabner I. Speciation of sulphur in soils and soil particles by X-ray sperctromicroscopy. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 54:423–433, 2003. 22. Sims JL. Molybdenum and cobalt. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods. Bartels JM (ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 723–737, 1996 23. Tu C, Ma LQ. Effects of arsenic concentrations and forms on arsenic uptake by the hyperaccumulator ladder brake. J. Environ. Qual. 31:641–647, 2002. 24. Coyne M. Soil Microbiology: An Experimental Approach. Cincinnati, OH: Delmar Publishers, p. 239, 1999. 25. Bremner JM. Nitrogen—total. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Bartels JM (ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 1085–1121, 1996. 26. Stevenson FJ. Nitrogen—organic forms. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Bartels JM (ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 1185–1200, 1996. 27. Mulvaney RL. Nitrogen—inorganic forms. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Bartels JM (ed.). Madison,WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 1123–1184, 1996. 28. Kuo S. Phosphorus. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Bartels JM (ed.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, pp. 869–919, 1996.
A horizon, 8, 11, 15, 46, 48 Accelerated solvent extraction, 139, 151 Acetic acid, 78 Acetone, 34, 129, 187 Acetonitrile, 156, 185, 201 Acetylene air, 154, nitrous oxide, 154 Acid-base titration, 111, 113, 114, 119 Actinomycetes, 52 Africa, 19 Air drying, 56, 134 Albic horizon, 10, 17 Alcohol, 59, 131, 133, 164, 206 Aldehydes, 59, 124, 156, 164, 168 Alfisol, 19 Algae, 48, 52, 97 Alkali, 64, 79, 154, 163, 198 Alkaline, 79, 163, 198 Alluvial, 7 Alumina, 26, 186, 187 Aluminum, 10, 11, 17, 20, 26–32, 36, 37, 42, 49, 78, 79, 81, 195, 202 Aluminum octahedra, 26, 28 Aluminum phosphate, 206 Amalyases, 56 Amines, 28, 59, 82, 164 Amino acids, 51, 61, 121, 187, 188, 195, 205 Ammonia, 30, 39, 40, 51, 73, 80, 105, 111, 112, 114, 118, 119, 121, 122, 170, 203, 205 Ammonium, 28, 30, 33, 73, 79, 80, 118, 121, 199, 204, 205 Amorphous clays, 26, 31, 149 Amperage, 93, 95, 105 Anaerobic, 45, 51–53, 55, 60–62, 72, 77, 85, 97, 200, 201, 207 Analyte, 57, 58, 130, 160, 191 Analytical wavelength, 153–155, 159, 185 Andisols, 18, 149 Andosols, 18 INDEX 211 Angular blocky, 11 Anhydrous ammonium, 205 Anhydrous calcium sulfate, 135 Ahydrous sodium sulfate, 142 Animals, 1, 45–48, 55, 64, 65, 67, 78, 80, 202 Anion(s), 28, 33, 34, 45, 78–81, 83, 113, 123, 124, 128, 129, 202–205, 207 Anion exchange capacity, 33, 34, 89, 140 Antibiotics, 78 Antibonding, 36 Ants, 46 Ap horizon, 8 Apatites, 123 Argon, 1, 76, 154, 178 Aridisol, 10, 20, 96 Arsenic, 131, 204 Arthropod, 46, 52 Asia, 19 Atmosphere, 8, 23, 60, 72–74, 76, 89, 131–133, 150, 201 Atomic absorption, 11, 155, 170, 202 Atomic spectroscopy, 152 ATR, see Attenuated total reflection Attacking groups, 37 Attenuated total reflection (ATR), 157, 166 Australia, 18, 19 Automatic samplers, 177 Automatic titrator, 124 Autotrophic, 52 B horizon, 9–11, 17, 20, 46 Bacteria, 30, 52, 60, 77, 97, 121 Bar, 74 Base saturation, 19 Battery, 95 Beer-Lambert law, 159 Bernoulli, 154 Bicarbonate, 72, 77, 80, 81, 132, 203 Biochemicals, 45, 46, 56, 57 Bioorganic, 57 Introduction to Soil Chemistry: Analysis and Instrumentation, By Alfred R. Conklin, Jr. Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Introduction to Soil Chemistry Anal
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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS A SERIES OF MONOG
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Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & S
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CONTENTS PREFACE xiii CHAPTER 1 SOI
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contents ix 4.14. Conclusion 89 Pro
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contents xi CHAPTER 10 SPECIATION 1
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xiv preface Moisture levels can cha
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CHAPTER 1 SOIL BASICS I MACROSCALE
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soil basics i 3 Mollisol Ap 0 - 17.
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soil basic i 5 Spodosol Oi 0 - 2.5
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horizonation 7 or basic.Thus, the t
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horizonation 9 Table 1.2. Major-Min
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peds 11 As would be expected, only
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peds 13 Figure 1.7. Peds isolated f
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P soil color 15 B P = pores B = bri
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soil naming 17 Under most condition
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soil chemistry, analysis, and instr
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ibliography 21 thus increased oxida
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CHAPTER 2 SOIL BASICS II MICROSCOPI
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O O Si O O d - d H H + d + O soil s
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d - Si O O O Al O O H d+ O O HO OH
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O HO O O O HO O O Si O Al O Si O O
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soil solids 31 the name taken from
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onding considerations 33 The two op
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surface features 35 Because differe
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energy considerations 37 side-by-si
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In Figure 2.5 the path to the right
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H O H H O C Na +- O O H H O H H O H
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eferences 43 2.7. Explain how the r
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CHAPTER 3 SOIL BASICS III THE BIOLO
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animals 47 C Figure 3.2. An ant col
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plants 49 Grasses and other similar
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plants 51 Rhizosphere Figure 3.4. I
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microorganisms 53 Table 3.1. Design
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microorganisms 55 microaerophilic,
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ioorganic 57 activity may be increa
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organic compounds 59 and may contai
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organic compounds 61 Table 3.3. Fun
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R 2C R organic compounds 63 O C - O
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analysis 65 3.7.1. Analysis for Ani
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problems 67 oxide by components in
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eferences 69 6. Bais HP, Park S-W,
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CHAPTER 4 SOIL BASICS IV THE SOIL A
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water 73 The soil atmosphere also c
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D C water 75 B Figure 4.3. A wide-d
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compounds in solution 77 tion is li
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+ NH4 + NH4 H H O + NH4 H H H + NH
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organic ions in solution 81 consequ
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distribution between soil solids an
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oxidative and reductive reactions i
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measuring soil water 87 soil is rep
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problems 89 blocks, and thermocoupl
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eferences 91 8. Bohn HL, McNeal BL,
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94 electrical measurements Figure 5
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96 electrical measurements 1200 100
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98 electrical measurements Referenc
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100 electrical measurements Standar
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102 Table 5.1. Ion-Selective Electr
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104 electrical measurements In addi
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106 electrical measurements along w
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108 electrical measurements cools w
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110 electrical measurements Science
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112 titrimetric measurement pH 13 1
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114 titrimetric measurement Table 6
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116 titrimetric measurement H 3 O +
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118 titrimetric measurement Because
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120 titrimetric measurement Soil Sa
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122 titrimetric measurement 6.6. NI
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124 titrimetric measurement - + X +
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126 titrimetric measurement REFEREN
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128 extraction Organic compounds, i
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130 extraction 3. What is the distr
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132 extraction All nonaqueous solve
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134 extraction Table 7.2. Character
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136 extraction Figure 7.3. Solution
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138 extraction Figure 7.5. A microw
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140 extraction serious interference
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142 extraction taining one to sever
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144 extraction Cohen DR, Shen XC, D
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146 extraction ultrasound; Applicat
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148 spectroscopy although technical
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150 spectroscopy Incident X-rays q
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152 spectroscopy with cellulose or
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154 spectroscopy extract components
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156 spectroscopy 8.6. ULTRAVIOLET A
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158 spectroscopy placed in the samp
Page 178 and 179: 160 spectroscopy to scratch them. W
Page 180 and 181: 162 spectroscopy Data Concentration
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Page 184 and 185: 166 spectroscopy Table 8.1. Importa
Page 186 and 187: 168 spectroscopy nance (NMR) spectr
Page 188 and 189: 170 spectroscopy nitrogen containin
Page 190 and 191: 172 spectroscopy 7. Bernick MB, Get
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER 9 CHROMATOGRAPHY Chromatogr
Page 195 and 196: Mobile phase in abaybayby abaybayby
Page 197 and 198: gas chromatography 179 Figure 9.3.
Page 199 and 200: gas chromatography 181 Table 9.3. C
Page 201 and 202: gas chromatography 183 Gas tight sy
Page 203 and 204: high-performance liquid chromatogra
Page 205 and 206: thin-layer chromatography 187 They
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Page 209 and 210: conclusion 191 then a pure sample o
Page 211: eferences 193 U.S. Environmental Pr
Page 214 and 215: 196 speciation - Al H 2 O K H2O H2O
Page 216 and 217: 198 speciation to consider all poss
Page 218 and 219: 200 speciation many more species th
Page 220 and 221: 202 speciation atomic absorption is
Page 222 and 223: 204 speciation Table 10.2. Common O
Page 224 and 225: 206 speciation reflecting the titra
Page 226 and 227: 208 speciation Some oxyanions are s
Page 230 and 231: 212 index Bioreactor, 124 Bioremedi
Page 232 and 233: 214 index Gas chromatograph-mass sp
Page 234 and 235: 216 index Path length, 159 Ped(s),
Page 236 and 237: 218 index TMS, see Tetramethylsilan
Page 238 and 239: Vol. 34. Neutron Activation Analysi
Page 240 and 241: Vol. 117 Applications of Fluorescen
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