Introduction to Soil Chemistry

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218 index TMS, see Tetramethylsilane Toluene, 168 Total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbons (TRPH), 164 Transition horizons, 10 Transition state, 38, 39 Trend line, 161 Triple bonds, 59, 147, 156, 164 Ultisols, 19, 20 Ultrasonic extraction, 136, 137 Ultraviolet, 136, 147, 152, 156, 170, 184, 185, 187 Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, 156 Ultraviolet light, 147, 185, 187 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 17 United States Environmental Protection Agency, 112 Ureases, 56 Urine, 46 USSR, 18 UV absorbance, 187 UV-Vis, 156, 158, 175 Valve, 183, 184 Van der Waals, 32, 34, 42 Vertisols, 18, 30 Viscosity, 129, 154 Visible region, 156, 158, 170 Visualization reagent, 187 Void space, 14, 89 Void volume, 71, 72 Voltage, 93, 105, 108, 169, 181, 188 Voltammetry, 105 Voltmeter, 93, 95 Water removal, 141 Waters of hydration, 30, 65, 83, 198 Wheatstone bridge, 181 Worms, 45–47, 52 X-ray diffraction, 31, 148–150 X-ray fluorescence, 150–152, 170 x-rays, 147, 148, 150, 152, 170 Zimbabwe, 100 Zinc, 28, 57, 79, 93, 95, 96, 106, 199 Zinc sulfate, 95
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS A SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS ON ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND ITS APPLICATIONS Series Editor J. D. WINEFORDNER Vol. 1 The Analytical Chemistry of Industrial Poisons, Hazards, and Solvents. Second Edition. By the late Morris B. Jacobs Vol. 2 Chromatographic Adsorption Analysis. By Harold H. Strain (out of print) Vol. 3 Photometric Determination of Traces of Metals. Fourth Edition Part I: General Aspects. By E. B. Sandell and Hiroshi Onishi Part IIA: Individual Metals, Aluminum to Lithium. By Hiroshi Onishi Part IIB: Individual Metals, Magnesium to Zirconium. By Hiroshi Onishi Vol. 4 Organic Reagents Used in Gravimetric and Volumetric Analysis. By John F. Flagg (out of print) Vol. 5 Aquametry: A Treatise on Methods for the Determination of Water. Second Edition (in three parts). By John Mitchell, Jr. and Donald Milton Smith Vol. 6 Analysis of Insecticides and Acaricides. By Francis A. Gunther and Roger C. Blinn (out of print) Vol. 7 Chemical Analysis of Industrial Solvents. By the late Morris B. Jacobs and Leopold Schetlan Vol. 8 Colorimetric Determination of Nonmetals. Second Edition. Edited by the late David F. Boltz and James A. Howell Vol. 9 Analytical Chemistry of Titanium Metals and Compounds. By Maurice Codell Vol. 10 The Chemical Analysis of Air Pollutants. By the late Morris B. Jacobs Vol. 11 X-Ray Spectrochemical Analysis. Second Edition. By L. S. Birks Vol. 12 Systematic Analysis of Surface-Active Agents. Second Edition. By Milton J. Rosen and Henry A. Goldsmith Vol. 13 Alternating Current Polarography and Tensammetry. By B. Breyer and H.H.Bauer Vol. 14 Flame Photometry. By R. Herrmann and J. Alkemade Vol. 15 The Titration of Organic Compounds (in two parts). By M. R. F. Ashworth Vol. 16 Complexation in Analytical Chemistry: A Guide for the Critical Selection of Analytical Methods Based on Complexation Reactions. By the late Anders Ringbom Vol. 17 Electron Probe Microanalysis. Second Edition. By L. S. Birks Vol. 18 Organic Complexing Reagents: Structure, Behavior, and Application to Inorganic Analysis. By D. D. Perrin Vol. 19 Thermal Analysis. Third Edition. By Wesley Wm.Wendlandt Vol. 20 Amperometric Titrations. By John T. Stock Vol. 21 Reflctance Spectroscopy. By Wesley Wm.Wendlandt and Harry G. Hecht Vol. 22 The Analytical Toxicology of Industrial Inorganic Poisons. By the late Morris B. Jacobs Vol. 23 The Formation and Properties of Precipitates. By Alan G.Walton Vol. 24 Kinetics in Analytical Chemistry. By Harry B. Mark, Jr. and Garry A. Rechnitz Vol. 25 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Second Edition. By Morris Slavin Vol. 26 Characterization of Organometallic Compounds (in two parts). Edited by Minoru Tsutsui Vol. 27 Rock and Mineral Analysis. Second Edition. By Wesley M. Johnson and John A. Maxwell Vol. 28 The Analytical Chemistry of Nitrogen and Its Compounds (in two parts). Edited by C. A. Streuli and Philip R.Averell Vol. 29 The Analytical Chemistry of Sulfur and Its Compounds (in three parts). By J. H. Karchmer Vol. 30 Ultramicro Elemental Analysis. By Güther Toölg Vol. 31 Photometric Organic Analysis (in two parts). By Eugene Sawicki Vol. 32 Determination of Organic Compounds: Methods and Procedures. By Frederick T. Weiss Vol. 33 Masking and Demasking of Chemical Reactions. By D. D. Perrin
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Introduction to Soil Chemistry Anal
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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS A SERIES OF MONOG
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Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & S
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CONTENTS PREFACE xiii CHAPTER 1 SOI
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contents ix 4.14. Conclusion 89 Pro
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contents xi CHAPTER 10 SPECIATION 1
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xiv preface Moisture levels can cha
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CHAPTER 1 SOIL BASICS I MACROSCALE
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soil basics i 3 Mollisol Ap 0 - 17.
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soil basic i 5 Spodosol Oi 0 - 2.5
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horizonation 7 or basic.Thus, the t
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horizonation 9 Table 1.2. Major-Min
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peds 11 As would be expected, only
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peds 13 Figure 1.7. Peds isolated f
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P soil color 15 B P = pores B = bri
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soil naming 17 Under most condition
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soil chemistry, analysis, and instr
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ibliography 21 thus increased oxida
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CHAPTER 2 SOIL BASICS II MICROSCOPI
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O O Si O O d - d H H + d + O soil s
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d - Si O O O Al O O H d+ O O HO OH
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O HO O O O HO O O Si O Al O Si O O
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soil solids 31 the name taken from
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onding considerations 33 The two op
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surface features 35 Because differe
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energy considerations 37 side-by-si
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In Figure 2.5 the path to the right
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H O H H O C Na +- O O H H O H H O H
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eferences 43 2.7. Explain how the r
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CHAPTER 3 SOIL BASICS III THE BIOLO
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animals 47 C Figure 3.2. An ant col
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plants 49 Grasses and other similar
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plants 51 Rhizosphere Figure 3.4. I
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microorganisms 53 Table 3.1. Design
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microorganisms 55 microaerophilic,
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ioorganic 57 activity may be increa
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organic compounds 59 and may contai
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organic compounds 61 Table 3.3. Fun
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R 2C R organic compounds 63 O C - O
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analysis 65 3.7.1. Analysis for Ani
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problems 67 oxide by components in
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eferences 69 6. Bais HP, Park S-W,
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CHAPTER 4 SOIL BASICS IV THE SOIL A
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water 73 The soil atmosphere also c
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D C water 75 B Figure 4.3. A wide-d
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compounds in solution 77 tion is li
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+ NH4 + NH4 H H O + NH4 H H H + NH
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organic ions in solution 81 consequ
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distribution between soil solids an
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oxidative and reductive reactions i
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measuring soil water 87 soil is rep
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problems 89 blocks, and thermocoupl
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eferences 91 8. Bohn HL, McNeal BL,
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94 electrical measurements Figure 5
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96 electrical measurements 1200 100
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98 electrical measurements Referenc
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100 electrical measurements Standar
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102 Table 5.1. Ion-Selective Electr
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104 electrical measurements In addi
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106 electrical measurements along w
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108 electrical measurements cools w
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110 electrical measurements Science
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112 titrimetric measurement pH 13 1
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114 titrimetric measurement Table 6
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116 titrimetric measurement H 3 O +
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118 titrimetric measurement Because
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120 titrimetric measurement Soil Sa
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122 titrimetric measurement 6.6. NI
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124 titrimetric measurement - + X +
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126 titrimetric measurement REFEREN
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128 extraction Organic compounds, i
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130 extraction 3. What is the distr
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132 extraction All nonaqueous solve
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134 extraction Table 7.2. Character
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136 extraction Figure 7.3. Solution
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138 extraction Figure 7.5. A microw
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140 extraction serious interference
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142 extraction taining one to sever
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144 extraction Cohen DR, Shen XC, D
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146 extraction ultrasound; Applicat
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148 spectroscopy although technical
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150 spectroscopy Incident X-rays q
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152 spectroscopy with cellulose or
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154 spectroscopy extract components
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156 spectroscopy 8.6. ULTRAVIOLET A
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158 spectroscopy placed in the samp
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160 spectroscopy to scratch them. W
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162 spectroscopy Data Concentration
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164 spectroscopy these make analysi
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166 spectroscopy Table 8.1. Importa
Page 186 and 187: 168 spectroscopy nance (NMR) spectr
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Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER 9 CHROMATOGRAPHY Chromatogr
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Page 197 and 198: gas chromatography 179 Figure 9.3.
Page 199 and 200: gas chromatography 181 Table 9.3. C
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Page 205 and 206: thin-layer chromatography 187 They
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Page 209 and 210: conclusion 191 then a pure sample o
Page 211: eferences 193 U.S. Environmental Pr
Page 214 and 215: 196 speciation - Al H 2 O K H2O H2O
Page 216 and 217: 198 speciation to consider all poss
Page 218 and 219: 200 speciation many more species th
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Page 228 and 229: 210 speciation 13. Wang J, Ashley K
Page 230 and 231: 212 index Bioreactor, 124 Bioremedi
Page 232 and 233: 214 index Gas chromatograph-mass sp
Page 234 and 235: 216 index Path length, 159 Ped(s),
Page 238 and 239: Vol. 34. Neutron Activation Analysi
Page 240 and 241: Vol. 117 Applications of Fluorescen
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Introduction to Soil Chemistry

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