Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest - Universiteit ...

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Table 1. Frugivorous, granivorous and omnivorous vertebrate species possibly involved in seed dispersal in Sainte Luce and Kirindy. Diet: F: frugivorous, FG: frugi-granivorous; Ffo: frugi-folivorous; foF: foli-frugivorous; O:omnivorous; Activity: D: diurnal, N: nocturnal, C: cathemeral; Body mass (in g) and Body length (in cm) and their potential role as seed dispersers (D) or seed predators (P) in these ecosystems.ND: no data available. Impact seeds Body ab length Body a mass Activity Diet KIR STL English name Scientific name Family D D D P P 32 28 24 35 50 215 ND 45 218 ND D D D D D F F F G G x x x x x x x x x Malagasy Green Pigeon Malagasy Blue Pigeon Madagascar Bulbull Lesser Vasa Parrot Greater Vasa Parrot Treron australis Alectroenas madagascariensis Hypsipetes madagascariensis Coracopsis nigra AVES Columbidae Columbidae Pycnonotidae Psitaccidae Coracopsis vasa D 23-27 500-750 N F x Madagascar Flying Fox Pteropus rufus MAMMALIA CHIROPTERA Pteropodidae Intersite comparison PRIMATES Indridae Propithecus verreauxi Verreaux's Sifaka x FoF D 3000 40-47 D,P Lemuridae Eulemur fulvus collaris Collared Brown Lemur x F C 2000-2300 40-47 D Eulemur fulvus rufus Red-fronted Brown Lemur x FFo C 1600-2100 45 D Cheirogaleidae Microcebus murinus Grey Mouse Lemur x O N 60 12.5 D Microcebus berthae Berthe's Mouse Lemur x O N 30 12.5 D Microcebus rufus Brown Mouse Lemur x O N 42 12.5 D Cheirogaleus major Greater Dwarf Lemur x O N 443 25 D Cheirogaleus medius Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemur x x O N 119-280 20 D a Data from Langrand (1990), Goodman et al. (1997b), Fietz and Ganzhorn (1999), Garbutt (1999), Ganzhorn et al. (1999a), Donati (2002). b Body length is total length for birds and bats but head/body length for lemurs. 115
Chapter 4 Number of seeds: 1-2, 3-10, 11-50, 50+; Fruit weight: 50g; Fruit length: 30mm; Seed length: 20mm; Fruit protection: dehiscent, indehiscent with thin husk; indehiscent with thick husk; Seed protection: no protection; seed coat or lignified kernel; Dispersal type: zoochorous (exo- and endo-) or non-zoochorous including anemochorous, hydrochorous, autochorous. The characterisations were modified based on the original classifications by Gautier- Hion et al. (1985) and Lambert and Garber (1998). Epiphytes, vines, shrubs, large (>6m) and small trees (
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Fruit-frugivore interactions in a M
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Cover photographs: Front: Back: -
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Table of contents III. General conc
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Acknowledgements A special word of
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PREFACE Preface This work brings to
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General introduction Finally, seed
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General introduction high as 98% fo
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’Hazo tokana tsy mba ala’ One t
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Chapter 1 changes in resource avail
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Chapter 1 For analyses we narrowed
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Chapter 1 Fig. 2. Seasonal variatio
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Chapter 1 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Chapter 1 Fig 4. Comparison of data
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Chapter 1 Table 4. Data on phenolog
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Chapter 1 Relation with abiotic fac
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Chapter 1 Malagasy rainforests disp
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Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
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Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
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Malagasy proverb Drawing © Giusepp
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Chapter 2 the successful establishm
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Chapter 2 40 Table 1. The frugivore
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Chapter 2 Statistical analyses To v
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Chapter 2 Overall fruit trap data d
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Chapter 2 Table 3. Morphological an
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Chapter 2 depressed seeds (Fig. 3a)
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Chapter 2 Fig. 3. Ordination plot o
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Chapter 2 On a community level the
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Chapter 2 Appendix II. Plant-animal
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Malagasy proverb Lemur drawing © S
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Chapter 3 different consumer specie
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Chapter 3 Bollen et al. in press, C
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 3 64 Body 1,2 Body lenght (
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 3 dominant plant families s
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 Table 4. Morphological an
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 3 Table 4 Continued Paramet
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 3 Besides testing feeding s
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 3 and do not consume the fi
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 3 (1997) already pointed ou
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 3 1989; Galetti 1993; Saini
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 3 Appendix I. All plant spe
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 3 Other SD Hss Rats Rr Ew 8
Page 90 and 91: Pteropus rufus Feeding ecology of P
Page 92 and 93: Pteropus rufus number per species a
Page 94 and 95: Pteropus rufus Table 1 Continued Fr
Page 96 and 97: Pteropus rufus larger number of spe
Page 98 and 99: Table 2 Continued Number of seeds/d
Page 100 and 101: Pteropus rufus Food selection: expl
Page 102 and 103: Pteropus rufus presence. On the oth
Page 104 and 105: Pteropus rufus Marshall (1983). Occ
Page 106 and 107: Coracopsis nigra The feeding ecolog
Page 108 and 109: Coracopsis nigra fruit pulp (70%) b
Page 110 and 111: Coracopsis nigra Table 1 Continued
Page 112 and 113: Coracopsis nigra Table 2. Morpholog
Page 115 and 116: Malagasy proverb Drawing of fruits
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 4 Most seed dispersal studi
Page 119: Chapter 4 Mean temperature is aroun
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 4 Fig. 2. Monthly fruit ava
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 4 120 Table 3. Soil charact
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 4 Table 4. Morphological ch
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 4 Table 5. Biochemical char
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 4 Chemistry At both sites,
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 4 considering species numbe
Page 137 and 138: ’Ny valala tsy indroa mandry eo a
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 5 environmental degradation
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 5 at a very low density in
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 5 Table 1. A list of plant
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 5 (Ganzhorn et al. 1999a).
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 5 Animals The degree of vul
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 5 comm.). Mixed species pla
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 5 data are needed we believ
Page 153 and 154: General conclusion as in other site
Page 155 and 156: General conclusion selection pressu
Page 157 and 158: General conclusion are consumed by
Page 159 and 160: Samenvatting omstandigheden zijn bo
Page 161 and 162: Samenvatting vruchtkenmerken. Beide
Page 163 and 164: Samenvatting zaadverspreiding moete
Page 165 and 166: Résumé température et précipita
Page 167 and 168: Résumé (Sud-est de Madagascar) et
Page 169 and 170: Résumé des frugivores sur l’év
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References Bollen A, Van Elsacker L
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References Dowsett JR (2000) Le sta
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References Godfrey LR, Junger WL, R
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References Janson CH, Chapman CA (1
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References Marshall AG (1983) Bats,
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References Rabevohitra R, Lowry PP,
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References Tattersall I (1982) The
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family Loganiaceae scientific name
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