Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest - Universiteit ...

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References Wenny DG (2000) Seed dispersal of a high quality fruit by specialized frugivores: high quality dispersal? Biotropica 32:327-337 Wheelwright NT (1986) A seven year study of individual variation in fruit production in tropical bird-dispersed tree species in the family Lauraceae. In: Estrada A, Fleming TH (eds) Frugivores and seed dispersal. Dr W Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 19- 35 Wheelwright NT, Haber NA, Murray KG, Guindon C (1984) Tropical fruit-eating birds and their food plants: a survey of a Costa Rican lower montane forest. Biotropica 16: 173-192 Willson MF & Traveset A (2000) The ecology of seed dispersal. In: Fenner M. (ed) Seeds. The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 85-110 Willson MF, Whelan CJ (1990) The evolution of fruit colour in fleshy-fruited plants. Am Nat 136: 790-809 Willson MF, Irvine AK, Walsh NG (1989) Vertebrate dispersal syndromes in some Australian and New Zealand plant communities, with geographic comparisons. Biotropica 21:133-147 Witmer MC, Van Soest PJ (1998) Contrasting digestive strategies of fruit-eating birds. Funct Ecol 12:728-741 Wright PC (1997a) Behavioral and ecological comparisons of Neotropical and Malagasy primates. In Kinzey WG (ed) New World Primates: Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Aldine de Gruyter, New York, pp 127-141 Wright P (1997b) The future of biodiversity in Madagascar. In: Goodman SM, Patterson BD (eds) Natural change and human impact in Madagascar. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, pp 381-405 Wright PC (1999) Lemur traits and Madagascar ecology: coping with an island environment. Yearbook Phys Anthropol 42:31-72 Wright PC, Martin LB (1995) Predation, pollination, and torpor in two nocturnal primates: Cheirogaleus major and Microcebus rufus in the rain forest of Madagascar. In: Alterman L, Doyle G, Izard K (eds) Creatures of the Dark: The Nocturnal Prosimians. Plenum Press, New York, pp 45-60 Wunderle JM (1997) The role of animal seed dispersal in acceleration native forest regeneration on degraded tropical lands. Forest Ecol Manag 99:223-235 Wütherlich D, Azocar A, Garcia-Nuñez C, Silva JF (2001) Seed dispersal in Palicourea rigida a common treelet species from neotropical savannas. J Trop Ecol 17:449- 458 Wyner YR, Absher G, Amato E, Sterling R, Stumpf Y, Rumpler Y, DeSalle R (1999) Species concepts and determination of historic gene flow patterns in Eulemur fulvus complex. Biol J Linn Soc 66:39-56 Yamashita N (2002) Diets of two lemur species in different microhabitats in Beza Mahafaly special reserve, Madagascar. Int J Primatol 23:1025-1051 Zamora R (2000) Functional equivalence in plant-animal interactions: ecological and evolutionary consequences. Oikos 88:442-447 The format of the references is according the lay-out of the journal Oecologia 179
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Fruit-frugivore interactions in a M
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Cover photographs: Front: Back: -
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Table of contents III. General conc
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Acknowledgements A special word of
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PREFACE Preface This work brings to
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General introduction Finally, seed
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General introduction high as 98% fo
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’Hazo tokana tsy mba ala’ One t
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Chapter 1 changes in resource avail
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Chapter 1 For analyses we narrowed
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Chapter 1 Fig. 2. Seasonal variatio
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Chapter 1 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Chapter 1 Fig 4. Comparison of data
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Chapter 1 Table 4. Data on phenolog
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Chapter 1 Relation with abiotic fac
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Chapter 1 Malagasy rainforests disp
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Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
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Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
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Malagasy proverb Drawing © Giusepp
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Chapter 2 the successful establishm
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Chapter 2 40 Table 1. The frugivore
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Chapter 2 Statistical analyses To v
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Chapter 2 Overall fruit trap data d
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Chapter 2 Table 3. Morphological an
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Chapter 2 depressed seeds (Fig. 3a)
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Chapter 2 Fig. 3. Ordination plot o
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Chapter 2 On a community level the
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Chapter 2 Appendix II. Plant-animal
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Malagasy proverb Lemur drawing © S
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Chapter 3 different consumer specie
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Chapter 3 Bollen et al. in press, C
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Chapter 3 64 Body 1,2 Body lenght (
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Chapter 3 dominant plant families s
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Chapter 3 Table 4. Morphological an
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Chapter 3 Table 4 Continued Paramet
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Chapter 3 Besides testing feeding s
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Chapter 3 and do not consume the fi
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Chapter 3 (1997) already pointed ou
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Chapter 3 1989; Galetti 1993; Saini
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Chapter 3 Appendix I. All plant spe
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Chapter 3 Other SD Hss Rats Rr Ew 8
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Pteropus rufus Feeding ecology of P
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Pteropus rufus number per species a
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Pteropus rufus Table 1 Continued Fr
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Pteropus rufus larger number of spe
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Table 2 Continued Number of seeds/d
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Pteropus rufus Food selection: expl
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Pteropus rufus presence. On the oth
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Pteropus rufus Marshall (1983). Occ
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Coracopsis nigra The feeding ecolog
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Coracopsis nigra fruit pulp (70%) b
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Coracopsis nigra Table 1 Continued
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Coracopsis nigra Table 2. Morpholog
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Malagasy proverb Drawing of fruits
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Chapter 4 Most seed dispersal studi
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Chapter 4 Mean temperature is aroun
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Chapter 4 Number of seeds: 1-2, 3-1
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Chapter 4 Fig. 2. Monthly fruit ava
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Chapter 4 120 Table 3. Soil charact
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Chapter 4 Table 4. Morphological ch
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Chapter 4 Table 5. Biochemical char
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Chapter 4 Chemistry At both sites,
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 4 considering species numbe
Page 137 and 138: ’Ny valala tsy indroa mandry eo a
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 5 environmental degradation
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 5 at a very low density in
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 5 Table 1. A list of plant
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 5 (Ganzhorn et al. 1999a).
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 5 Animals The degree of vul
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 5 comm.). Mixed species pla
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 5 data are needed we believ
Page 153 and 154: General conclusion as in other site
Page 155 and 156: General conclusion selection pressu
Page 157 and 158: General conclusion are consumed by
Page 159 and 160: Samenvatting omstandigheden zijn bo
Page 161 and 162: Samenvatting vruchtkenmerken. Beide
Page 163 and 164: Samenvatting zaadverspreiding moete
Page 165 and 166: Résumé température et précipita
Page 167 and 168: Résumé (Sud-est de Madagascar) et
Page 169 and 170: Résumé des frugivores sur l’év
Page 171 and 172: References Bollen A, Van Elsacker L
Page 173 and 174: References Dowsett JR (2000) Le sta
Page 175 and 176: References Godfrey LR, Junger WL, R
Page 177 and 178: References Janson CH, Chapman CA (1
Page 179 and 180: References Marshall AG (1983) Bats,
Page 181 and 182: References Rabevohitra R, Lowry PP,
Page 183: References Tattersall I (1982) The
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