Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest - Universiteit ...

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Universiteit Antwerpen Faculteit Wetenschappen Departement Biologie Promotoren: Prof. dr. L. Van Elsacker Prof dr. R. Verheyen Prof dr. J. Ganzhorn Antwerpen, 2003 Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest: a community-wide approach of seed dispersal Interacties tussen vruchten en frugivoren in een Madagaskisch littoraal regenwoud: een benadering van zaadverspreiding op niveau van het ecosysteem Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van doctor in de Wetenschappen aan de Universiteit Antwerpen te verdedigen door An BOLLEN
Cover photographs: Front: Back: -‘ambora’ Tambourissa purpurea (Monimiaceae) © An Bollen -‘bodono’ Cheirogaleus medius (Cheirogaleidae) © Han Remaut -‘hazombato’ Campylospermum obtusifolium (Ochnaceae) © An Bollen -‘horovana’ Hypsipetes madagascariensis (Pycnonotidae) © Han Remaut -‘tsilantria’ Vaccinium emirnense (Ericaceae) © An Bollen -‘varika’ a male Eulemur fulvus collaris (Lemuridae) © An Bollen -aerial photograph of the Sainte Luce area (middle) © An Bollen -‘sanirambavy’ fruits of Tina thouarsiana (Sapindaceae) with bill traces of Coracopsis nigra (Psittacidae) © An Bollen -‘fanihy’ Pteropus rufus (Pteropodidae) © An Bollen -‘rotry mena’ Syzygium sp.2’ (Myrtaceae) © An Bollen -seeds of ‘voapaky vavy’ Uapaca littoralis (Euphorbiaceae) with gnawing marks of ‘voalava’ rodents © An Bollen -Eulemur fulvus collaris feeding in a fruiting tree © An Bollen -‘sjihely’ sardine-like fishes in Dec ‘00 in the village of Ambandriky © An Bollen -the people of the Ambandriky at the landing strip of Martin Pêcheur in front of the hill of S17 © An Bollen Throughout this PhD taxonomic names of the plant species follow the Flora of Madagascar (Humbert 1936-1984), the data base of Missouri Botanical Garden (http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T) ISBN 90-5728-042-6 © An Bollen
Page 1: Fruit-frugivore interactions in a M
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents III. General conc
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements A special word of
Page 10: PREFACE Preface This work brings to
Page 13 and 14: General introduction Finally, seed
Page 15 and 16: General introduction high as 98% fo
Page 19 and 20: ’Hazo tokana tsy mba ala’ One t
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 changes in resource avail
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 For analyses we narrowed
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 Fig. 2. Seasonal variatio
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 Fig 4. Comparison of data
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 1 Table 4. Data on phenolog
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1 Relation with abiotic fac
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 1 Malagasy rainforests disp
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
Page 41 and 42: Malagasy proverb Drawing © Giusepp
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 2 the successful establishm
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 40 Table 1. The frugivore
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2 Statistical analyses To v
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 Overall fruit trap data d
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 2 Table 3. Morphological an
Page 53 and 54:
Chapter 2 depressed seeds (Fig. 3a)
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Chapter 2 Fig. 3. Ordination plot o
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Chapter 2 On a community level the
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Chapter 2 Appendix II. Plant-animal
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Malagasy proverb Lemur drawing © S
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Chapter 3 different consumer specie
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Chapter 3 Bollen et al. in press, C
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Chapter 3 64 Body 1,2 Body lenght (
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Chapter 3 dominant plant families s
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Chapter 3 Table 4. Morphological an
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Chapter 3 Table 4 Continued Paramet
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Chapter 3 Besides testing feeding s
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Chapter 3 and do not consume the fi
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Chapter 3 (1997) already pointed ou
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Chapter 3 1989; Galetti 1993; Saini
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Chapter 3 Appendix I. All plant spe
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Chapter 3 Other SD Hss Rats Rr Ew 8
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Pteropus rufus Feeding ecology of P
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Pteropus rufus number per species a
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Pteropus rufus Table 1 Continued Fr
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Pteropus rufus larger number of spe
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Table 2 Continued Number of seeds/d
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Pteropus rufus Food selection: expl
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Pteropus rufus presence. On the oth
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Pteropus rufus Marshall (1983). Occ
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Coracopsis nigra The feeding ecolog
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Coracopsis nigra fruit pulp (70%) b
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Coracopsis nigra Table 1 Continued
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Coracopsis nigra Table 2. Morpholog
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Malagasy proverb Drawing of fruits
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Chapter 4 Most seed dispersal studi
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Chapter 4 Mean temperature is aroun
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Chapter 4 Number of seeds: 1-2, 3-1
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Chapter 4 Fig. 2. Monthly fruit ava
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Chapter 4 120 Table 3. Soil charact
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Chapter 4 Table 4. Morphological ch
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Chapter 4 Table 5. Biochemical char
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Chapter 4 Chemistry At both sites,
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Chapter 4 considering species numbe
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’Ny valala tsy indroa mandry eo a
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Chapter 5 environmental degradation
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Chapter 5 at a very low density in
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Chapter 5 Table 1. A list of plant
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Chapter 5 (Ganzhorn et al. 1999a).
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Chapter 5 Animals The degree of vul
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Chapter 5 comm.). Mixed species pla
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Chapter 5 data are needed we believ
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General conclusion as in other site
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General conclusion selection pressu
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General conclusion are consumed by
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Samenvatting omstandigheden zijn bo
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Samenvatting vruchtkenmerken. Beide
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Samenvatting zaadverspreiding moete
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Résumé température et précipita
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Résumé (Sud-est de Madagascar) et
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Résumé des frugivores sur l’év
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References Bollen A, Van Elsacker L
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References Dowsett JR (2000) Le sta
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References Godfrey LR, Junger WL, R
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References Janson CH, Chapman CA (1
Page 179 and 180:
References Marshall AG (1983) Bats,
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References Rabevohitra R, Lowry PP,
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References Tattersall I (1982) The
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family Loganiaceae scientific name
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